Isisindo Yamamolekhula: okushiwo inkomba zamakhemikhali, izindlela ukuzimisela

Isisindo yamangqamuzana iyona esisindo sazo zonke ama-athomu eziqukethwe engqamuzaneni abafanele. Le nkomba lubonakaliswa amu (Atomic mass amayunithi).

I chemical ngezinye izikhathi Inani ebalwa amakhilogramu. Kuze kube yimanje, iyanda yi 1.66057 * 10 ^-27. Le nombolo 1 amu mass oluhambisana 1/12 isisindo athomu eyodwa nuclide ¹² C. Ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa isisindo isihlobo yamangqamuzana, okuyinto nezinhlayiya isisindo isilinganiso isisindo eyodwa yama-athomu.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sibalo kuzosiza elichaza nenqwaba molecule nazo zonke isotopes ukuthi zakha elihambisana chemical kwakwakhe.

I macroscopic iyunithi yokuthi liphansi, okuthiwa "Mol" kuyinto iyiphi inombolo njalo izinhlayiya - ama-athomu noma amangqamuzana, i-electron noma ion ngazimbili. Le mali 6.022 * Okthoba ²³ (okuthiwa Avogadro njalo). Ukuze uthole isihlobo isisindo yamangqamuzana, isisindo yamangqamuzana kumele siphindwe ngesibalo ulwahlukanise umkhiqizo we Avogadro njalo futhi nenqwaba eyodwa yama-athomu.

Njengoba kunqunywa isisindo yamangqamuzana we ketshezi?

Indlela elula ukucacisa lokhu ipharamitha ukusebenzisa ifomula ekhethekile, owawuthi ekhuthaza isisindo ezidingekayo ehlukaniswa isibalo saso.

Uma siyazi ifomula amakhemikhali ekhuthaza isisindo kabani yamangqamuzana kunqunywa kalula nge ishadi lesikhathi, ngoba, lesi silinganiso kuboniswa ngayinye nto futhi elihambisana inombolo yayo ukuthi okwesingaki. Kwanele ukuthola isamba izinsimbi yamangqamuzana zonke izingxenye uxhumano.

Ngokomthetho Avogadro sika, e esilinganayo amagesi equkethwe inani elifanayo izinhlayiya yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa lwamaphethini enjalo Mendeleev-Clapeyron kwesibalo elisuselwa. mass Yamamolekhula igesi kungaba azimisele kusetshenziswa indlela. Ukuze izibalo odinga ukukwazi eziningi izinkomba - isisindo we ketshezi, igesi njalo jikelele, izinga lokushisa UKelvin, futhi umfutho Pascals kanye nomthamo m ^3. Ngenxa yalesi isibalo amaphutha idatha kulesi sibalo esiphansi, kodwa ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi equation of Mendeleev-Clapeyron isebenza kuphela izinto gaseous.

Isisindo yamangqamuzana compounds oluyingozi kungenziwa kunqunywa spectrometry okuningi noma igesi chromatography usebenzisa igesi izinsimbi Martin. Inani isilinganiso lokhu Inkomba izinto polymeric ngezinga polymerization okusezingeni eliphezulu yabalelwa kusekelwe emigomweni yabo rheological nezakhiwo izixazululo zabo (isb, viscosity, noma ukukhanya kusakazeka ikhono).

Ukuhlola ukuthi yimaphi ama isisindo yamangqamuzana?

Inani kwamanani lokhu ubuningi usetshenziselwa ukukhomba zezakhi yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene futhi ukukhomba nucleotide lomuntu izidakamizwa test. Ngaphandle ngokuvamile inkomba chemical kunqunywa ukuhlola zamagama compounds macromolecular, okungukuthi izakhiwo zincike kulesi ipharamitha.