Iyini i-modems? Isimiso sokusebenza. Izinhlobo ze-modem

Uma uqala ukuxhuma ikhompuyutha ephathekayo noma ikhompyutha yakho ku-intanethi kusuka kubasebenzisi abangakwazi ukuqonda, umbuzo uvame ukuphakama: "Ziyini i-modems futhi kungani zidingwa?" Lesi sihloko sizohlukanisa imodemu, kanye ne-algorithm yokufaka nokucushwa kwayo, Yikuphi, ngaphandle kokuthola ubunzima obukhulu, isazi sekhompiyutha sokuqala sizokwazi ukukhetha nokwenza leyo divayisi isebenze.

Kuyini?

Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izimodemu. Lokhu kuyisici esikhethekile kukhompyutha eyenzelwe ukuyixhuma kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Igama elithi "modem" lakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa amagama amabili. Okokuqala kulawa yi-modulator. Ngakho nge-elekthronikhi ibizwa ngokuthi isifunda esikhethekile, esihlanganisa isibonakaliso. Futhi eyesibili i-demodulator. Okusho ukuthi, idivaysi eyenza isenzo, isinqamuleli se-modulator. Omunye wabo ubhalisa futhi uthumele isignali, futhi owesibili uthola futhi aguqulwe. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube yamuva, amakhompiyutha amaningi ayexhunywe kwi-Intanethi esebenzisa izintambo zocingo. Manje isimo sesishintshile, futhi kancane kancane sichithwa ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba semakethe ngamakhadi enethiwekhi. Bahamba ngesivinini esiphezulu, futhi iningi labo linamathele nabo. Kodwa nokho kukhona amamodeli angenantambo angakabi nenye indlela yangempela.

Udinga nini?

Manje sizoqonda ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo. Empeleni, kungaba khona izikhathi ezintathu. Owokuqala kubo manje uphelalala kancane kancane esikhathini esidlule. Iqukethe ukuthi ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu nale divayisi kanye nomzila wocingo uxhumeka kwi-intanethi. Manje ishintshwa ngamakhadi enethiwekhi. Futhi izindleko ziphansi, futhi ijubane liphindwe izikhathi eziningana. Futhi ukwethenjelwa kokuxhumeka kulokhu kuwuhlelo lokubaluleka okungcono. Kodwa ngenxa yesistimu ye "Client-Bank" leyo divayisi iyadingeka ngokuphelele (icala lesibili). Ngosizo lwalo, i-akhawuntiant ixhuma kuseva yesikhungo sezezimali. Ngaphandle kokushiya ehhovisi, angadlulisa imali noma ahlole ukutholakala kwezimali ku-akhawunti. Isivinini esiphezulu kulokhu akudingekile. Kodwa ukuvikelwa kokuxhumeka kuyadingeka ezingeni elifanele. Manje izinhlangano eziningi kule fomethi zisebenza ngamabhange. Icala lokugcina, lapho imodemu ifunwa, uma umuntu ehamba kakhulu. Udinga uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olungenantambo. Kulesi simo, umbuzo: "Ziyini i-modems, futhi kungani zidingeka?" - zivela ngokwazo. Ngosizo lwezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe, le ndaba ayikwazi ukuxazululwa.

Ngendlela yokubulawa

Ngendlela yokubulawa, la madivayisi ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: zangaphakathi (okungukuthi, efakwe ngaphakathi kweyunithi yesistimu yekhompuyutha) nangaphandle (ukuxhuma leyo divayisi, isandiso sokwandisa kwekhompyutha, i-laptop noma ithebhulethi isetshenzisiwe). Kokugcina, udinga ukufaka i-hardware switchgg switch (uma ikhona) endaweni efanele. Kule ndaba, umbuzo olandelayo kufanele uvele ngokucacile: "Iyiphi imodi ye-modem?" Ayigugu noma i-analogue - inqunywa yi-signal yocingo. Kumamodemu angenantambo kuphela owokuqala ayatholakala. Wonke amanethiwekhi weselula asebenza kuphela kule namba. Ngakho-ke, amadivaysi angenawaya onjalo angashintshi. Kumele kuqashelwe iphuzu elilodwa. Emabhodini omama asebekhulile ayehlanganisiwe (ie soldered) amadivaysi afanayo. Kodwa manje ayisatholakali kuma-computer amasha.

Ngokuxhumeka

Isigaba sesibili, esasetshenziselwa kabanzi kuze kube yimanje, sisekelwe endleleni yokuxhumana. Ngokuhambisana nawo la madivaysi ahlukaniswe abe wired and wireless. Esikhathini sokuqala, isixhumi esikhethekile sinikezwa lapho ucingo lwefoni lufakiwe khona. Emadivayini amadala, ungase ukhulume efonini noma usebenze ku-intanethi. Manje kukhona ukuguqulwa okukhethekile kwamadivayisi anjalo. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlale ku-intanethi futhi ukhulume efonini ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lena imodemu ye-ADSL. Kuyini? I-converter ekhethekile ehlukanisa ingxoxo kanye nesignali esithunyelwe emafetheni ahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, imifudlana emibili yedatha iyadluliselwa phezu kwekhebula elifanayo. Esikhathini sesibili, ukudluliswa kwedatha kunikezwa yimisebe yombane ngaphandle kwama-wire.

Ngohlobo lwamanethiwekhi asekelwayo

Lolu khetho luhlukanisa kuphela amadivayisi angenantambo. Ngokusho kwalo, yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: GSM (futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-2G), i-3G ne-LTE (elinye igama lingu-4G). Zonke zazo zihambelana emuva. Okungukuthi, i-3G ingasebenzisa kalula inethiwekhi ye-GSM. Futhi, abasebenzisi bayamangala ngokuthi iyiphi imodemu ye-USB. Kungenxa yale fomu-factor ukuthi iningi lalezi zilinganiso zenziwe. Ekubukeni, kuyidrayivu ye-flash enikeza ukudluliswa kwedatha okungenantambo. Kusobala ukuthi ifakwe isitifiketi se-SIM khadi. Ixhunywe kumxhumeli we-USB oxubile kumakhompuyutha.

Abakhiqizi

Abakhiqizi besimo semishini enjalo bangahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala yalezi zimpawu zokuhweba ezingabizi futhi ezingaziwa, ezifaka iSierra (intengo yabo iqala kusukela kuma-ruble angu-180) kanye ne-Sprint (izindleko zamadivayisi anama-ruble angu-120-150). Kodwa iklasi lesibili yilawa madivayisi athandwa kakhulu futhi aphezulu. Zithengiswa ngaphansi kwe-Pantech ne-Huawei. Intengo yabo kakade i-ruble 600 noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa lokhu kuyiqiniso kumadivayisi angenantambo. Lokhu kuvame ukuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi imodemu ye-3G iyini. Lena yinkoni encane (efana ne-flash drive yangaphandle), lapho iSIM khadi yomqhubi weselula efakwe khona, futhi i-exchange exchange data ne-Inthanethi inikezwa yona. Futhi, phakathi kwamadivaysi aphikisiwe izikhundla ezihola zihlala "D-Link" ne "A-Corp." Kunconywa ukuthi unake lapho uthenga idivayisi enjalo. Intengo yamanye amamodeli walesi sigaba iqala kusukela kuma-ruble angu-120. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhwalithi yabo ayinakwenzeka.

Yenza ngokwezifiso

Cabanga ngenqubo yokusetha i-modem ye-inthanethi. Iyini imodemu ye-intanethi? Yilokho konke, ngaphandle kokuhlukile, amadivaysi alesi sifunda: kokubili kufakwe wired and wireless. Ngakho, umyalo wokulungiswa:

• Ukuxhumana. Kubangaphandle - ukuyifaka kwisiteji sokwandisa kwedivayisi yekhompyutha. Kodwa uma ufaka idivayisi yangaphakathi, udinga ukususa izembozo zecala leyunithi yesistimu ye-PC, faka ikhadi ku-slot yokwandisa, ulilungise futhi uqoqe konke emuva.
• Ukufaka abashayeli. Ezimweni eziningi, idlula ngokuzenzekela, futhi ukubamba iqhaza komsebenzisi kule nqubo kuncishisiwe. Ekugcineni, kufanele uthole umlayezo obonisa ukufakwa ngempumelelo kwalesi software. (Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke kuzomele zifakwe ngesandla kusuka ku-CD-ROM noma kusayithi lewebhu.)
• Okulandelayo sixhuma kwi-Intanethi.
• Esikhathini sokugcina, siqala isiphequluli futhi sihlole ukuthi uxhumano lusebenza.

Kwezinye izimo, udinga ukulungisa izilungiselelo zedivayisi (isibonelo, shintsha indlela yokudayela i-analog kuya kwedijithali). Lolu lwazi lucaciswa ngumhlinzeki kanye nomqhubi wocingo.

Isifinyezo

Kulesi sihloko, impendulo inikezwe embuzweni wokuthi yiziphi i-modem kanye nokuthi kungani zidinga. Ukusebenza okunokwenzeka kwamadivayisi anjalo kunikwa. Izindlela zabo zokusebenza nezinye izici zobuchwepheshe kuboniswa. I-algorithm yokuhlela ihlinzekwa futhi, okulandela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kalula futhi kalula ukulungisa leyo divayisi yokuxhumana kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha.