Izimali ezinamandla, noma kuphi ukutshala imali ukulinganisela izingozi bese uthole imali eqinisekisiwe.

Imithombo ehlukile yenza okuthandayo kumadivayisi ahlukene. Indlela yokuqonda ulwazi oluphikisanayo nokuthi kuphi ukutshala ngokusebenza kahle?

Amaqembu okutshala izimali

Ngeshwa, ayikho ithuluzi lokutshala elihle elizohlinzeka ngemali engenayo inzuzo enomkhiqizo ophezulu oqinisekisiwe kanye nezingozi ezincane. Ama-deposit akhawunti kuma-banki ahlinzeka ngokuphepha okulinganiselwe kwezimali ezibekwe izimali, kodwa zibhekwa izinga eliphansi lemali engenayo. Izimali zomphakathi kanye nama-akhawunti we-PAMM kungaba nzuzo kakhulu, kodwa ingozi yokulahlekelwa imali iphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso sokuzuza kanye nezingozi, zonke izinsimbi zokutshalwa kwezimali zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:

1. I- Conservative . Eyaziwa yi-liquidity ephakeme kanye nesiqinisekiso sokuphepha ngezinga eliphansi lokuzuza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-deposit akhawunti kumabhange, izinsimbi eziyigugu (ama-bullions, izinhlamvu zemali), ezinye izinhlobo zendawo yokuhlala.

2. Ukulinganisela. Kubonakala ngesiqinisekiso esiphakeme sokuphepha kanye nesilinganiso esiphakathi senzuzo (kufika ku-35% ngonyaka). Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukutshala izimali ebhizinisini, izinhlobo ezithile zezimali zomphakathi kanye nezakhiwo.

3. ulaka. Eyaziwa njengendlela yokuthola imali ephezulu (ngaphezu kuka-100% ngonyaka), kanye nezingozi eziphezulu zokulahlekelwa konke noma cishe konke. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-akhawunti we-PAMM kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezimali zomphakathi.

Iphothifoliyo yokutshala izimali

Iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali okulinganiselayo , ehlanganisa wonke amaqembu amathathu okutshala izimali, yenza kube lula ukugcina kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwandisa inhloko yayo. Isabelo seqembu ngalinye kwiphothifoliyo sincike ekulindeni kwakho nokulungela ingozi. Ithebula libonisa izindlela ezimbili ezivame ukutshala izimali kanye nenani eliphakanyisiwe lokukhokha kubo:

Amathuluzi Ukulondoloza isidleke

Ukutshala izimali kungenxa yakho kubatshalizimali abanobudlova

Okubaluleke nakakhulu futhi uzimisele ukuthatha izingozi

I-Conservative 50% 20%

Ukulinganisa 40% 30%

I-aggressive 10% 50%

Inkolelo yokutshala izimali zephothifoliyo yanikezwa umklomelo weNobel ngo-1990 futhi yafakazela ngokusebenza kwayo ukusebenza. Ngentando, ungakhetha ukuthi uzotshala kuphi imali, futhi ukwandise futhi unciphise isabelo seqembu ngalinye kwiphothifoliyo yakho.

Amathuluzi okutshala izimali

Sizocubungula amathuluzi ayisithupha okutshala izimali okuthandwa kakhulu abashalizimali abaningi abakufaka kuzo ezikhundleni zabo.

Amadokhumenti ama-akhawunti kumabhange. Ngokuvamile, babhekisela ezitshalweni zokutshala izimali ezingavamile. Inzuzo enkulu yezimali zokubhankwa yibhange ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhoxisa izimali ezitshaliwe ngokugcwele noma ingxenye nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukunciphisa okuyinhloko yizinga lentengo elincane, ngokuvamile elingafihli izinga lezamanani emali. Ngokutshala imali ekukhokheni ama-akhawunti webhange okuyingxenye yomshuwalense we-deposit, uthola okungenani imali engenayo kodwa eqinisekisiwe engahambisani nokushintshashintsha nokuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha kwemali yakho. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise isitoreji, ukuqoqwa kwemithombo yemali kanye / noma ukufaka izindleko ezingalindelekile.

Igolide . Uma sicabangela igolide lezinto ezibonakalayo (ingots, izinhlamvu zemali), kunokuba yi-virtual kuma-akhawunti, khona-ke kubalwa njengezinsimbi zokutshala izimali ezingavamile. Izinkinga eziyinhloko yizi:

• Izindleko ezengeziwe ezingenakugwema, okufaka ukuthengwa nokugcinwa kwegolide nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu (intela ekuthengeni, ukuqashisa okuphephile, umshuwalense);

• Kungenakwenzeka ukubikezela intengo, isibonelo, eminyakeni yamuva, igolide ikhombisa inzuzo ephezulu, kanti kuze kube yamuva, cishe iminyaka engama-20, intengo yayo igcinwe ezingeni elifanayo.

Lelifa liyanconywa ukuthi lisetshenziselwe ukwakha isikhwama sokuzinza uma kwenzeka ukushaqeka okukhulu, njengezinkinga zomhlaba wonke, i-hyperinflation, njll. Njengoba igolide nezinsimbi eziyigugu azihambisani nezinye izimpahla (ukuhlala, izimpahla zokuphepha, njll), ukutholakala kwazo Iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshalwa kwezimali izovikela umthamo wakho ngisho nangemuva kwezimakethe eziwa phansi.

Impahla. Kungathiwa kokubili ithuluzi lokutshalwa kwezimali elisebenzayo futhi elilinganiselayo. Lapho uthenga impahla ngenhloso yokwenza imali, kubalulekile, okokuqala, ukuthi ube nesamba esibalulekile, futhi okwesibili, ukwazi ukuhlola le makethe futhi uqonde izitayela zayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kungase kungasebenzi. Izinkinga ezinkulu - izindleko zokugcinwa nokulungisa, ukwehla. Uma uqashisa impahla - abaqashi abangenalwazi abangalimaza impahla yakho, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhukhumeza omakhelwane bakho ngezansi bese bebeka izindleko ezengeziwe kuwe. Naphezu kokuthi ukuthengwa kwezindlu akuqinisekisi lutho, kungenza umsebenzi omuhle uma kusendaweni enhle: ngisho nasezikhathini zenkinga, izinto ezinjalo zithola kalula abaqashi babo.

Ukutshala izimali ebhizinisini. Ngokuzikhethela okulungile kwento yokutshalwa kwezimali, okuthembeka kwayo okuqinisekisiwe yiziqinisekiso zokuthi umuntu wesithathu kanye / noma ukubambisana, lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kungafakwa ekutheni ithuluzi lokutshala ngokulinganisela. Inzuzo enkulu yokutshalwa kwezimali emabhizinisini - amazinga ezenzalo aphakeme kunamabhondi asebhange, njengoba unikela ngemali ngqo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwezihambeli. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko lapho ukhetha ibhizinisi ukutshalwa kwe-inthanethi yilokho kumasayithi amaningi akekho ohlola amaphrojekthi athunyelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, akekho oqinisekisa ukubuya nokuzuza kwezimali ezibekiwe.

Kodwa-ke, maduzane kunezikhangiso ezinjalo ze-online, Ukugcina inzuzo enkulu - izithakazelo zemali ezibolekayo kusuka ku-15 kuya kwezingama-35%, bakwazi ukunikeza iziqinisekiso eziphezulu zokuphepha kwezimali ezibekwe izimali, ukukhanya nokufinyeleleka kokubili abatshalizimali nababolekayo:

1. Ukuthembeka nokuthembeka. Imiklamo yokuboleka inyatheliswa ngalezo zinsuku kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa kokuthembeka nokuxazululwa kwe-solvency. Ngenxa yokuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kolwazi okwangempela, hhayi isimo esimemeziwe (ngokuvumelana nemibhalo elawulwayo, ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwemibiko yokuphatha kanye nomphumela wokuhlolwa komuntu siqu okwenziwa ochwepheshe emasimini ebhizinisi), abatshalizimali bathola lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ngamathemba okuthuthukiswa kanye nezingozi ezingenzeka Amabhizinisi ababolekayo abangaba khona.

2. Iziqinisekiso zokubuyiswa kabusha. Izibophezelo zababolekisi kubatshali zimali ziqinisekiswe yizinkampani zangaphandle noma izibambiso.

Ukuphathwa kweengozi. Ngokuya endleleni oyikhethayo yokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele, ungakhetha amaphrojekthi amaningi okukhiqiza ngezinga eliphansi lokuthembeka nokuxazululwa kwezimali noma ukutshala izimali ebhizinisini elinokulinganisela okuzinzile kodwa ngezinga eliphansi lokuboleka imali. Futhi, ungakwazi ukukhipha imali ekhokhelwa ingxenye yengxenye eceliwe njengengxenye yeqembu labanye abatshalizimali.

Izimali zomphakathi. Kuye ngohlobo lwemali (izimali zezibambiso, ama-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-real estate, njll) kanye nesitayela sokutshala izimali kwenkampani yokuphatha (isibonelo, inkampani ikhetha ukwabelana kwamabhizinisi akhula ngokushesha), Lolu hlobo lokutshala izimali lungabhekiswa kokubili kokusebenza okulinganiselayo nokuhlukumezayo. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko - azidingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqala, ukuphathwa kwemali yakho kwenziwa ngabaphathi abaqeqeshiwe. Izinkinga eziyinhloko yizi:

1. Inkimbinkimbi yokuzikhethela. Njengamanje, kunezigidi ezingaphezu kwezingu-30,000 zomphakathi emhlabeni wonke, okuvame ukuholela eqinisweni lokuthi kuphela ochwepheshe abangakhetha isikhwama esifanele kakhulu ngezinhloso zakho.

2. Ukuntuleka kweziqinisekiso. Ngaphansi kwezimali zomphakathi eziphathekayo zinelungelo lokukhuluma kuphela ngezinga lokuzuza kwezikhathi zangaphambilini. Ngenxa yalokho, isilinganiso senzuzo nenengozi kungaba yimuphi, ngoba inzuzo ayilungisiwe, futhi ukubuyiswa kwezimali akuqinisekisiwe.

3. Izindleko ezengeziwe. Izinkampani zokuphatha zikhokhisa ikhomishana efika ku-5% ekungeneni nasekuphumeni, kanye nensizakalo njengendlela yenzuzo ekhishwa minyaka yonke ekhokhelwa inkampani yokuphatha, ngisho noma isikhwama sibhekene nokulahlekelwa.

Ama-akhawunti we-PAMM. Enye yamathuluzi okutshala izimali. Lapha kukhona kokubili amathuba okuthola imali esheshayo nephezulu, kanye namathuba aphezulu okulahlekelwa zonke izimali ezitshaliwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngisho noma ukhetha ngokucophelela imenenja ye-akhawunti yakho (umhwebi), okwakunezinkomba eziphezulu zokuzuzisa esikhathini esidlule, lokhu akuqinisekisi ngokuphepha nokuzuzisa kokutshalwa kwezimali.

Isifinyezo

Njengamanje, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuzuzisa izimali zakho kutholakala cishe kuwo wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lenani lemali lokuqala. Ungakwazi ukuphatha izimali eziningi eziku-intanethi, okukhulisa amathuba akho amaningi. Uma ukuphathwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwazo zonke izinsimbi zokutshala kubonakala kunzima kuwe, kutuswa ukuthi ukhethe amathuluzi alinganisiwe, njengokutshala izimali ebhizinisini. Ngokutshala izimali ezinkampanini ezahlukene (kokubili iziqinisekiso ezikhokhelwayo eziphezulu nokukhokhela okuphezulu), uthola iphothifoliyo ephumelelayo, ukulawula ithuluzi elilodwa lokutshalwa kwezimali.