Bezakhiwe functionalism T. Parsons futhi R.Merton

functionalism Bezakhiwe kuyinto mkhuba okuholela kwabantu. Yaklanyelwa ngemisebenzi Talcott Parsons futhi ngokucophelela Robert Merton. Cabanga imiqondo yabo kabanzi.

T. Parsons - UProfesa abaphezulu be-Faculty of Sociology eHarvard langena emlandweni wesayensi njengoba uMdali ohlangothini olusha. functionalism Bezakhiwe emisebenzini yakhe ngokucophelela futhi kahle athuthukile. Izinhlinzeko main eziye zavela kubo, zimi kanje.

1. functionalism wezakhiwo uthi isinyathelo somphakathi ubunye subsystems ezintathu: isihloko isenzo, isimo esithile neziqondiso value-normative njengombandela wokubamba isenzo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka eziyinkimbinkimbi self-ukuhlela okuyinto kuyahluka volyuntaristichnostyu, zokulawula kanye afanekiselayo.
2. Esikhathini kohlaka uhlelo olukhethekile isinyathelo ukuhlaziywa uhlelo lakhiwe. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka wesifunda tetrafunctional olukwaziyo umphakathi analytically ihlukaniswe subsystems ezine: kokuziphatha umzimba ungubani, isiko kanye esimisweni sezenhlalo.
3. T. Parsons ukunakwa ngokuthi inkinga ukuzinza nokusimama eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze zikhule kahle futhi khona sotsisistemy kuyodingeka enze imisebenzi ethile. Lena lithathelwe imvelo; tseledostizheniya; ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokudidiyela lwazo zonke izinto; nokugcinwa izinkambiso, imithetho kanye amaphethini.
4. functionalism Bezakhiwe Parsons uthi isidingo ukuzivumelanisa subsystem kwezomnotho. imisebenzi zako ziyizindlela tseledostizheniya, ukuhlanganiswa nezinye iinhlangano nokugcina uhlelo yamazinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubaluleka komphakathi ejensi enze.
5. imiphakathi eminingi ekhona namuhla akuyona ezinye izinhlobo zawo okungahleliwe. Lokhu - lonke uhlelo, izingxenye zalo umahluko kusuka komunye nomunye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babe zihlanganisiwe ngesisekelo nokuncika komunye nomunye.
6. Uhlobo yesimanje emphakathini uyakwazi kwenzeke kuphela endaweni kwemvelo. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje - iyona West.

functionalism Bezakhiwe R. Merton ligxile isilinganiso ukuhlaziywa sotssistem. Kusekelwe eziningana nangezinye izizathu kuka mqondo Parsons. Njengoba yokugcina ugxila kuphela izici zabo nokusebenza kwezimiso kanye nezinhlaka ukunikeza ukuhleleka emphakathini. Merton naye wanikezela ukunaka kwakhe ukungasebenzi kanye enezinkinga, okuholela ekwandeni zingcindezi, izingxabano, ukwephula emphakathini. Kulokhu sikhuluma lithathelwe ezimbi wetakhiwo main.

Central ukuze umqondo wakhe kuyinto isifundiso izinhlobo ukubonakala imisebenzi - esikhoselweni kanye nezisobala. Eyokuqala kuphakama uma kuziwa imiphumela lutho futhi ongahlosiwe isinyathelo somphakathi, kanti eyesibili - a ngamabomu futhi umgomo.

Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ekuthuthukiseni R. Merton imfundiso yokuziphendukela anomalies nokuziphatha ezihlanekezelwe. Yabo usosayensi ukubukeka uthathwa njengoba umphumela ukubonakaliswa kokuntengantenga, lesi sifo, nalesi sifo nokuthi enezinkinga esimisweni sezenhlalo. Lunqume ukwanda ekuphila nekutiphatsa nemibono we ukuhlanekezela ukwazi ngabanye kanye nomphakathi. Watadisha ngokuningiliziwe yokuhlalisana kwabantu ukuzibonakalisa, imithi kanye nesayensi.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela functionalism R. Merton lukhombisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu lithathelwe:

• conformism, lapho imigomo nezindlela ukufeza umuntu wamukela ngokugcwele;
• emisha, lapho wahlanganisa imigomo kuphela;
• yenkambiso, lapho waqaphela izindlela ukufeza;
• retritizm ophika ukuthi, nomunye;
• ukuvukela kusho umbhikisho.