Nefilosofi Russian kwekhulu le-19: imibono, indima yabo futhi ukubaluleka

nefilosofi Russian kwekhulu le-19 kuyinto ukwehluka bezimfundiso zezombusazwe yasekhaya futhi izikhundla ngemibono. Ngaphambi leminyaka elidlule wanika emhlabeni ongqondongqondo ezifana M. Bakunin, PY Chaadaev, IV Kireyevsky FM Dostoevsky, NJENGOBA Amagundane, KS Aksakov, TN Granovsky, AI WaseHerzen, LN UTolstoy, KN Leontiev, VG Belinsky, NV Fedorov, kanye nezinye theorists abaningi abavelele.

nefilosofi Russian kwekhulu le-19 - kuveza ukuphishekela ngemibono lososayensi ababengabendlu Amathrendi ezimbili okuphambene - Westernism futhi Slavophilism. Abasekeli mkhuba yokugcina Besakhuluma ukuthuthukiswa ukuthi singobani isimo kazwelonke, yenkolelo kutshalwa, balibheka njengobufakazi engase ibe enkulu Ngokuzayo yezenhlalakahle yezwe. Ngokucacile bale nkolo, ngokombono wabo, kufanele baye bavumela wakhe ukuze abe isikhonzi sibumbane azosiza ukuxazulula eziningi izinkinga zomphakathi.

Isandiso zemvelo yokukholwa ngamandla amangalisayo wamasiko babe imibono yezombusazwe. Inketho engcono sokuthuthukiswa ezifuywayo isimo zefilosofi Russian kwekhulu le-19, wayevela Slavophilism, kubhekwa ifomu monarchical kahulumeni. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba isizathu zokutshala zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni eRussia kwaba isidingo sokuqinisa autocracy. Phakathi abasekeli bale nhlangano ibhekwa KS Aksakov, IV Kireyevsky, NJENGOBA Amagundane.

nefilosofi Russian kwekhulu le-19 nakho libhekene ukubukwa zezombusazwe nesimilo baseNtshonalanga. Abasekeli ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu wokuziphilisa nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo bakhuleka kuyo imisebenzi Hegel, aphethwe ukubukwa yeningi futhi wabiza kokugumbuqelwa olukhulu kuhulumeni okhona. Indlela azizwa Revolutionary ngokusekela abalandeli lo mkhuba ngezindlela ezingafani, kodwa liveza umqondo sokunqoba autocracy kanye nokuthuthukiswa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni inakekelwa ngaleli zinga.

BaseNtshonalanga baba abasunguli imfundo isiRashiya, wakhuthaza kwandzisa esikweni lesizwe. Ukuthuthukiswa isayensi abasekela lesi siqondiso Uphinde abhekwe kube into eza kuqala. Ngo imisebenzi MA Bakunin, AI WaseHerzen, VG Belinsky, NG Chernyshevsky lembula le miqondo. Umbono umculi ngamunye has imininingwane yayo siqu kodwa emibhalweni theorists kuyofikwa imicabango efanayo.

nefilosofi Russian kwekhulu le-19 kuyinto kwesigubhu esibalulekile emlandweni kazwelonke. Namuhla, iqiniso zezombangazwe nezenhlalo bengayeki ukuze zibonise izibonelo esicacile imiqondo ngxabano eladabuka ezingaphezu kwesigamu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.

Ulwazi yomlando kanye nokuthuthukisa imibono ezazivamile isiko Russia ekhulwini le-19, zisenza sikwazi ukubona ukukhanya entsha lo mkhuba yesimanjemanje, njengoba isingeniso izikole OPK. Abasekeli kabusha - abalandeli samanje Slavophiles kanye nokuphikiswa - baseNtshonalanga ekhulwini lama-21. Umehluko phakathi isimo esikhathini esidlule futhi Russia yanamuhla ukuthi ngaphambi Amathrendi ezilwayo babehlala ehlotshisiwe ngokucacile futhi akazange uhlanganise. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa Akucaci ngakho: ". Slavophile ngokoqobo" ngakho, ngoba Westernising ekwakhiweni kungenzeka ukufihla Ngokwesibonelo, "emthethweni oyisisekelo" we Russia izwe ngesiminya isimo wokuziphilisa, okuyinto akuvimbeli amalungu Bobu-Orthodox ukujabulela amalungelo akhethekile.