Isiteshi Saimensky. Lake Saimaa. Vyborg Bay. emfuleni cruises

Saimaa Canal (kumephu ngezansi kuyosiza umfundi ukuba aqonde nge indawo yayo) - umsele imikhumbi phakathi eGulf of Vyborg (Russia) kanye Lake Saimaa (Finland). Vula lesi sakhiwo ngo-1856. Ubude wawuyizinkulungwane 57,3 km, zazo Russia kunesithembiso km 34 futhi Finland - 23.3 km.

Umlando sokudalwa

Imizamo yokuqala ukuxhuma eGulf of Finland neLake Saimaa abangu ungenelwe 1500 futhi 1511 ngokulandelana Governor Vyborg Eric Turesonom Belke. Umzamo esilandelayo senziwa 1600, futhi ngaleso sikhathi uzokwaziswa namantombazane amabili baye benziwa, kodwa lokho wonke. Kakade ngesikhathi sokubusa uCatherine Omkhulu ahlinzekwa uhlelo olusha - kufike emfuleni Vuoksi uxhuma Lake Saimaa ukuba Lake Ladoga, kwakhiwe Kulindeleke umsele yokuwuthola Imatra. Nokho, izindleko eliphezulu kakhulu ukuthi kwadingeka ukuba sisetshenziselwe le phrojekthi, eziye zaholela nokwenqatshwa ngokuletha plan ku kuqalisa. Ngo 1826 emhlanganweni izinkantolo idolobha Karelia futhi Savolax kwanqunywa ukuthumela deputation ka kubantukazana kuye Petersburg kuKesari ngenxa yakhe ukuze ukuxhumana Lake District nge emadolobheni asogwini. Ukwamukela nokulalela kwamaphini, uNicholas mina ngaphambilini ukwenza uphenyo oludingekayo. Nokho, ama-asethi yangempela engakaze etholakele, ngokuqondene nale babe awukaqali isiteshi laying. Ngokuzayo impikiswano eyaphakanyiswa Governor Vyborg ngo-August Ramsay ngo-1834. Inkambo Kulokhu wanika Senator L. F. Hartmann (Inhloko uhambo lwezezimali) kanye Prince Menshikov. Edolobheni Vyborg wamisa ikomiti ukuze ukulinganisa futhi uhlele le phrojekthi. Ukuze izifundo kokuqala simeme unjiniyela Swedish owaziwa. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi wakhe lwembula ukuthi amanzi echibini kukhona ngaphezu kogu lolwandle by 256 izinyawo, futhi izindleko zosizo kuyoba ruble ezigidini ezintathu. Isamba esidingekayo sabiwe izitolimende phezu iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.

Ngakho, waqala ngo-1845 wokwakha. Ngo inqubo yabo unjiniyela Swedish uNils Eriksson yenze ngcono kule plan siteshi. Ekuqaleni, inhloko inkampani wokwakha Baron Karl Rosenkampf, ngubani wathola isidlaliso "iziteshi Baron." Nokho, ngo-1846, wafa, futhi salandelwa uMajor General Stjernvall. Wonke umsebenzi wokwakha wenziwa nguMgcinimafa yaseFinland. Izindleko wawuyizinkulungwane kwezigidi ezingu 12.4 emamaki Finnish. Ubude ingqikithi ukwakhiwa - 54,5 imayela, kuphuma amabili nesishiyagalombili egwadle lamiswao kulesi sigaba.

Sakha futhi lakha, futhi ekugcineni wakha ...

Agasti 26, 1856 kwaba kuvulwa omkhulu wokwakha. Kwakuthinta siyigubhe wokugcotshwa uMbusi u-Alexander II. Finland wayeziqhenya Saimaa Canal, okwasiza ukuya ezindaweni eziwugwadule yezwe. Wanikeza charm ubuhle ekhethekile acwebile bemvelo. On the amabhange izimpawu umsele yesikhumbuzo okudweba nombhalo othi kwase kunesiqiniseko kuzilimi isiSwidi Russian, okuyinto efakwe ohlwini yonke abahilelekile ekudaleni lesi sakhiwo. Zonke ukwakhiwa kwenziwe ngendlela yasekuqaleni futhi enesibindi, kulokho umehluko ezingeni lamanzi exhunyiwe akazange egeleza siteshi okusheshayo kakhulu.

Ukuvulwa senzeka eminyakeni emine ngaphambi kuka kuhlelwe. Esinye isici ukuthi lo mkhankaso izindleko eliphansi isamba okunjalo enkulu yomsebenzi. Lapha, lezi zinto ezilandelayo wadlala indima: the sokwethembeka nokukhuthala lwabaphathi-Finnish, kanye izindleko ongaphakeme zomsebenzi, kwakunabanye iziboshwa ikakhulu ohilelekile.

Inani isiteshi

Saimaa Canal kwakubaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa kulesi sifunda. Inani labantu base-Karelia ekugcineni futhi Savolax ebugqilini okukhethekile kwencika kwezomnotho ku emathekwini akude Echibi Ladoga kanye Gulf of Bothnia (esenyakatho okuyingxenye). Izinzuzo usebenzisa le ukwakhiwa kungaba okukhulu nakakhulu uma abaphathi project sakwazi ukuqeda kokungenela kobugovu yokwamukela izivakashi abathengisi. Ngakho, ngenxa yokuthi sesaba kokulahlekelwa esinakho yabo kulo msebenzi, bona uyihlupha futhi ngezinye izindlela isiqiniseko ukuthi amandla esangweni bekulokhu kulinganiselwe. Ngenxa yalokho, zonke izitsha ngomkhumbi ngale ndlela kufanele abe nobubanzi umzimba amamitha hhayi ezingaphezu kweziyisikhombisa. Uma kungenjalo, zonke izimpahla kwadingeka ukuba transshipped e Vyborg ukulingana okufanayo izidingo imikhumbi. Ngale ndlela, amafemu eziningana yomthengisi ukunikeza esinakho emazweni angaphandle. Futhi, ngenxa yalokho, le Saimaa Canal kusukela Vyborg walahlekelwa kakhulu ngokubaluleka kwayo sokuthuthukiswa esifundeni. Nokho, kamuva, ngesikhathi kuvuselelwa lesi sakhiwo, ububanzi esangweni kakhulu anda.

Lake Saimaa e pre-wamavukelambuso iziqondiso Russian

Ngo-1870 kwatholakala ngokusebenzisa isevisi umgibeli wesitimela phakathi Petersburg Helsinki. Lo mcimbi litholakale izindawo zomphakathi ezinhle kakhulu eningizimu yeFinland. zokuxhumana sesitimela akuniké sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Karelian Isthmus futhi yonke indawo ezizungezile. Kube baqala ukuvela nemizana zokungcebeleka eyayakha sanatoriums, emigwaqweni ewubhuqu wabeka ukuxhumanisa i ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe. A indima enkulu entuthukweni entsha yalesi sifunda abadlale Saimaa Canal. Manje, alenzanga nje sokuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane ukuhweba. Cruises zithandwa eFinland iChibi Saimaa futhi impophoma Imatra. Ngakho, lezi zindawo aseqalile iwe ezincwadini Russian echaza ezikhumbuzo yamasiko ndawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona izincwadi okuhloswe ngazo popularization kolwazi mayelana esifundeni futhi ukukhuthaza zalo ezikhangayo, kanye nekwakha isithombe esisha. Ikhishwe iziqondiso ekhethekile ezichaza Saimaa Canal nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Iningi lazo zinelwazi imizila womgwaqo, iziteshi leposi, isheduli lwemikhumbi nezitimela, ulwazi mayelana amahhotela, kanye lapho ukuqasha amahhashi, zokungcebeleka kanye Spas, nokuningi. Konke lokhu kufakazela ukuthi ngaphambi inguquko, ulwazi mayelana into njengoba abalulekile ezikhangayo Finland yaziwa kahle. Uhambo ngokusebenzisa Saimaa Canal kwakuyinsakavukela for abathanda ongaphandle.

ukuphila Country ku emseleni

I Villas wokuqala kwaqala ukuvela lapha esikhathini ukwakhiwa. izigaba Channel ezazisemizini ukusetshenziswa esemthethweni abangu ehlotshiswe ekutshaleni, yayisetshenziswa njengomuzi wokuphumula umfutho ukuze eqashisa ngamafulethi komhlaba ukuze iqashwe noma ukwakhiwa Cottages. Ngaphezu ubuhle bemvelo, ukuzilibazisa udumo endaweni nomthelela ukuxhumana okuhle olunikezwa motor izitsha wahlanganyela umfula cruises kanye nokudlulisela phambili lo mfula. Futhi ngokushesha izakhamuzi ocebile Vyborg futhi Petersburg, ezakhiwe wagudla ugu isiteshi Nuyamaa echibini. Ngo Ryattiyarvi kwaba villa zikanokusho kunazo okuqondene UNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle Russian Von Giersu. Lakhiwa omunye onjiniyela owaba nengxenye ukwakhiwa komsele. Cottages Iningi wama phandle ngobungcweti bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zabo, base zazihlotshiswe ngazo imibhoshongo, balcony, ezitsheni, sebephila manicured izingadi olunzulu gazebos futhi zinsika. Amagama yezindlu kukhona romantic, kanye ebusweni babo zangaphandle, "Runolinna", "Rauhantaranta", "Onnela", "Iloranta" ... Isidingo izindlu ezithengiswayo kule ndawo yayihluke kakhulu kangangokuba isibe inzuzo ukwakha ngokuqasha. Saimaa Canal ukuthi isikhathi Villas abadumile, kodwa futhi emafeni amakhulu hhayi kuphela. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke lezi yigama Lavola, it fanele kuze uhlobo lwe Cheseff futhi yayisesigodini emlonyeni into. Manor Villas akha Ensemble colorful kakhulu, umkhathi lapha kwaba mnandi, ngamazwe. River Cruises, amakhonsathi, ukuvakasha kanye uhamba enlivened ukuphila komphakathi, inikeza amaholide ukuvela okuningi namathuba yamaholo izakhamuzi zendawo. Nokho, emva kwempi zokuphila ezweni zabhuntsha, futhi nalo Saimaa Canal. Tours ku akuseyona nesithakazelo kule bohemia Russian.

antitank izithiyo

Ngokuqinisekile amacebo Jikelele Abasebenzi Finnish amabutho ahlomile ku namathathu banesifo esibi sokukhohlwa leminyaka elidlule, lokhu emanzini lalibhekwa njengento ngendlela kungenzeka ukuhlela supply yempi. Ngokuhambisana nepulani kulindeleke lempi isenzo ukuba bagxile Karelian Isthmus. Kanjalo-ke, ngo-1939, yaphawula ukuthi isiteshi kungenzeka angabi khona indawo yezimpi phakathi no extra umsebenzi ophuthumayo. Kwakuyisikhathi isithiyo sina ngokusebenzisa isiteshi ezijulile. Ngakho-ke kwakungewona wanquma ukulisebenzisa i anti-ukuzivikela. Umphumela kwangiphatha Ugcwalise izindawo eziningi kule ndawo elinamachibi Kyarstila Lyukyulya ventel. Le ndawo ingqikithi ezindaweni enezikhukhula kwaba amakhilomitha square amathathu nanhlanu. Esikhathini inkathi 1941-1944 isiteshi e impi akazange iqhaza.

navigation Ukubuyisela

Ngenxa yokuthi isivumelwano sokuthula ayimisa phakathi i-Soviet Union Finland, washiya Vyborg Bay endaweni yase-USSR, futhi esibonakalayo phakathi isiteshi zibe izingxenye ezimbili, zafa zaphela-ke umsebenzi. Ngo ngemva kwempi ngoba resumption of navigation edingekayo hhayi kuphela ukufeza kwezakhiwo imishini agugile, kodwa futhi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni zamazwe amabili ekusetshenzisweni lokhu umzimba ngamanzi. Ngokokuqala ngqá leli impikiswano eyaphakanyiswa e-1948, kodwa izingxoxo leyahlukahlukene olusemthethweni yaze yaqala ngo-1954. Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano eSoviet Union washiya iqembu onjiniyela Finnish ukufunda isimo mfula. Ochwepheshe baye baphetha ngokuthi iziteshi emfuleni insimu Soviet kuyinto ngempela efanelekayo ukubuyiselwa navigation kubo. Nokho, umsebenzi kule ndawo waqala emva kweminyaka eyishumi nantathu emva izinhlangothi ezimbili ekugcineni bafika ngazwilinye isinqumo izimpikiswano sokuqasha. Ngo-1968, umsebenzi uphela yaqedwa. Ngokuhamba ke kwanezelwa kakhulu komkhawulokudonsa amakhono Ilokhi emakamelweni.

Cruise - I Saimaa Canal

Lappeenranta - spa edolobheni eFinland. Ukukhanga ke sinikezwa Ukudla echibini, ogwini elithize abengumsunguli, kanye Saimaa Canal. Trip ngesikebhe ala machibi - into nje ukuthi izivakashi ezivela eRussia. Phela, lo nguye kuphela Russian mfula maphakathi nezwe lapho imikhumbi angaya ezinkampanini zamazwe angaphandle. Passenger imikhumbi wahlanganyela ku emfuleni Cruises, ethwele izivakashi kusukela Russian Federation futhi Finland. Ngaphambili, ngokuvumelana inkontileka ka-1963, abagibeli abafika bevela eFinland kubambana nelive letfu lokufanako, banelungelo visa-free entry. Nokho, ne ukubusa eRiphabhuliki Schengen Agreement, lesi sivumelwano kukhanselwe. Manje, abagibeli ziyadingeka ukuthola ama-visa. Nokho, lapho zidingeka kuphela uma uma umkhumbi izwe Russia, isibonelo, abatshalwé ngoba zabo kuyiwe Vyborg. Uma cruise isikebhe esisuka Finland ungafaki ukuvakashelwa emathekwini isiRashiya, kungekho-visa liyadingeka. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhumbi "Christina Brahe" sidlule insimu yezwe lethu, okwenza izindiza phakathi Lappeenranta kanye Helsinki, futhi umkhumbi "Karelia" - phakathi Vyborg futhi Lappeenranta.

Izikhangibavakashi ngemehlo izivakashi

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi abaningi eminyakeni izothatha like cruise izindiza. Phela, Finns, ngubani ongathanda ukubona izinto Saimaa Canal, kungabi kuningi futhi izivakashi zethu ngisho kancane. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuba iqiniso lokuthi Ithikithi lendlela eyodwa imayelana amathathu euro. Uhambo kuwufanele imali.

Umzila obuphelele ingamakhilomitha angu-amane nantathu, kodwa akhawunti kuphuma ayisishiyagalombili baba. Lapho umkhumbi phezu Saimaa Canal kuyalinqoba wokuqala wabo - kumnandzi. Nokho, ku-lalisemzileni yesithathu uqala ezikhulayo ukucasuka abakwazi ukulinda ngenxa lwesishiyagalombili, uma kakade phezu, kodwa namanje ezithakazelisayo. Lapho isikebhe ifinyelela okuthunyelwe umngcele Nuiyamaa iqala kokuhlola imibhalo. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe is kuhlangene - Imoto namanzi. Uma uzithola emkhunjini kule nkampani zezivakashi Finnish, sizimisele yokuthi ngokuvamile behave fana iningi AmaRashiya: uqale ukuphuza iziphuzo eqinile ngaphambi umkhumbi uqhela ebhentshini elingaphezulu saze sayofika. izivakashi eziningi ngokukhethekile ithikithi ukuze cruise, echaza ukuthi emkhunjini kukhona esitolo "duty-free '. Uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi Finland ngotshwala napryazhenka, ukuziphatha ngaleyo ndlela izinto uqondakala kahle. Phakathi jikelele ukuphuza iziqondiso bephuthaza uzama ukudweba baqaphelise umphakathi ngokungabi indaba emiseleni, izingidi nezinye ezikhangayo. Futhi kukhona okufanayo, yini ukubona - isiteshi enhle kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, eduze Vyborg engu- amabhuloho yakhe kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu - ujantshi komgwaqo. Zonke izinhlelo navigation eyakhelwe egwadle zezinsika obuchaywe iziqhingi. Ingxenye isiteshi eliqoshwe idwala, enye ingxenye has a ngobumnene ezitshekile olunesihlabathi nge ezinkulu. Kanye isiteshi ikhula ihlathi obukhulu, okuyinto lihambisana rocks amafomu amahle kakhulu kwezwe. I-Russian ingxenye ixazululwe ngokuphelele, eduze Vyborg namanje uhlangabezana maqhugwane enesizungu, bese kuba ehlane. Okuwukuphela endaweni ethakazelisayo - endaweni umngcele lapho umzila sihamba ngesikhathi Lappeenranta. Ngokuphambene isithombe okuphambene kwi-Finnish ingxenye: lapha imizana atholakala ngokushesha ngemva okuseshwa. Kundawo Lappeenranta, engakafiki esangweni zokugcina, ichweba elikhulu ku lo mfula - Saimaa esigungwini. Kube Kwenziwa ukulayisha / athula of imikhumbi yezimpahla. Imithwalo lingama kuthabathela ecaleni Russian - kuze kufinyelele amathani kwezigidi ezimbili ngonyaka.

echibini Saimaa

Lapho umkhumbi Onqobayo esangweni zokugcina, ingena Saimaa echibini. Into yokuqala unayo imibono - it is a uginindela nephepha lokugaya elikhulu kakhulu. Umqondisi wethu ngeqholo kusitshela ukuthi kukhona izinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye abantu. Yileyo "simangaliso" impucuko onakala umbono kusukela hambo, kukhubaza Lappeenranta thola isimo egcwele izivakashi. Phela, inkampani, ngisho noma ifakwe yesimanje ukwelashwa izindawo, kusenzima ton imfucuza zokulahla emanzini echibini, okwenza kube engafanele ebhukuda ngaphakathi endaweni engaba amakhilomitha amaningana kweshumi. Futhi iyini ezithakazelisayo kakhulu izithombe ezikulezi zincwajana izivakashi uthi lutho mayelana nokuba khona isitshalo lapha. Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke: phambi plant ifektri okunoshukela ephinde kwenza ulahla echibini, akumangalisi-ke kuyinto endaweni ibhizinisi ihlanganiswa ngokugcwele utshani. Futhi lapha, Isimanga siwukuthi, main izivakashi eziyinkimbinkimbi itholakala - "Huhtiniemi" - futhi ehhotela ehlobo "Karelia-Park '. Eduze "kocingo" nge ifektri candy kuwufanele eyodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe - "Saimaa". Yiqiniso, yena ubheka ezinye zomile, eyihlane, njengomuntu ngokulambisa ukugcina ontanta emadolobheni amancane amahhotela Soviet-inkathi. Kukhona ogwini, iqiniso, ukuze uthole amanzi, kuyodingeka ukunqoba amahlozi aluhlaza noma zama sidlule ibhuloho ekhethekile, okuyinto, by the way, abahlukaniswe ngokwengxenye yazo ephakathi nendawo, kodwa ngemva umuntu ikhefu zisize ukubeka ebhodini. Nayi resort!

Lappeenranta

Ukukhanga okuyinhloko kweLappeenranta yiSikhumbuzo seMikhumbuzo, esivela maphakathi nedolobha. Lapha ungabona amathuna amasosha afile phakathi no-1939-1940 no-1941-1944. Futhi yikuphi okuthakazelisayo kakhulu, bonke abangcwatshwayo ngabanye, akukho ukumbelwa kwabazalwane. Emathuneni kukhona isikhumbuzo sabasosha, ababizwa ngokuthi bevela ensimini ye-Karelian Isthmus (namuhla yindawo yeRussian Federation). Iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - izithombe nezigcwale ezinamagama ezindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zamasosha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, phakathi kwazo kukhona amaRashiya. Ikakhulukazi kakhulu phakathi kwabantu baseTeriyok (iZelenogorsk). Eqinisweni, akukho okunye okubonwayo lapha. Idolobha linombukiso wanamuhla, eligcinwe kahle futhi livuselelwa njalo. Kukhona okunye okumele ukwenze lapho. Ebusuku, iLappeenrante ilele, zonke izitolo zivaliwe, ungathola kuphela izitshalo ezithengisa ama-hamburgers nezinye ukudla okufanayo. Lapha, ngisho nesakhiwo sesiteshini sivaliwe kuze kufike kusikhombisa ekuseni. Ukuhamba emigwaqweni engenalutho ebusuku, kubonakala ukuthi kungani amaFinn "ehlukana" ezweni lethu.

Imatra

Leli dolobha lihluke ngokuphelele neLappeenranta, umlando walo mfushane kakhulu. Yasungulwa ngo-1948 futhi isiseduze nomngcele neRussia ukuthi amanethiwekhi asekhaya asekhaya abanjwe lapha. Kutholakale i-Imatra emthonjeni we-Vuoksa. Amabhizinisi amakhulu ale dolobha isitshalo se-metallurgical kanye nesiteshi samandla kagesi. Nokho, ngokungafani neLappeenranta, azikho izakhiwo zezimboni ogwini lolwandle. Kukhona izikhumbuzo ezimbili eziyingqayizivele lapha: okokuqala kuzinikezelwe ku-turbine, kanti okwesibili - ukusekelwa komugqa wamandla. Ukukhangiswa okuyinhloko kwezokuvakasha yi-Imatrakoski yamanzi okufakelwa. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesiteshi se-hydroelectric, kwakungokwemvelo, ngezikhathi zangaphambi kokuguquka, ama-bohemians aseRussia ayebathanda ukuza lapha futhi ahloniphe imvula yamanzi. Manje lapha amanzi ahlelwe esimisweni, lokhu kuvela "okukhangayo" kwe-Imatra. Ukukhangwa kwesibili yi-Crown Park, esekelwe esiqhingini esahlukanisa iVuoksi endala kanye nendawo. Ipaki yasungulwa yisimemezelo sikaMbusi Nicholas I, owayala ukuthi i-gully nezindawo ezizungezile zihlale zingashintshi. Idolobha lase-Imatra likhangeleka kakhulu kunezivakashi kunaseLappeenrante, kunamahhotela angokwesimanje, izindawo zokuzilibazisa, nabathandi bokudoba bayoba nethuba elihle lokuchitha isikhathi esingalindeleki ogwini lwaseLake Saimaa.

I-Saimaa Canal: ukudoba

Ukudoba echibini kuhle kakhulu unyaka wonke. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinhlanzi ziyi-pike, i-perch, i-lake saumon, i-trout. Abantu basendaweni abahlanganyeli ekudobeni, naphezu kokuthi i-roach lapha ihamba ngokuya ngasogwini, i-Finns ngandlela-thile ayiyisebenzisi ukudla. Iningi labakhenkethi bayalibamba eRussia. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo yentwasahlobo kusetshenziswe kangcono yi-salmon kanye ne-trout. Le pike ibanjwa unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-burbot, ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ukuklanywa kanye nokulinganisela. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu be-reservoir, akulula ukubona ukuthi inhlanzi yayifihla kuphi. Kodwa-ke, umdobi onolwazi uzobuya njalo esuka eSaima enokubamba okuhle. Imvelo lapha ihlanzekile futhi ingenangqondo, iqondisa ukuqiniswa, ilahla ukuzindla nokucabangela. Kuzonikezwa iholide elihle!