Izici nezimfuneko: Umkhawulo diving ka ngwenya ukujula

Submarine shipbuilding has izinjongo eziningana. Bonke ngothi lwabo, ngandlela-thile, exhumene ukwehla ikhono lokuzwa ngwenya ngokwandisa ibanga phakathi kwaso kwamanzi, kanye ezinye nezinye izinto. Yiqiniso, lo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-ezimbonini jikelele endaweni ethile, izinhloso zazo ngokuvamile zihluke kakhulu nezifiso obunokuthula umuntu ovamile. Nokho, kulesi sihloko sibheka ezinye idatha ngalokho diving ka ngwenya ukujula, kanye nendlela lapho lesi silinganiso kuyahlukahluka.

Umlando omncane: bathyscaphe

Singabantu intando impahla, yebo, phezu yempi. Nakuba ukuhlola womuntu izikhala zasolwandle zihlanganisa ukuvakashelwa kubo, ngisho ukujula esiphezulu kule planethi - phansi Mariana Trench, okuyinto ukuba km engaphezu kwengu-11 kusukela kolwandle ezaziwayo. Nokho, ukucwiliswa zomlando, eyaqala emuva ngo-1960, lwenziwe ngendlela bathyscaphe. Le yidivayisi ukuthi akanawo buoyancy ngomqondo ogcwele, njengoba kungaba kuphela ukucwila khona abese evuka ngenxa namaqhinga ubunjiniyela buchopho. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwe-bathyscaphe kungekho umbuzo ezihambelayo indiza ovundlile kunoma iyiphi ibanga sina. Ngakho-ke umbhapathizo ngwenya, aziwa unqobe amabanga amade zincane submersibles irekhodi okungenani inqobo ukujula.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu

Ekhuluma amarekhodi e ukuthuthukiswa ocean isikhala, akufanele sikhohlwe ngoNkulunkulu weqiniso nenjongo ngwenya. Okuqondiwe Military futhi warhead, okuyinto evamile uhlala ngomkhumbi onjalo, akuhlanganisi kuphela ukuhamba eliphakeme kuyadingeka kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe babe abaphile ochwepheshe ekufihleni iyindawo ekahle yokuphila kulabo iflothi amanzi ikholomu ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngokushesha kujule kuze isidingo okusinda ngemva lempi operation ukujula. Eqinisweni, lona wamuva inquma lizinga womkhumbi ukulwa amakhono. Ngakho, esiphezulu ukucwiliswa ngwenya ukujula ingenye izici ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu.

okwandisa izici

Kukhona kungukucatshangwa eziningana kule ndaba. Ukwandisa we ngwenya ukujula evumela ukuthuthukisa maneuverability endizeni mpo, njengoba ubude wempi ngokuvamile okungenani eziningana amashumi amamitha. Ngakho, uma kuba 50 amamitha ngaphansi kwamanzi, Ubukhulu bayo kabili, ezihambayo phansi noma phezulu igcwele ephelele ukulahlekelwa yokucasha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona into okuthiwa "ungqimba ezishisayo" okuyinto phendulela kakhulu isignali sonar ikholomu amanzi. Uma uya ngezansi kubo, umkhumbi-ngwenya kuba cishe "esingabonakali" imishini kokulandela imikhumbi ebusweni. Ingasaphathwa yokuthi ekujuleni okukhulu leli thuluzi kunzima kakhulu kangakanani ukuba abhubhise noma isiphi isikhali etholakalayo emhlabeni.

Kukhula ka ngwenya ukucwiliswa ukujula, namandla kumelwe zikwazi withstanding ingcindezi Amazing. Lokhu, futhi, ezandleni elikwazi ukuzivikela ezivamile umkhumbi. Ekugcineni, uma umkhawulo ukujula ikuvumela ukuba abalale phansi ekujuleni kolwandle, futhi kwandisa ngwenya esilayidi nganoma yisiphi imishini radar litholakale yesimanje ngomkhondo izinhlelo.

amagama Eziyisisekelo

Kukhona izici ezimbili eziyinhloko, okubonisa ikhono ngwenya ungene. Eyokuqala - okubizwa ngokuthi ukujula ukusebenza. Emibhalweni yezinye izizwe futhi selivela okungahleliwe. Lesi sici kubonisa ngokujulile indlela dive ngwenya, okungase kwehliswe isibalo esingenamkhawulo izikhathi phakathi nayo yonke inkathi wokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, e-US "Thrasher" ngokuvamile kwenziwa 40 diving ngonyaka ngaphakathi ukubaluleka Unikezwe kuze kube ngokuzayo uma uzame idlule kabuhlungu afa zonke izandla Atlantic. Eyesibili isici esibalulekile - kulinganiselwa elimazayo (emibhalweni yezinye izizwe futhi) ukujula. It uhambelana ezidlula lapho ingcindezi hydrostatic idlula amandla omzimba, kubalwa ngesikhathi ukuklama idivayisi.

ukuhlola ukujula

Kukhona sici esisodwa ngaphezulu, okumele abe ezishiwo umongo. Lona ukucwiliswa we ngwenya, umkhawulo ngokuvumelana izibalo ukujula, ekutholeni ngezansi okungabangela kubhujiswa lesi isikhumba uqobo, noma ozimele, noma ezinye izinto zangaphandle. Ibizwa nangokuthi "test" ku yezinye izizwe. Akukona kunoma isiphi isimo akufanele yeqiwe umshini othile.

Ukubuyela "thresher": theory = amamitha 300, waqhubeka zivivinya ukuqina 360 amamitha ukujula. By endleleni, le we ngwenya ukujula uthunyelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala e-United States esuka nezitshalo, eqinisweni, "ukuthi abagijima ngokuncintisana" kuso isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe wayala umnyango. Thina siphethe indaba edabukisayo "Thrasher". Ukuvivinywa Kokungathathi 360 amamitha yaphela kabuhlungu eliqonde kuye, futhi nakuba kwaba ngenxa izinkinga ezijulile kakhulu, futhi lobuchwepheshe kanye ngwenya yenuzi-powered, kodwa le ngozi, ngokusobala, akuyona ngephutha.

I ngwenya elahlekile isivinini ngenxa injini stop, beshaya isikebhe sizinze amathangi zehlulekile, futhi iyunithi waya phansi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lapho kubhujiswa lesi sikebhe ngwenya iphutha ngesikhathi abangu-700 metres ukujula, ukuze, njengoba sesibonile, phakathi ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa futhi onakalisayo ngempela kukhona umehluko ehloniphekile.

Isilinganiso izibalo

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusobala, amagugu olujulileyo zikhule. Uma ngwenya Second Umhlaba abangu ibalwa ukubaluleka 100-150 amamitha, isizukulwane esilandelayo le mikhawulo anda. Nge kokusungulwa kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ubungako bokudlulisa ukudala motors ukucwiliswa ukujula ngwenya nakho kuyanda. Esikhathini 60s zakuqala kakade eneminyaka engaba ngu-300-350 amamitha. ngwenya Modern kwabazali ukubeka imingcele mayelana 400-500 amamitha. Kuze kube manje kule phambi, kukhona engalulami ecacile kubonakala kunjalo lokho okuyokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo, nakuba Kuhle kokusho iphrojekthi okungavamile wadala eSoviet Union in the 80s.

irekhodi ngokuphelele

Sikhuluma umkhumbi "Komsomolets", ngeshwa, ngokudabukisayo Ngishoné, kodwa kungokwalabo yokunika namanje elinganqobeki e ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje ulwandle ngwenya ezijulile. Le projekthi esiyingqayizivele ayikalitholi analogue emhlabeni. Iqiniso ukuthi okuhlala kakhulu, ibiza ngokweqile futhi esingesihle ekusingatheni okokusetshenziswa esetshenziswa womshini umzimba wayo - titanium. Umkhawulo ukucwiliswa ukujula we ngwenya emhlabeni kuyilapho kungokwalabo "Komsomolets". Leli rekhodi eyayibekwe ngo-1985, lapho umkhumbi-ngwenya i-Soviet safinyelela 1027 amamitha ngaphansi kwamanzi olwandle.

By the way, ukubaluleka yokusebenza ngoba kwaba amamitha 1,000 ecatshangelwayo - 1250. Ngenxa yalokho, "Komsomolets" yacwila ngemva 1989 ngenxa yomlilo eqinile, elaqala ngaso amamitha angu mayelana 300 ukujula. Futhi nakuba, ngokungafani kuya okufanayo "Thrasher" iflothi ephethwe, indaba namanje sasidabukisa kakhulu. Umlilo ezilimele ngwenya ukuze cishe ngokushesha yacwila. Abantu abambalwa labulawa emlilweni okwamanje, futhi cishe ingxenye crew ziminze emanzini obandayo kuze podospevala usizo.

isiphetho

I ukucwiliswa we ngwenya yesimanje ukujula 400-500 amamitha, esiphezulu kuyinto amanani ngokuvamile kancane ephakeme. Record 1027 amamitha, setha "Komsomolets", kodwa ngeke ngikwazi ukukhokhela noma yiziphi ngwenya ekhona ahlomile wonke amazwe. Igama lekusasa.