Izibani fluorescent - yilokhu? Izinhlobo izibani Fluorescent

NgoJanuwari kulonyaka, uGeneral Electric (GE) wamemezela ukuyeka ukukhiqizwa kwezibane ezihlangene ezikhanyisa e-US ngasekupheleni kuka-2016. Ubuchwepheshe obusha be-LED buye baba nesifiso sokuba yizinto ezijwayelekile zokukhanya ezivela endleleni yayo, njengoba nje kwadlula "umbuso" wezibani ze-incandescent ezakhiwe ngu-GE umsunguli uThomas Edison.

Ngakho-ke yini isibani se-fluorescent?

Izibani ze-fluorescent zinezici ezincane zokucindezela i-gas-discharge illuminators lapho i-fluorescence isetshenziselwa ukukhipha ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Amandla kagesi asegesi athokoza umoya we-mercury, oqala ukukhanyisa ebangeni le-ultraviolet, okubangela ukugqoka kwe-phosphor ukukhanya.

Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zezibani ze-fluorescent: i-cathode ebandayo, isiqalo esishisayo kanye nezibani ze-electroluminescent.

Ukuqala okushisayo

Okuvamile kakhulu izibani zokuqala ezishisayo. Umthombo okhanyayo walolu hlobo uqukethe ibhulogi engilazi egcwala igesi lesingeniso (ngokuvamile i-argon) yokucindezela okuphansi. I-tungsten electrode itholakala ngakwesinye icala le-bulb. I-Ballast ilawula amandla ama-electrodes. Ezikhanyeni ezindala, kwase kusetshenziselwa ukuqala kokuqala. Kusetshenziswa ama-ballasts wamanje kagesi.

Zifana nezibani ze-incandescent. Ukukhanya kokuqala kukhiqizwa nge-tungsten evuthayo, kodwa ukuphuma kwamagesi kuhlanganiswe kwamapromikhali e-mercury kanye nama-inert angena emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Ukwakhiwa okhethekile okuhlanganisa izindonga ze-bulb kuthatha i-ultraviolet futhi kuveza ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Ibizwa nge-phosphor futhi iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali asekelwe phosphorus. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibani ezinjalo kunamathuba amaningana aphakeme kunama-lamp incandescent. I-filament iyaqhubeka ikhanya ekupheleni kokushisa, kodwa kuphela ukugcina ukukhishwa.

Ukudala ukukhishwa kagesi, kudingekile umthamo ophezulu. I-colder i-colder, iphakamisa leli pharamitha. Kodwa, njengoba izinkomba eziphezulu ziyingozi, izindlela "zokufudumala" i-bulb yokunciphisa amavolumu zenzelwe.

Enye yezindlela zokufudumala ukusebenzisa ukuqala. Lapho kusetshenzwa umshini, isibani sokuphuma sishaye, sishisa oxhumana nabo bimetallic. Oxhumene nabo bavaliwe, baxhunyiwe, futhi umbane kagesi uyatshisa ama- tungsten electrodes, okuzokwenza ukushisa nokugcoba igesi lesimo sofuzo. Njengoba sele selehlile, oxhumana nabo be-bimetallic bavulekile, banikezela wonke amavolumu, kanye ne-throttle energy kuma-electrodes. Uma ukukhishwa kungenzeki, inqubo izophindwa. Ngemuva kokushisa kwesibani isiqalo sizokhishwa, njengoba ukumelana kwayo kuningi kunqanda ukumelana kwe-plasma.

Ezikhathini zanamuhla zokuqala okusheshayo, ama-electrode ahlale evutha, futhi i-arc iqaliswa umbukiso owusekelwe noma uqala umdwebo.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-cathode fluorescent

Izibani ze-cathode fluorescent amadivaysi ama-cathode ayo lokushisa angeke adlule kuka-150 ° C uma kuqhathaniswa no-900 ° C wezibani ezishisayo. I-voltage yokusebenza ingu-600-900 V, i-voltage yokuqala yi-900-1600 V. Ukukhanya kukhishwa yigesi edidiyelwe, okudinga amandla amakhulu ukuyidala. Ukukhishwa kwenzeka uma isikhala esiphakathi kwama-electrode sehla. Igesi esibani ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile yile dielectri, kodwa ensimini kagesi ama-ion kanye nama-electron ahamba. Lapho kusetshenzwa umthamo ophezulu, insimu kagesi inyubhebhethekisa izinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe, okuthi, ukuhamba nge-molecules yegesi, ugxume ama-electron avela kubo. Ama-ion kanye nama-electron akhiwa kabusha ahlangene ne-ionization: inqubo iba yi-avalanche-like.

Ezikhathini zokushisa ezishisayo, ukukhishwa kwe-arc, futhi imithombo ekhanyayo yokukhishwa okubandayo iduma. Kancane kancane, i-mercury idlula esuka esimweni se-liquide kuya esimweni segesi. Ama-electron, ehamba nge-athomu ka-mercury, aqala ukukhululwa kwamandla kanye nemisebe enamandla esifundeni se-ultraviolet. Ukukhanya kukhishwa yizingubo ze-phosphor ngaphakathi kwilabhu. I-Mercury iphakamisa ama-photons ejabulisa ama-athomu e-phosphorus, okwandisa amandla we-electron. Lapho ama-electron ebuyela esimweni sokuqala, ama-athomu e-phosphorus enza amandla alula.

Izibani ze-Electroluminescent

Umshini wokukhanyisa kwezibani ze-electroluminescent kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhamba kwamandla kagesi ngqo ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphathelene ne-phosphorus kanye nomphumela wokuguqulwa okungapheli kagesi ukukhanya. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa futhi ku-LED (i-LED) kanye ne-organic-emitting diodes (OLED). Izibani ze-electroluminescent zihlukile kuma-LED ukuthi lapho ekugcineni ukukhanya kukhishwa ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-pn - ukuhlangana kwama-semiconductors amabili, kuyilapho okwangaphambili ukukhanya kukhishwa yilo lonke uhlaka lwe-activator.

Umshini wokushisa ophezulu wamandla kagesi udlula ngendwangu encane ye-phosphorus noma i-semiconductor, enomphumela wokwenza ukukhanya. Izingxenye ezimbili eziqinile, enye yazo ebonakalayo, yenza njengama-electrodes, ne-phosphorus ene-powdered noma umqhubi phakathi kwabo ikhanya lapho ama-electron ewela kuwo.

Iziphakamiso

• Amadivaysi anjalo okukhanyisa angakhonza izikhathi eziningana kunezibani ze-incandescent ngaphansi kwesimo samandla azinzile ngaphandle kokuphawuleka okukhulu kwamandla kagesi nokunciphisa inani lezinhlawulo. Uma uvula ama-electrode, ukwakheka okhethekile okuvikela i-tungsten filament kusuka ekushiseni futhi kuqinisekisa ukuzinza, ukushisa nokuwa, okunciphisa impilo yomthombo wokukhanya. Imikhawulo ye-bulb ibumnyama, futhi isibani siqala ukuphoqa.
• Ukusebenza okukhanyayo kwezibani ze-fluorescent ngayinye yokusetshenziswa kwamandla kungaphezu kuka-3-4 izikhathi eziphakeme kunalezo zezibani ze-incandescent.
• Zihlukile kumbala, ukukhanya kwazo okuhamba phambili kuseduze nelanga.
• Ihlukaniswe ukukhanya okuvela kuwo wonke ubuso we-ampu, hhayi ukukhanya kwe-tungsten.

I-Cons

• Izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu.
• Izibani ze-fluorescent zingumthombo wengozi, ngoba i-flask ngayinye iqukethe ama-5 mg we-mercury, okuyingozi kakhulu futhi ingabangela ukulimaza impilo nemvelo.
• Izibani zokukhishwa kwegesi zizwa ukushisa okuphansi nokuphezulu. Ayikwazi ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa ngezansi -20 ° C nangaphezulu +50 ° C.
• Izwela kumswakama.
• Delay on, njengoba kuthatha isikhathi ukufudumala isibani.
• Okungajwayelekile embonweni we-spectrum ekhanya, okuwumphumela wokuphazamiseka kombala. Ukuqhaqhaza ngokuphindaphinda kabili imvamisa yamamandla.

Imikhakha yokukhetha

1. Ifomu nobukhulu. Ama-Glass nama-cartridges ahluka kakhulu kulezi zimingcele. Ifomu evamile yezinsiza ze-fluorescent iyitayipi eliqondile. Ububanzi bayo buyingxenye eyodwa yesishiyagalombili yamasentimitha. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu besibani obunamithamitha angu-1 intshi ngu-T8. Ububanzi besayizi kusuka ku-T2 kuya ku-T17. Izibane eziphefumulayo, njengombuso, zine-U-shape kanye nomumo wokuvunguza. Yiqiniso, ukubonakala akuthinti ukusebenza kwesibani, kodwa ama-spiral models alahlekelwa kancane, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwabo kunzima kakhulu.

2. Qala. Kungenzeka nge-starter, electronic noma nge-ballast kagesi.

3. Amandla. Ama-wave avela ku-3 kuya ku-85 watts. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibani ze-incandescent kunamaphesenti angu-3-4 okuphansi kunalokho okukhanyayo, ngakho-ke, amandla adingekayo kufanele akhethwe ngokuya ekukhanyeni okudingekayo. Izibani ze-fluorescent, enegunya layo lingu-25-30 W, lizothatha indawo kagesi kagesi eyi-100-watt evamile. Ukufaka umthombo we-75 watt okwanele wokugcina amandla we-watts angu-9. Futhi izibani ze-fluorescent, ezinamandla angu-watts angu-15, zizokwazi ukufaka isibani sesitha se-incandescent esingu-60 W.

Ithebula lesilinganiso se-flux ukukhanya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezibani zezinhlobo ezahlukene kuzosiza ukuqonda zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances.

4. I-plinth. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zivamile:

• I-Bayonet B;
• Isikhonkwane (edison) isokhethi E;
• Ohlangothini olulodwa oluhlangene no-G.

Inombolo emva kwencwadi ibonisa ububanzi bokweluleka kohlobo B noma u-E, noma ibanga eliphakathi koxhumana nabo ngo-mm ezinsikeni zohlobo G.

Ngokuyinhloko, ama-chandeliers kanye nama-sconces basebenzisa izibane zompompo-fluorescent ezine-E27 base 27 mm ububanzi kanye nama-E14 amamitha ane-14 mm.

5. Umbala wokukhanya. Ihambisana nokushisa komuntu omnyama okhanya nge-chromaticity ethile. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ingxenye ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyanda, kanti ingxenye ebomvu iyancipha. Ilinganiselwa kuma-kelvini. Ukuzwa okuzithobayo komuntu obuka ukukhanya kombala othile kubizwa ngokuthi umuzwa wemibala. Imibala esemqoka yokukhanya nombono wabo ohambelana nombala:

• 2700 K - umhlophe omhlophe oshisayo;
• 3000 K - ukukhanya okumhlophe okufudumele;
• 3500 K - ukukhanya okumhlophe;
• 4000 K - ukukhanya okumhlophe okubandayo;
• 5000 K nokuningi - imini.

6. Umbala wokukhiqiza. Kubonisa indlela izinto zemvelo ezizungezile zibukeka ngayo ekukhanyeni kwesibani. Ilinganiswa nomklamo wokuguqula umbala uRa. Imithombo ekhanyayo ene-chromaticity elinganayo ingaba nombukiso ohlukile wobala ngenxa yebala elihlukile lokukhanya okukhishiwe. Ukuze ilanga ilanga i-coefficient ingu-100.

Ukumaka

Abakhi bezibani bawugubhe imikhiqizo ngezindlela ezahlukene.

E-USA, izibani ze-fluorescent zivame ukubhalwa ngokwemodeli ye-FxxTy, lapho uF uhlobo lwe-fluorescent, inombolo yokuqala xx ingamandla kumatts noma ubude ngamasentimitha, ukuma kwe-T (i-English tubular, i-tubular) nenombolo yokugcina y - 1/8 intshi ububanzi (3.175 mm).

Bese kulandela inhlamvu ye-chromaticity:

• I-WW - Ebushushu obumhlophe, obumhlophe obufudumele.
• I-CW - I-Cool White, ipholile emhlophe.
• N - Ukungathathi hlangothi, ukungathathi hlangothi.
• D - Usuku lokukhanya, imini.
• I-WWX - Deluxe Ebushushu Ebomvu, elimhlophe elifudumele elinemibala ephakeme yombala.
• I-CWX - Deluxe Cool White, epholile emhlophe ngokunikeza umbala ophezulu.
• BLB - Blacklight, i-ultraviolet.

Ekupheleni kokumaka, izici zedivayisi zikhonjisiwe:

• I-RS-Rapid Start, isiqalo esheshayo.
• I-IS - Qala okusheshayo, isiqalo esheshayo.
• I-Ho - High Output, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Izitayela zezibani ze-fluorescent

Isibani sika-General Electric Candle T2 9 Watt sitholakalayo nge-E14 no-E27 caps, 405 lumen okukhipha umkhiqizo wokukhanya, ukushisa okumhlophe okushisa nokukhanya kwamalanga (2700 K no-6500 K), inkomba yokuhumusha umbala 82 Ra. Isetshenziselwa ngamakhansela nezinye izibani ezine-bulb ebonakalayo emakamelweni, emigwaqweni namahholo amahholo okuhweba, amahhotela, izindawo zokudla, izindawo zokuhlala.

Imikhiqizo ye-Philips

I-TL-D 90 De Luxe - isibani se-fluorescent G13, T8, ene-color rendition index 93 Ra8, ukushisa kombala 65000 K - ukukhanya kwelanga. Itholakala ngezihumusho ezintathu:

• 18W / 965 1SL - 18W izibani ze-fluorescent ezine-luminous flux engu-1150 lumens kanye nomkhiqizo wokukhanya okuyi-63.9 Lm / W;
• 58W / 965 1SL - 58-watt imithombo yokukhanyisa enezikhawu ezibonakalayo ezikhanyayo ezingu-4550 lumens kanye nomkhiqizo wokukhanya ophezulu ongama-77.8 Lm / W;
• 36W / 965 1SL - 36W izibani ze-fluorescent ezine-lumineous flux ye-2800 lumens nomkhiqizo okhanyayo olinganiselwa ku-77.8 Lm / W.

Inkomba yokunikeza imibala ephezulu ikuvumela ukuba ubone imibala ecebile, enemibala nangokwemvelo, eyenza isibani singabi khona ezindaweni ezibhedlela, izindlu zokunyathelisa, ama-beauty salons, iminyuziyamu, amahhovisi wamazinyo nezitolo. Amakhansela ahlukaniswa ngengubo ephezulu ye-luminescent kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-phosphorus emithathu futhi cishe ukungabi khona okuphelele kokunciphisa izinga lokukhanyisa.

I-Master TL-D Xtreme 36W / 840 1SL - isibani samandla angu-36-watt isibani, amaphini amabili, umbala omhlophe obandayo nombala wokunikeza umbala we-85 Ra8, ukukhanya okuphakanyiswayo okungu-3250 lumens, okusebenza kahle kwe-90 lm / W. Isici saso siyindlela yokuphila enwetshiwe yamahora angama-66,000, okubalulekile ezindaweni lapho izindleko zokufaka izibani ziphakeme ngenxa yokuphakama kwegumbi, isidingo sokuphazamiseka komsebenzi, noma lapho ukukhanya kuqhubeka khona emlilweni - emigodini, emigodini yokugaya, ekukhiqizeni okuqhubekayo.

I-PL PLAY C 18W / 830 / 2P 1CT yinkomba ye-18-watt fluorescent engu-18-watt ene-G24d-2-cap, umbala omhlophe ofudumele we-3000 K, inkomba yombala we-rendering yama-82 Ra8, ukukhanya kombala okukhanyayo okuyi-1200 lumens, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya okungama-67 lm / W. Yakhelwe ukukhanyisa okuphezulu jikelele ezindaweni zokuzilibazisa, izakhiwo zokudayisa kanye nehhovisi. Isibani sokukhanyisa i-Philips Master Pl-C isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana bokuqala bhuloho, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle, ukukhanya okungcono nokusebenza kahle. Imodeli yokuxhumana emibili inesisekelo esisusiwe futhi isetshenziswa nge-EMPA.

Imithombo elula yokugcina amandla evela ku-Osram

I-Osram ikhiqiza izibani ezingu-18W ze-DSST FCY 18 W / 825 E27 ezinemibala efudumele ka-2500 K, enombhalo wokunikeza umbala we-80, ukukhanya okukhanya kwe-1050 lumens ne-cartridge E27. Idivayisi iyakwazi ukumelana nenombolo enkulu kakhulu yemijikelezo yokuqala-kufika ku-1 million.

I-Osram Lumilux T9 C yi-luminaire ye-29 mm ye-annular ne-G10Q cartridge, amandla alinganisiwe 22 W, izinga lokushisa lombala 2700 K, umbala wokunikeza umbala 80-89, ulinganiswe ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-1350 lumens nomkhiqizo wokukhanya olinganiselwe 61 Lm / W. Ihloselwe izakhiwo zomphakathi, izindawo zokudla, ezakhiwa, izitolo, izitolo ezinkulu, amahhotela. Ihlukaniswe umnotho, izinga elihle lokukhanya, ukukhanya okukhulu okukhanyayo, ukukhanya okufanayo ngaphandle kwemithunzi. Ukulungiswa kokukhanya kuvunyelwe.

/ 840-1 L 36 W - 1 izibani komugqa imitha, Fluorescent, 36W, base isokhethi g13, izinga lokushisa umbala 4000 K, a ecucuza okuzisholo elikhanyayo ka 3100 lumens, 80 umbala ukuhumusha Inkomba Ra, le okuzisholo kahle elikhanyayo 86 LM / W. Njengoba iklanyelwe i-ukukhanyisa kwezithuthi zomphakathi.

Endura 70 W / 830 - electrodeless ukukhanya umthombo Osram 70W, a ukalwe ecucuza elikhanyayo ka 6200 lumens umbala lokushisa ezimhlophe efudumele 3000 K, umbala ukuhumusha Inkomba kanye elikhanyayo 80-90 Ra 80 LM / W. Isetshenziselwa Umhubhe ukukhanyisa, izitshalo, ezitaladini, ngezizathu ezemidlalo. Libhekene ukuqina okusezingeni eliphezulu (kufika ku 100 000 h.), Efficiency, okusezingeni eliphezulu inesikhala okukhipha, leso ekuqaleni-up.

Electrodeless Fluorescent isibani - idivayisi lapho ocucuzayo kwenzeka ephezulu imvamisa ensimini kagesi eyenziwe cores kazibuthe ku umfuma. play Magnetic indima eyinhloko izinkampani we transformer, futhi igesi osenyameni - yesibili. Izimpawu izibani Fluorescent yalolu hlobo ziyancipha ukuze sledyuschemu: amadivayisi esitebeleni, zingabantu isikhathi eside ngenxa ukungabikho electrode zidilika.

DSST inzwa CL A-15 W / 827 E27 - Fluorescent amandla Isibani 15 W, yokucucuza elikhanyayo of 870 inesikhala, izinga lokushisa efudumele esimhlophe ka 2700 K. Ingabe ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu ngenxa stop othomathikhi ngesikhathi sasemini. Kuhloswe ukusetshenziswa yangaphandle kuphela.