Izifunda zokuphatha (Kharkov): Dzerzhinsky, Ordzhonikidzevsky, eMoscow

Imizi eminingi emikhulu yesikhala esilandelayo saseSoviet iphinde ihlukaniswe izifunda zokuphatha. Kharkov akuyona into ehlukile. Zingaki izifunda ezikhona enhloko-dolobha yokuqala yase-Ukraine? Bavuka nini? Futhi yiyiphi enye enkulu kunazo zonke endaweni? Izimpendulo zemibuzo yonke oyothola esihlokweni sethu.

Zonke izifunda zokuphatha (Kharkov)

Le okuthiwa inhloko-dolobha yokuqala yase-Ukraine inamabandla ayisishiyagalolunye okuphatha. Lezi yizi:

• Kievsky;
• Dzerzhinsky;
• Okthoba;
• Leninsky;
• Kominternovsky;
• EMoscow;
• Frunzensky;
• Ordzhonikidzevsky;
• Chervonozavodskaya.

Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yisifunda saseKiev, futhi abantu - eMoscow. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-160 bahlala esifundeni ngasinye sedolobha.

Kumele kuqashelwe isici esisodwa esithakazelisayo ukuthi izifunda zokuphatha zinalo muzi. I-Kharkov ihluke ngendlela yayo ehambisanayo esakhiweni sayo (njengeMoscow). Futhi imingcele yezifunda zayo zenziwa ngendlela yemikhakha: zona, njengezicucu ze-pie enkulu, cishe zonke ziguqulwa ngama-angles abukhali phakathi nendawo ye-megacity.

Muva nje, lokho okubizwa okuthiwa i-Decommunization Act kwamukelwa e-Ukraine, ngokusho ukuthi wonke ama-toponyms ahlobene ne-Soviet edlule kufanele aqanjwe kabusha ezweni. NgoNovemba 2015, ikhomishana ekhethekile, eyasungulwa eKharkov, yaqamba kabusha izifunda ezintathu zasemadolobheni: Oktyabrsky, uDzerzhinsky noFrunzensky. Nokho, amagama azo zonke lezi zindawo ahlale engashintshi! Isibonelo, isifunda saseDzerzhinsky manje sesibizwa ngokuthi asihloniphi isibalo sabantu abakhohlakeleyo, kodwa ngokuhlonishwa komunye uDzerzhinsky, umqondisi wesibhedlela saseKharkov zemstvo. Isifunda saseFunzensky sizobe sesinegama lomshayeli ovelele, futhi igama lesifunda sase-Oktyabrsky saseKharkov manje lihlanganiswe nenyanga lapho u-Ukraine ekhululwa khona abahlaseli bakaHitler.

Umlando wokwakhiwa kwezifunda zokuphatha zedolobha

Ezinqolobaneni zeminyuziyamu ye-Kharkiv, uhlelo lomuzi, olwalingu-1788, lwalondolozwe. Ngisho ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona imizamo yokuqala yokuhlukanisa indawo yasemadolobheni. Ngakho, iKharkov ngaleso sikhathi yayiba imizi eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu futhi yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye ezintathu: isikhungo, iZakharkov neZalopan.

Enye yeyokuqala edolobheni yasungulwa ngokomthetho wesifunda sase-Oktyabrsky. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1917. Futhi kusukela ngo-1919, iKharkiv yayivele ihlukaniswe ngezifunda ezintathu zokuphatha. Kamuva ngemuva kwebalazwe lomuzi kwakukhona futhi okusha. Ngakho, isifunda sase-Ordzhonikidzevsky saseKharkov yasungulwa ngo-1936, uStalin - ngo-1937, uKominternovsky - ngo-1938-m.

Ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo kwamayunithi amasha okuphatha, amabhodi wesigodi (ngaphakathi kwedolobha) adalwe. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka ka-2009, ngesinqumo samadolobha edolobha, lezi zidumbu zaqedwa.

Isifunda saseMoscow (Kharkov): irekhodi labantu

Esikhathini esikhulu kunazo zonke esifundeni saseMoscow, kunezakhamizi ezingaphezu kuka-300 zeKharkov. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuthi "iStalin", kodwa ngo-1961 yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuhlonishwa kweMoscow Avenue - indawo eyinhloko yedolobha.

Indawo yaseMoscow iluhlaza kakhulu: indawo yonke yamapaki, izikwele kanye neminye imifula i-hekta 460. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amabhizinisi asezimboni kule ngxenye yeKharkov cishe amaningi njengezikole (33 no-37 ngokulandelana). Idume kakhulu kunawo - "Promelektro", "i-Bakery Saltovsky", i-HELZ. Engxenyeni yesifunda saseMoscow, kukhona i-diorama kuphela e-Ukraine ezinikele empini e-Afghanistan.

Isifunda saseDzerzhinsky: isikhungo semfundo ephakeme

Idolobha laseDzerzhinsky laseKharkov lavela ebalazweni lomuzi ngo-1932 futhi alizange liguqule igama layo ngisho kanye. Yona eyesibili iningi labantu (abangaba ngu-15% wezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni abahlala lapha).

Esifundeni saseDzerzhinsky kunamayunivesithi angu-18, lapho abantu abangaba ngu-70 000 bafunda khona. Okudume kakhulu kulezi zikhungo zezemfundo yiKharkov National University okuthiwa emva kwe-A.Sh. VN Karazin, eyasungulwa eminyakeni engu-200 edlule.

Kuningi kakhulu endaweni kanye nezindawo zokuvakasha, nezikhangayo. Phakathi kwazo - iminyuziyamu yomlando, isikhumbuzo seShevchenko, iMonastery Yokuncenga kanye nenkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu Freedom Square.

Isifunda sase-Ordzhonikidzevsky: isiphephelo sembonini esindayo

Isifunda sase-Ordzhonikidzevsky saseKharkov sincane kokubili endaweni nangabantu. Imfundo yakhe isondelene kakhulu nokwakhiwa kwe-Kharkov Tractor Plant (KhTZ) edumile kuma-30s. Ngemva kwesikhashana, njengamanye amakhowe emva kwemvula, ezinye iziqhwaga zezimboni nazo zakhula.

Ingqikithi yamabhizinisi angu-29 asebenza namhlanje esifundeni. Phakathi kwazo yi-cluster yezimboni "uRogan", okubandakanya i-brewery, isitshalo sezobisi kanye nemboni ye "Ahmad". Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sakhiwo sokukhiqiza kuyaqhubeka ezinsukwini zethu.

Ekuphetheni ...

Emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe ezindaweni eziphathekayo. I-Kharkov ingenye yazo. Izithili zokuqala kuleli dolobha zasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Kuze kube manje, i-Kharkiv ihlukaniswe izifunda ezingu-9 zokuphatha, inkulu kunawo wonke yi-Kiev.