Amalungu okugaya: ukugaya nokufana

Ukugaya isisindo sonke esingenza ngokungazi, lo mzimba ngokwawo ezingeni lokucabanga. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke umbuzo womuntu onokuzibuza ukuthi "Kuyini ukugaya?" Kusemthethweni yini. Kusukela ekuboneni udokotela, lokhu kuyindlela yokucubungula ukudla, umzimba kanye namakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokho, kunokwenzeka ukuthi kutholakale izinto, kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza.

Izitho zokugaya yizitho ezingenalutho ezikhulumayo, ezixhaswe ngezingqungquthela, ezisiza ukubhubhisa izibopho zamakhemikhali ezintweni. Isibonelo, ama-carbohydrate amazambane nama-carbohydrate wesinkwa asesimweni se-starch, awakwazi ukugaya kuze kube yilapho ama-molecule we-starch echithwa ku-glucose. Iprotheyini yenyama, nayo, ayikwazi ukufana nayo-kuyadingeka ukuba uyiqede zibe izingxenye - ama-amino acids (lapho umzimba ungakha khona amaprotheni awo). Amafutha ngokwawo awakwazi ukuvela ngaphakathi kwemvelo yomzimba - kuphela ngemva kokugcoba ama-acids amafutha ne-glycerin.

I-physiology yokugaya kungukuthi izinto ezingaphakathi komzimba, isibonelo, azitholakali emzimbeni womzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu kumele bahambisane nokuguqulwa okuningi. Futhi-ke nge-mucous encane kukhona ukumuncwa. Amalungu okugaya ahlanganisa nesibindi, izigulane ezinomunwe kanye nama-pancreas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odongeni lwezitho zokugaya kunezinhlayiya ezikhiqiza izinto ezidingekayo zokugaya. Zonke izindonga zimbozwe nge-mucus, ngaleyo ndlela ukunciphisa amathuba okulimaza amagobolondo eethenda.

Ngomuthi, ukudla kuphathwa ngamazinyo, bese kuhlanganiswa ngamathe. I-sali ifihliwe ngamabhuloki amathathu wezingqimba ezinkulu nezincane ezincane. Kulesi sakhiwa kukhona izingxenye eziphilayo, amaminerali kanye nemikhiqizo yokubola kwama-leukocyte. Kodwa into eyinhloko - iqukethe ama-enzyme amabili - i-ptyalin (inquma isitashi) ne-maltase (ihlukanisa ushukela we-rye, ibhali, njll). Kusukela emlonyeni ngomphimbo, ukudla kungena kulesisindo.

I-hoop is tube, okungabizwa ngokuthi iqonde ngqo. Ihlanganiswe ne- epithelium flat multilayered . Lawa maseli avuselelwa njalo, njengoba kulula kakhulu ukulimaza. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenzeka emigqeni ejulile, kuyilapho ingxenye yangaphandle idutshulwa futhi iphonswe esiswini kanye nokudla. Ku-submucosa kunezinombolo ezincane zezigulane - i-esophagus gland. Eduze esiswini zifana nesisindo esisekelwe ngaphakathi esiswini, sithwala izigulane zenhliziyo. Ekuqaleni kwesifo kukhona imisipha eminingi, kodwa engxenyeni engezansi kunezinhlanzi ezihamba phambili kuphela. Inqubo yokugwinya iqala ngokucophelela, kodwa ke impendulo ye-reflex ivuliwe. Ngemuva kwesisu, ukudla kuthathwa yizitho zokugaya ezifana nesisu kanye namathumbu.

Isisu sisebenza njengomxube omuhle kakhulu ngenxa ye-musculature ethuthukile. Kulesi sitho, ukugaya amaprotheni kuqala ngosizo lwe- enzyme pepsin, amabhaktheriya abulawa yi-hydrochloric acid. Ngenxa yokugaya esiswini , kutholakala okuqukethwe okukodwa okumanzi okukodwa - i-chyme. Amanye amasafula, amanzi, utshwala, neminye imithi nayo ixhumayo kuyo. Isisu sikhiqiza into ephikisana ne-anemic.

Ngemuva kokuba ukudla kungene emathunjini amancane. Ubude bayo buphakathi kwamamitha ayisithupha. I-30 cm yokuqala yi-duodenum. Ihlanganiswe nezitho ezingomakhelwane futhi iyahamba ngekhanda lama-pancreas. Khona-ke sidlula singene esikhunjeni, bese kuthiwa i-ileum. Emathunjini amancane , inqubo yokugaya isiphelile, futhi imikhiqizo yokugaya ekhethiwe igxila egazini nase-lymph. Emathunjini amancane kunezinhlelo ezikhethekile - i-villi, eyandisa kakhulu indawo yokuluthwa. Kulesi sigaba samathumbu, amathanga asebindi (bile) kanye nokugeleza kwe-pancreas. Ngenxa yalokho, lapha ukuthi ama-carbohydrates, amafutha kanye nama-proteine ekugcineni agaywa futhi agaywe. Futhi amafutha afika ngokushesha ku-lymph, ehlangene negazi.

Emathunjini amakhulu, ukugaya kwezinsalela kuphelile, kepha sekuvele "kubodwa" amabhaktheriya we-putrefactive. Amanzi aphethwe ngamanzi, futhi konke okunye ukudla kutholakala ukufana kwemifino. Esigabeni sokugcina, i-rectum yomsebenzi obalulekile ulindele ithuba lokususwa enkambisweni yokuhlonza. Ngakho iphetha inqubo yokugaya ukudla. Kubalulekile kuzo zonke izitho zokugaya, kuphela umsebenzi wabo odidiyelwe ongasiza amaseli omzimba ukuba avuselelwe ngenxa yokutholakala kwezinto zokwakha zamaseli.