Izilwane ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo: izimpawu, ikakhulukazi izimpawu

Iplanethi yethu kuhlale ezihlukahlukene izinyoni, izilwane, izinhlanzi, amaselesele nezinyoka, izingwenya, okuyinto ndawonye bakha iqembu elilodwa - ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla.

Kungani izilwane - ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo?

Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo abe amathambo vertebral noma uqwanga skeleton ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngenxa izilwane zibizwa ngokuthi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, ukuthi ngesisekelo amathambo awo wonke umzimba Kayisilutho ngaphandle kukholamu vertebral, ehlanganisa amathambo namakhakhayi. Futhi kuphela amafomu ephansi kukhona uhlobo core obukhulu ngokuthi kuzithinta.

Izici yezilwane ezinomgogodla kunjengokungathi banayo izici ezilandelayo. Ngaphakathi ikholomu umgogodla kuyinto emgogodleni, yena kanye ingqondo etholakala ugebhezi we isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Lena ejwayelekile ye yezilwane ezinomgogodla.

Zikhona izimpawu nobuntu ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Lokhu amabili namabhuzu imilenze, amaphiko, tines, amaphiko (emkhawulweni), okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ampofu. Ngu yini izimpawu ahlelwe amaqembu zonke izilwane?

Ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo nokuhlukanisa yabo ngezigaba

ezahlukene kakhulu isakhiwo, futhi ubonakala, ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo zihlukaniswe ezinhlanu amakilasi: inhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo.

Amakilasi yezilwane ezinomgogodla kungukuthi kunqunywa ithuba. Yiqiniso, zonke izilwane zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa futhi inemithwalo izici ezifanayo. Lapho ukuphefumula konke athole umoya-mpilo futhi ngamakhala-carbon dioxide.

Futhi, bonke badle, uthola izakhi zomzimba ukuze ikhule, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, nokuthuthukisa. Indlela abasabela ngayo ezintweni imvelo. isici okunjalo iningi izilwane ehambisana nokuba khona isimiso sezinzwa futhi izitho nemizwa efana amehlo nezindlebe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, banda, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokwabo. abameleli Iningi ngokuphelele yonke amakilasi zibalulekile ezimpilweni zabantu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo zihlanganisa zonke evamile ezilwaneni ezifuywayo ukuze nathi. Lokhu inkomo, imvu, amahhashi, izinkukhu, izinja, izingulube, amakati, njll Yebo, nokudoba izilwane zasendle - ubuye yezilwane ezinomgogodla: .... Onogwaja, izimpungushe, inhlanzi, amadada, njll Phakathi kwazo kunezinye izinambuzane: hamsters, izingwejeje , voles.

Sibona ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ezahlukene kanjani.

inhlanzi

Sizungezwe imifula, amadamu, ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle kuhlala inhlanzi. Sinenkosi nezici zabo kwesakhiwo kanye nezimo ukuze abahlala ezindaweni yasemanzini.

Mangisho ukuthi inhlanzi - lokhu zasemanzini ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Iningi lazo embozwe izikali. Abanaso lokushisa emzimbeni njalo, kuyilapho benza njalo ukuphefumula kuphela gills, okuyinto isuswa amanzi, umoya-mpilo oncibilikile ukukhiqiza, ngokulandelana, carbon dioxide. Inhliziyo banayo bicameral, kodwa kwegazi eyodwa kuphela.

Ngu ukuhamba emizimbeni izinhlanzi idingekile ukuze amaphiko. Ngamanye ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, it has ukuba kube esinye sezitho zomzimba wakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi amaphiko ayibhangqiwe, okuyinto zitholakala eduze umzimba. athuthukile kakhulu umsila yabo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinhlanzi abe isitho umqondo, njengoba umugqa side. Kusekhona iningi leli qembu yezilwane ezinomgogodla ukubhukuda esinyeni.

Fish ukuba abantu kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Ngaphandle kokudla ewusizo kakhulu, kusukela izinhlanzi uwoyela etholwe, okuyinto ekhishwe kwesibindi cod. nezibiliboco Sawubona futhi esiyigugu livela Sturgeon. Abaningi imikhiqizo ligugu umuntu ephuma izinhlanzi, kodwa ngoba udinga ukuba banakekele ukuvikelwa sezinhlanzi futhi ukwandisa kubo.

Ezweni labetibambile umsebenzi omkhulu izinhlanzi ukulima.

Fish eziyizimbangela inombolo ezanele amaqanda, kodwa gazinga kusukela imvelo yakhe yemvelo kuvela kancane kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphesenti angu-eyodwa kuphela kwezintathu yalowo chum salmon gazinga kuza kuzo zonke caviar. Ngakho abantu baqala ukusebenzisa kwesibeletho fertilization egcwele amaqanda, okunikeza inqwaba inzalo. I gazinga achazwayo ngaphansi kokuqondisa ngaphandle kwesibeletho, bese amawundlu akhiqizwa engokwemvelo yemvelo. Yiqiniso, ethandwa kakhulu has zizalela Sturgeon ne-salmon.

ezinwabuzelayo

Bobani ezihuquzelayo nezilwane? Zibhaleni phansi mikhulu futhi ahlukahlukene. Yethiwa lesi sigaba wakwenza ngenxa yokuthi ngabameleli bayo, ehamba emhlabathini, ehudula umzimba wakhe, njengokungathi ngokwesibonelo, isilwane esihuquzelayo. Lapha kungakho igama.

Yini abantu afakiwe isigaba ezihuquzelayo nezilwane? Uhlu wehlukile kakhulu:

1. Izibankwa.
2. Izinyoka.
3. Izingwenya.
4. Turtles.
5. Dinosaurs.

Ngokuvamile singakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo e isibankwa nemvelo. Ukuze ufake phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane izinyoka, nakuba buhluke kakhulu izibankwa Nokho, isakhiwo sangaphakathi efanayo.

Iningi le ekilasini ziwusizo kubantu. Lizard, isibonelo, abhubhise izinambuzane eziyingozi, izinyoka - namagundane ezibangela umonakalo izitshalo.

Nokho, kukhona ezinye izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu. esiyingozi ikakhulu abantu izinyoka ezinesihlungu.

Ikilasi kuhlanganisa ezihuquzelayo ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo nongenanembeza. Izidumbu zabo embozwe amapuleti. Bona ukuphefumula asemkhathini emoyeni ngokusebenzisa emaphashini. ezihuquzelayo Ziningi ukuphila ezweni. Kodwa ngisho nalabo sebejwayele ukuba ahlale emanzini (izingwenya, izimfudu), nivame ngendlela efanayo njengoba lonke ikilasi, ebeka esihlabathini ogwini amaqanda umhlaba. Futhi uthi okhokho babo zazisekhona umhlaba nezilwane.

Ukuvela ezihuquzelayo kwakubangelwa izinguquko sezulu ezenzeke ekupheleni kwenkathi lasendulo. Waba wome kakhulu, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamanzi amaningi, zase ziphenduka ugwadule. Zonke lezi zinguquko ziye zaholela yokuthi, ngemuva kokuphumelela ezinye izigaba yentuthuko, le ezihuquzelayo kuqala.

Ngokuvamile, ezihuquzelayo - lena ekilasini lokuqala izilwane zasemhlabeni eliwumhlaba. Ba- eshesha kuhambisane nesivinini sokufunda komfundi, okuyinto ngokushesha waqala ukubusa labasithibeza izilwane zasemhlabeni.

Ikakhulukazi okusheshayo yentuthuko esiteji babe ezihuquzelayo kule yobudala emaphakathi. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi izibankwakazi (ezihuquzelayo) kwadingeka Ubukhulu umxhwele. Babehlala kokubili ezweni emoyeni nasemanzini. izinsalela wabo Ziyathakazelisa, ngoba kusukela esikhathini esizayo yimuphi izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo.

amphibia

Amphibians sebejwayele ekuphileni ezweni, aluthola eziningi izici kwehlukaniswe izinhlanzi. Uma ucabangela isakhiwo saleli ikilasi yezilwane ezinomgogodla futhi indlela yabo yokuphila, kubalulekile ukugxila amaxoxo kanye Toads. Ayasiza kakhulu abantu ngoba udle izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela asize ekulweni izinambuzane. Ayavumelana a izilwane zasemhlabeni iqembu waphansi. Leli gama bawamukele ngenxa yokuntuleka umsila. Ngo imifula yethu kanye namachibi zingatholakala nezinye izilwane zasemhlabeni ukuthi uphakathi kwabantu abangenalo leli caudate. Kuyinto Newt ezivamile.

Ngo ekilasini izilwane zasemhlabeni babe Toads, amaxoxo, zintulo nezinye izilwane - ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo abaphila kakade phezu kwezwe, hhayi uthanda izinhlanzi - emanzini, kodwa endaweni yazo namanje kuxhumene kakhulu ngokungenakuhlukaniswa emanzini, ngoba kabusha nokuthuthukiswa nqubo ithatha indawo kuwo.

izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni umzimba imbozwe isikhumba, kodwa okusaluketshezi kakhulu. Nemilenze babe izinzwane ezinhlanu. Abadala uphefumula isikhumba sabo kanye namaphaphu, kodwa izibungu kukhona ukuphefumula gill. Amaqanda Awunawo Ukuvikelwa, ngakho akhethiwe imvelo yasemanzini nentuthuko yabo. khona inzalo kamuva ozuza gills, ngoba tadpoles kancane ukuphila sondle emanzini. Kamuva ngo-inqubo ukuthuthukiswa kukhona ukukhanya nasemilenzeni, enika abantu abadala ithuba ukuhambisa ezweni. Amphibians angazi kanjani ukuhlafuna, bona ukugwinya yonke ukudla.

Lesi sigaba sisebenza kwelinye iqembu - izilwane zasemhlabeni legless (caecilians).

ezincelisayo

Ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ezincelisayo ubonakala ngokuba isici esibaluleke kakhulu. izilwane Young fanele kuze lo xuku ezidla nobisi. Yingakho igama lalowo isigaba.

Ezincelisayo, kukhona lenqwaba zilwane. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izilwane elula, futhi exotic: inkomo, inja, impisi, impungushe, ihlosi, indlulamithi, ibhubesi. Inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iye yashintsha kakhulu ezincelisayo. Futhi namhlanje kuba ifomu evamile zonke izilwane. Futhi bonke ngenxa yokuthi amalungu alesi sigaba bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ezihlukahlukene zezemvelo. amaqembu yezilwane ezinomgogodla alesi sigaba siphila emhlabeni wonke.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezincelisayo e isakhiwo sabo - izilwane kakhulu athuthukile. Izimpawu zaso esiwuphawu ezincelisayo yizona sezinwele, esinegazi elifudumele, inhliziyo emine chambered, futhi yebo, isakhiwo ekhethekile zobuchopho.

Amadlozi ezincelisayo kubhekwa ezihuquzelayo lasendulo. Ezinye izilwane yesimanje manje kukhona ukufana esimangalisayo lakamuva. Isici esiyinhloko ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo yilona hlaka engavamile skeleton.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezincelisayo ubuchopho esithuthuke kabanzana. Futhi abanye ngisho benawo zinamakhono amangalisayo, ezifana amahlengethwa futhi wezinkawu. Zonke amalungu alesi sigaba ukuhambisa nemilenze ukuthi babe iminwe.

Kwehlukanisa ngemacembu ezincelisayo

Ngokuvamile, leli qembu kuhlanganisa mayelana 4200 zilwane. Bonke ezahlukene kakhulu ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Ezinye izilwane ezincane kakhulu, kungashiwo, ngisho encane, kuyilapho abanye - nje giant. Kodwa nokho bahlala lizalele kahle, Nokho, abanye, kukhona on the esengozini yokuqothulwa, kodwa ngaphezulu iphutha umsebenzi womuntu.

Ngokuvamile, zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, kuye ngokuthi indlela nokuzala inzalo yabo, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: esinomhlapho, ama-marsupial futhi cloacal. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umuntu, ibhekisela ngokuqondile iqembu esinomhlapho. I zilwane ezingajwayelekile kakhulu - a cloacal. Azalela zabo zokugaya, bese zichanyuselwa.

Kodwa ama-marsupial nokuzala beya abasha, futhi kokuqeda inqubo yentuthuko esikhwameni sakhe. Kodwa njengoba izilwane esinomhlapho, basuke abazalwe bakheké ngokuphelele. Leli qembu kakhulu kabanzi emelelwa.

izinyoni

Emahlathini, ezimfundeni, ezindaweni amakhulu, ku izinkukhu amapulazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikuphi babe ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka, sonke sibhekene izinyoni. Banezinhliziyo ukubaluleka okukhulu kakhulu kwezomnotho kithi. Kungakanani ukudla sinikwa yenkukhu kuphela! Kunzima ukucabanga ngokuphila kwethu ngaphandle kwabo. Futhi uma lezi zinyoni ngesithakazelo esinjalo nabantu, ebangela ukuba benze lolu cwaningo.

Liklasi lonkhe yezinyoni zingahlukaniswa zibe amaqembu ezilandelayo: nentshe, izinyoni ejwayelekile, penguins.

Intshe ikakhulu abahlala eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia nase-Afrika. leli qembu izinyoni ayikwazi ukundiza, namaphiko awo ayifanele le njongo, kodwa ukusebenzisa kahle nonekhono ngesivinini kuze kube amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa ngehora.

Ukuze penguins zihlanganisa nesikhombisa zilwane. Izinyoni le zilwane kunalokho eyinqaba. Basuke zihlukaniswa kusuka kwamanye amalungu alesi sigaba. Yonke umzimba embozwe kubo izimpaphe elukhuni. I forelimbs akuzona amaphiko, hhayi amaphiko. A aphansi (bakhulise) nemilenze kuthiwa ezinolwebu. Move penguins e wemikhawulo aphansi, ukusiza umsila uqobo.

Yidla lezo zinyoni olwandle, ngoba sibhukuda kakhulu. Kukhona bakwazi ukukhiqiza yabo encane inhlanzi, ezinamagobolondo, ama-mollusk. Aya kolwandle ngosizo amaphiko, amaphiko, imilente kuthiwa kumphambukisa kudivayisi.

Nakuba penguin izinyoni, kodwa iningi isikhathi abasichitha emanzini. Yingakho bethule umdwebo elithile, njengoba e izilwane zasemanzini. Ngo amanzi penguins ongafinyelela ngesivinini amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka amathathu ngehora.

Omele ebaluleke kakhulu leli qembu yilona EMPEROR PENGUIN. ukuphakama kwalo ifinyelela namashumi amabili ngamasentimitha, kanye isisindo kuziwa amakhilogremu amane nanhlanu. UMbusi penguins ukuzalela amaqanda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umthetho, zivela iphuphu eyodwa kuphela.

izinyoni ejwayelekile

Ekilasini lesithathu iqembu esihleliwe izinyoni - inyoni ejwayelekile. Khona-ke kukhona kwezinhlobo ngokuyisisekelo flying. Basuke ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa indiza. izinyoni ezinjalo ezivamile emhlabeni wonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe uthuthe. Futhi kwenzeka lapho kuqala isizini abandayo, lapho izinyoni ufuna indawo evumelana ebusika, futhi ukufika kwentwasahlobo eze ekhaya. Ezinye amalungu aleli qembu kukhona ebusika futhi musani ukundiza, kodwa musa njalo ezisindayo yamakhaza, ngisho noma kudingeka izimpaphe obukhulu.

Ezingenamgogodla zezwe lethu

Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, zikhona izilwane ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ezingenamgogodla khona.

Ngakho, ezingenamgogodla ebonakala isakhiwo lula. Lezi zihlanganisa izimbaza, izinkalankala, izinambuzane, izicabucabu. Kulesi sigaba, it is esintwini abangaphezu kwesigidi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ezingenamgogodla ezaziwayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eziningi ezingenamgogodla empeleni izimuncagazi noma ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo noma izitshalo. izilwane ezinjalo zabiwa sasivumela ngokulinganayo emhlabeni wonke.

Lezi zilwane abaluleke kakhulu ukuze isimiso semvelo. izinsalela lukhuni of ezingenamgogodla lasendulo ukuthi babephila ezikhathini zasendulo, babe nemiklamo ezahlukene umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. okumqoka banayo abantu. Abaningi balaba bantu idla, ngaphezu, bajwayele njengoba feed for izilwane ezimbonini. Futhi sekuyisikhathi eside abanye abantu babe ezingenamgogodla elisetshenziswa control inkathazo.

Ngokuvamile, ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo kanye ezingenamgogodla imisebenzi yabo kule uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Bonke zibalulekile kubantu.

izici ngokuqhathanisa ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ezingenamgogodla

Ukukhuluma yezilwane ezinomgogodla nezilwane ezilwane ezingenamgogodla, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi banayo eziningi izici zayo.

Ngakho, ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, njengoba sishilo, yiba bony yangaphakathi noma induku cartilaginous, okungasekelwe ebonwe ezingenamgogodla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emgogodleni uvezwa uhlobo ngamapayipi, nobuchopho has Mnyango ungeminye yeminyango emihlanu. Ngo inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula kuhilela yezilwane ezinomgogodla gills, amaphaphu isikhumba. Kukhona ezimbili ekamelweni, inhliziyo emithathu ekamelweni noma emine chambered futhi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi isakhiwo avaliwe. Izitho umqondo zitholakala ekhanda. Amandla kungenxa ukusetshenziswa nemihlathi.

Ngokuqondene ezingenamgogodla, ngokuvamile zimane akheke okuningi lula kakhudlwana. skeleton Yangaphakathi banayo, futhi isimiso sezinzwa has a uhlobo knotty ka isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ayivaliwe. Inhliziyo e ezingenamgogodla kungaba olulodwa-chamber noma multi-ekamelweni. Izitho umqondo batholakala kulo lonke leli umzimba.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Zonke izici isakhiwo yezilwane ezinomgogodla ziwenza akwazi ukuthola ukuthi ukuzigcina ematasa. Okungukuthi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo kungase kahle ukuhamba, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho zifuna ukudla. Lokhu, eyayimfuqa ukuba ephambili inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izinga eliphakeme lempilo, ikhono uvikele izitha waqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane emhlabeni wonke Izindawo.

Izingane zesikole ukuqonda isakhiwo futhi ezicashile ukuphila yezilwane ezinomgogodla ukusiza isihloko ezifana efana biology. izilwane yezilwane ezinomgogodla kufundvwe e ebangeni lesithupha. Le timu kusiza ukuqonda imithetho inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okubonisa isibonelo sendlela izinto eziphilayo ziye savela kusukela elula eziphilayo ehleleke kakhulu.

Ukuba izinguquko eziningi futhi kugucuka, ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo kwafinyelela izinga yentuthuko evumela ukuthi ukuba ahole indlela yokuphila sasivumela asebenzayo, ukuzenzela ukudla, uvikele izitha, yakhe esikhulile.