Ithini inombolo saseBhabhiloni?

Mathematics, isayensi, nasemhlabeni kukhona ngenxa eMpumalanga yasendulo. Akukho usuku oluqondile ukuthi ivelaphi, kodwa cishe zonke isimo esisodwa Eastern kwadingeka saziwa simiso ukubala izindlela futhi ukubala. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngamathonya lo mkhuba izinombolo waseBhabhiloni, cabanga zobuciko abavubukuli, eqinisekisa khona kwabo kanye ukuhlola umthelela wabo ukuqhubeka isayensi.

ukungena

umbuso waseBhabhiloni waqala ukuphila layo ku II yeminyaka, wawa ngo-539 BC. Phakathi nale nkathi, esifundeni esisempumalanga ukwenze igxathu elikhulu e ezicini eziningi zokuphila, ukugxila izakhiwo kanye astronomy. Kodwa ukuze sekwakhiwe e ukuzinza nokuqina kwayo ukuze okwashiwo zasemkhathini zingaqoshwa nokuhlaziwa, izibalo adingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni impuncuko entsha eMesophothamiya kukhona izinombolo waseBhabhiloni.

Njengoba isimo yayakhiwe amanxiwa olwalukhona lapha Sumer futhi-Akkad, nezizwe ezinamandla kakhulu, ezisunguliwe nokufeza yesayensi ngaphambili yasiza abaseBhabhiloni ukuba abe uhlanga athuthukiswe futhi okuqhubekayo.

umbuso waseBhabhiloni uhlelo izinombolo

Lapho uqala ukubheka inombolo aseBabiloni kanye inhlangano neSonto LamaRoma, njengoba isimiso amarekhodi abo kucishe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ilula kakhulu. Uhlelo isebenzisa izinhlamvu ezimbili kuphela: insingo iqonde, okubonisa iyunithi nokuqamba amanga blade, okulinganiselwa ngineminyaka eyishumi.

Ukubhala izinombolo kusuka 1 kuya 9 isetshenziswa kuphela uhlamvu lokuqala, futhi bonke ababehamba-okwalandela, ukusebenzisa ezinye inhlanganisela amagejambazo ezimbili. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlelo inombolo kwaba sexagesimal futhi yahlukaniswa ibhithi ohambelana, futhi akwenzekanga ngephutha. division Senary eBhabhiloni eboshiwe Sumerians, futhi khona nedlanzana - Akkadians. izinombolo kwesikhathi waseBhabhiloni ayimpinda ngesi-Arabhu, isi-Latin, nesiGreki, futhi kwaba yisisekelo kubalwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, thina uhlukanise ihora libe imizuzu engu-60 futhi njalo ngeminithi ku-60 amasekhondi.

Ubunzima sezibalo saseBabiloni

Njengoba singabona ethebuleni, uchungechunge zezinombolo eBhabhiloni lasendulo ephela ngo-59, njengoba uhlelo kwaba sexagesimal. Kodwa empucukweni ephambili enjalo ayikwazanga kungagcini mali kwamadijithi? Impela kufanele abahloniphe. Babel ababebalelwa izinombolo Kusolwa izibalo ezinkulu, okuyinto namuhla esikubiza ngokuthi amathathu-, amane kanye idijithi emihlanu.

Njengoba isibonelo, ake ingxenye kusuka 60 kuya 120. Ukuze inombolo 60 esetshenziswa ikhaba efanayo yeThimba, emikhulu kuphela. Ngemva kukushiya isikhala esithe xaxa ukuze uqhubeke ukuqopha lonke inani. It ekugcineni yaba umthombo ukudideka, ngezinye izikhathi bengaqondi ngisho abantu basendulo. Omunye Akekho owaziyo ochwepheshe ingqondo kanjani eziphukile ngubani eloba lezi zobuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaseBhabhiloni akazange abe ekuqaleni, kodwa kwakungeke kakhulu lula lokubhala izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Kusukela ukudideka oda

Ukuze ufunde izinombolo eBhabhiloni ngo eziningana kwamanye amasistimu sibalo, nje ukukhumbula izinhlamvu ezimbili. Ukuze ufunde kahle kubo futhi inganquma isamba kumele ayejwayele isimiso positional. Kithi, lokhu kungekho inkinga enkulu, ngoba kukhona eyodwa Positioning System ezweni lanamuhla. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi indawo obuhlukahlukene izinombolo kuthinte lokho okushiwo inombolo. Ngiyavuma, uma thina ushintshashintsha 1 no-7 phakathi 17, bese umphumela kuba ihluke kakhulu. Kodwa ngenxa abantu basendulo babengazi kwakungeyona sobala kangako, ngoba izibalo ngaphambili kuhlanganise isikhundla kwakungasho lutho lokho. AbaseBhabhiloni ngamaphayona okuqala emlandweni wesintu baye baqonda ukuthi asikho isidingo ukudala izinhlamvu eziningi ngokubhalela kwabo ngezikhathi. Engingakusho nje ezimbili, ukubaluleka okuyinto kuzoncika isikhundla.

EBhabhiloni "amanothibhuku"

Esikhathini uthi phakathi iTigrisi nababusi Ewufrathe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kungani abantu abavamile kakhulu abafundile, kodwa bayezwana zazingenawo isici esisodwa - ephepheni. EGibhithe lalisetshenziswa indawo ngesitshalo sebungu, zaveza izinhlamvu lasendulo nezimpawu, futhi irekhodi waseBabiloni izinombolo kanye namagama, izithombe olwenziwa ezibhebheni zobumba.

Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-cuneiform, futhi empeleni yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi ngenkathi ubumba elithambile, ngensimbi blade lokhuni olukulesi libonisa izinhlamvu oyifunayo, abese simisiwe. Plates babe usayizi ezahlukene, ukujiya kanye izinga. Kuye ngalezi zinkomba waloba imithetho nezimiso, imisebenzi yesayensi, noma izindaba zabantu abavamile, imibono yabo kanye nezigameko kusukela ukuphila.

Umlando kanye Science

Namuhla, kukhona ngokwahlukana ecacile yemisebenzi ku lobuchwepheshe, ulwazi ngeziphansi wezibalo, i-physics kanye nezinye natural sciences, futhi humanities, lapho indima esemqoka eyadlalwa izilimi, izincwadi, umlando kanye nefilosofi. Lapho khona athuthukile yamandulo, zonke lezi imikhakha akuzona eduze kuphela okwakuthandelene, kodwa bakha ebumbene, ukunika amandla abantu ukuba bathole ulwazi olusha. kakade Sixoxe kafushane ngezimfanelo ngesihloko ezifana umlando wezibalo, futhi ngingathanda ukuba embule ambalwa izikhathi.

Kungenxa yokuthi izwe Eastern asendulo ayenamagama ilungelo lokuba sombuso impucuko izwe, kwakufanele bonyana enze ukubala konke. Kusenesikhathi kwabonakala emnothweni, eyayisekelwe izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi uchungechunge lwezinombolo kanye nokusebenza kanye nezinombolo. izilinganiso zokusanhlamvu nokusanhlamvu Were, kulinganiswa ensimini endaweni bebefanele nesisindo kwemigomo izakhiwo. ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa ukufunda izinkanyezi. Phambili ukukhuthaza ucwaningo kulo mkhakha amafomula lokuqala zenzelwe, ebalwa ngu ibanga izinkanyezi azibonayo namaplanethi. Ezinye zalezi ososayensi zisasetshenziswa ngefomethi zinjalo.

Namuhla sithi wezibalo - ngesisekelo physics, chemistry kanye astronomy, kodwa empeleni wayevela esisekelweni lezi sciences ekhona, njengoba kukhona yayidingeka ngempela.