Ezemidlalo nokuPhephaIbhola lebhola

Njengoba uthisha waseCanada ekhuphuka ne-basketball

Ngokungafani nomyalo othanda ukuthandwa njengebhola, i-hockey ne-baseball, iguquke kancane kancane, ibhola lebhasikidi livela ekufikeni kwefantasy yomuntu onesizungu. Lo mdlalo wazalwa ngenxa kaJames Naismith, uthisha wezemfundo waseNyakatho Melika. Yiqiniso, namuhla imithetho yokuqala yase basketball ihlanjululwa futhi ithuthukisiwe, kuphela imigomo esemqoka yomdlalo igcinwa. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, imithetho engu-13 yokuqala ishicilelwe, iphrintiwe kumakhasi amabili okubhala. Manje yisikhathi sokungena emlandweni wokwakha umdlalo odumile.

Ebusika obukhulu eNyakatho Melika

UJames Naismith wasebenza njengothisha wezemvelo eSchoolfield International Training School, kanti abafundi bakhe, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi, kwakudingeka baqeqeshe ngaphandle kwezemidlalo. Ukukhokhwa kwakhe kwakudinga umthwalo ongathí sina, futhi ukuzivocavoca okugcoba ekamelweni kwakusheshe kuthukuthele. Ngisho nebhola, eguqulelwe izimo zegumbi, ayikwazanga ukulondoloza lesi simo. Ngalolo nyaka, idolobha laseCypsfield (eMassachusetts) laqhwaqeka ngokuqala kwekwindla. Emigwaqweni, iziqhwala zeqhwa zavutha, okwakumcasula wonke umuntu: kokubili abafundi abangenacala kanye neziphathimandla zesikhungo.

Amaviki amabili okwenziwe

Iqhawe lethu, naphezu kwentsha yakhe kanye nomnyaka wesibili womsebenzi ensimini yokufundisa, yaziwa ngokuthi i-innovator. Akumangazi ukuthi wanikezwa umsebenzi wokwakha umdlalo owawungenwa amandla angenakuphikiswa kwabafundi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Konke kwabekwa amasonto amabili kuphela.

Izidingo ezintathu eziyisisekelo

Okokuqala, umdabu oneminyaka engu-31 ubudala waseCanada wahlola okuhlangenwe nakho kweminye imidlalo yezemidlalo ukuze athathe kuphela okubaluleke kakhulu kubo. Emkhakheni wombono we-innovator weza ibhola, i-baseball, i-hockey, i-rugby kanye ne-lacrosse. Ngakho-ke, izidingo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zomdlalo omusha zadutshulwa: Amabhola ezemidlalo akufanele akalimaze abadlali (namanje kufanele athole ulwazi), umzabalazo wamandla phakathi kwabaphikisana nawo kufanele unciphise (ukudluliselwa okusheshayo kumlingani), futhi nokubeka indandatho ephakeme ngaphezu kwenhloko yabagijimi.

"Duck edwaleni"

Ayikho imidlalo emidlalweni ethandwayo yasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 eyayifanelekile izidingo ezinhle zikaNaismith. Futhi umqeqeshi wakhumbula ukuthi ebuntwaneni nabafana egcekeni abavame ukudlala nomdlalo "udada edwaleni." Imithetho yayilula: umdlali kufanele afike edwaleni phezulu "kwedwala" (elikhulu ngamatshe amakhulu.) Njengengane, umsunguli we-basketball ozayo uzobona ukuthi lowo oyinqola akayena ophonsa okhuni kunabo bonke, kodwa lowo othola umkhondo omuhle wokuphonswa. Lokhu kwakusezandleni zomfana, ngoba wayengahlonishwa ngedatha elimangalisayo le-anthropometric, nakuba wayehlakaniphile futhi enamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukujabulisa izingane kwabafana baseCanada kwafakwa ngesisekelo semidlalo emisha.

Usuku olubalulekile

NgoDisemba 21, 1896, uJacob Naismith wasusa indawo yokuzivocavoca yesikole semishini yokuzivocavoca, wasusa amapulatifomu enkuni, washiya ibhola kuphela. Wabuza lo mlindi ukuba alethe amabhokisi amabili futhi awafake emabhaleni. Kodwa esikhundleni samabhoksi, indoda yaletha amabhasikidi ama-peaches. Akukhiphi ukususa, i-Naismith yakha "imishini" engxenyeni engezansi yama-balconi avela enhlangothini ehlangene yehholo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu kuphakama - amamitha amathathu-5 amasentimitha - kusalokhu kungaguquki emithethweni ye-basketball. Icala elincane: lihlala lizoqoqa amaqembu.

Umsunguli wabiza abafundi futhi wabahlukanisa waba amaqembu amabili, ngalinye lalinabantu abangu-9. Wanikeza abadlali bakhe ibhola lebhola futhi wabatshela amabhasikithi ayeboshwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ekugcineni kwekamelo. I-Naismith elandelayo yaveza lo mbono: ithimba ngalinye kufanele liphonsa ibhola ebhasikisini labaphikisi babo. Umsindo wophiko lomsindo uzwakala, futhi umlando, owokuqala emhlabeni, umdlalo we-basketball waqala.

Umdlalo wokuqala

Kwakuzwakala ukuphela komthetho: othile kwakufanele ahlale ebhaleni bese ephonsa ibhola, enamathele ebhasikisini uma kwenzeka ukuphonsa okunembile. Kodwa-ke, ukuntuleka kwemikhombandlela kwaholela ngokushesha kubadlali ezinkingeni. Izinsana zanquma ukuthi ungakwazi ukushaya ibhola ngezinyawo zakho noma ukuthatha igobolondo isitha. Naismith akazange akwazi ukuhlukanisa abafundi bakhe. I-skirmishes yebhola yayinobuqili futhi inesabekayo ukuthi omunye wabaselula sebevele ewutholile "ukuxoshwa kwehlombe" emdlalweni wokuqala, futhi omunye wakhishwa ngaphandle. "Kwakufana nokulwa emigwaqweni noma ukulwa ngaphandle kwemithetho," njengoba umsunguli webhasikidi kamuva evunyelwe kwenye yezindiza zomsakazo.

I-Naismith ilindele ukwehluleka ngemuva komdlalo wokuqala. Cabanga ukumangala kwakhe lapho abafana bezungeza umeluleki wabo futhi becela ukuba aphinde adlale. Naphezu kobuqili, umdlalo omusha nebhola intsha ehlehlisiwe. Ngakho-ke, uthisha kwakudingeka azethule ngokuphuthumayo imingcele ethile eqinile. Kwathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuba uthisha wesiko lomzimba akwazi ukuthuthukisa imithetho engu-13, eyanyatheliswa unobhala emakhasini amabili. Lolu lwazi lwanqunywa ukuba lubhalwe odongeni lwama-gym. Ngakho, umdlali ngamunye waqala esikoleni.

Ukwethulwa kwemithetho

Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu wukuthi umdlali obambe ibhola akakwazanga ukuhlaselwa. Lezi zinto ezintsha zingasiza ekugwemeni ukuhlukunyezwa nokulwa. Umdlalo olandelayo wabonisa ukuthi uNaismith wayecabanga ngendlela efanele. Abadlali baqala ukwenza izinqumo ezisheshayo, okwabasiza ukuba benze ngokusheshisa. Kodwa-ke, ama-fouls abaphikisi, abanobhola, asele. I-Naismith ibhekwa ukuqaliswa kwesistimu yokuphonswa kwamahhala, kodwa yashiya lo mbono, eqaphela ukuthi abafundi bazokwazi ukuqonda ngokushesha indlela yokubulawa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsunguli wabhekana nenkinga entsha: abadlali abavikelayo baqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi iqhinga lokungahambi kahle libuye likhokhele izinzuzo. Ngakho-ke, waphoqeleka ukuba afake isijeziso sokufumbathisa izinkampani zeqembu. Abadlali babenqatshelwe ukubeka amabhodi abo kumabhikishi, ukushaya, ukushaya, ukugcina umphikisi ngezandla zabo nokuvimbela ukuphonsa ekuhlosweni. Ekuqaleni lo mdlalo wawuqukethe imizuzu emibili engu-15. Ngakho, ngokulingwa nephutha, iziqondiso zokuqala zokudlala ibhola ibhola.

Isihloko segeyimu

Abafundi abakhuthazwa ukuba baqambe igama lomdlalo omusha "Neismith-Ball." Kodwa-ke, umsunguli akazange afune ukunaka umuntu wakhe futhi ahlongoze igama elilodwa eliqukethe amagama amabili - "ibhola lesikwama basketball", okusho "ibhola lesikwama basketball."

Ukubuyekeza okuhle kumaphephandaba

Umphakathi jikelele wazi kahle lo mdlalo omusha ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwe-athikili yokubhaliwe kuhlelo oludumile lwe-Triangle. Ngakho ngoFebhuwari 15, 1892, lonke elaseMelika lafunda ngebhayisikili. Kulesi sihloko sasinamathele emithethweni engu-13 (ngokuzumayo othile ovela kumabhayisikobho ezemidlalo kwezinye izingxenye zezwe uzofuna ukudlala basketball ngesikhathi sokuzilibazisa.) Ekuphetheni, umbhali wencwadi wagcizelela ukufaneleka komdlalo omusha: ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga okucabangayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwemisipha eyenza leli bhola ligijime kakhulu .

I-brainchild yeNaismith yakhula ngokushesha kwezinye izikhungo zabafundi

I-Basketball isakaze emakolishi aseMelika ngesivinini somlilo wehlathi. Mhlawumbe, akekho omunye uhlobo lwezemidlalo, okwakungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke kangaka ngokushesha. Uthando ngesiyalo esisha laphinde lwabanjwa ngamantombazane. Ukuphuma endaweni yokudlala, abagijimi abasha babegqoke ama-blouses nama-bloomers. Kubonakala sengathi lo mdlalo ubonakala unomfazi owedlula ukwedlula ibhola laseMelika.

Njengoba uthisha waba umqeqeshi

Yiqiniso, uJames Naismith akazange ahlale kude nebhokisi lebhasikidi. Kakade ngo-1898 wamukelwa esikhundleni somqeqeshi wokuqala webhasikidi weqembu leyunivesithi laseKansas. Ngesikhatsi sakhe sokuqeqeshwa njengomqeqeshi, umsunguli webhola basketball wakwazi ukugcina ukuguqulwa kwemithetho yakhe engu-13. Ekugcineni, amabhodlela amaqabunga aqedwa, bese esuswa ngokuphelele ngamasongo anegridi; Ukuphonsa kwamahhala kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yomdlalo; Futhi ngo-1901 kwavela ukuqhuma (ukuqhuba ibhola). Ekuqaleni ngokwemithetho yeNaismith, inani labadlali lingahlukahluka kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-40. Nokho, ezimweni zabathile behholo elincane baqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi ukudlala 5 ngo-5 kuyindlela enhle.

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