Izimbangela French Revolution, yonke le minyaka, izenzakalo, imiphumela

The French Revolution njengoba ukuguqulwa elikhulu amasistimu zezombangazwe nezenhlalo yezwe nokuqedwa ephelele yokubusa kwamakhosi ngokuphelele ezaziwayo. Ngokwezazi-mlando, wahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi (kusuka 1789 kuya 1799).

izizathu

France kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili - kuba lizwe nge kwamakhosi ngokuphelele kanye Imininingwane zingaqiniseki emkhakheni kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho. Amandla e uhulumeni wakhe wencike yinye ezempi kanye bureaucratic. Ngenxa yezimpi zombango ongumlimi eminingi ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze, ababusi kwadingeka ukuba nokubonelela disadvantageous ngokwakho (nge abalimi, onxiwankulu, amakilasi nelungelo). Kodwa ngisho nesabelo, uquqaba ezaziya ziba enganelisekile.

Igagasi lokuqala ephikisayo rose ngisho phakathi nokubusa uLouis XV, futhi yayina kakhulu ngesikhathi kubusa Louis XVI. Uphalafini emlilweni wathela umsebenzi zefilosofi nezombusazwe othisha (isib, Lakho ukugxeka uhulumeni, ebiza inkosi umgabadeli, futhi Rousseau Radel amalungelo abantu). Ngakho, ukunganeliseki ovuthiwe hhayi kuphela e kwezakhi engezansi labantu, kodwa futhi phakathi umphakathi abafundile.

Ngakho, kwezimbangela eziyinhloko-French Revolution:

• ukunqabela futhi yokujama tsi of ubudlelwano emakethe;
• lokudlela ohlelweni okulawula;
• inkohlakalo kanye ukudayiswa somphakathi;
• uhlelo engaqondakali intela;
• kahle esinamazwi umthetho;
• uhlelo zakudala amalungelo amaklasi ezahlukene;
• ukungalethembi neziphathimandla;
• isidingo setingucuko emikhakheni kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe.

imicimbi

Izizathu ngenhla ukuze French Revolution kuphela libonise isimo sangaphakathi ezweni. Kodwa umfutho kokuqala inguquko eyalwa sokuzibusa eMelika lapho amakoloni IsiZulu bahlubuka. Lokhu kwaba uphawu for wonke amakilasi ukusekela umbono kwamalungelo wobuntu, inkululeko nokulingana.

Impi edingekayo izindleko enkulu izimali yengcebo uphelé, kufika kusilela. Kwanqunywa ukuba abize United-Jikelele, ukuze afeze uguquko kwezezimali. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi yayihloselwe yinkosi nabeluleki bakhe akwenzekanga. Phakathi nomhlangano e SaseVersailles izindlu lwesithathu uvukile ephikisana futhi wamemezela ngokwabo yesiBethamthetho seNarha, waphoqelela uMthethosisekelo French.

Ngokombono mlando, ngqo French Revolution (ezigabeni uzobe kafushane echazwe) owaqala ngokuvukela Storming we Bastille - uphawu yokubusa kwamakhosi - Julayi 14, 1789.

Zonke izenzakalo kweminyaka eyishumi kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili:

1. ohlanga komThethosisekelo (kuze 1792).
2. isikhathi Girondist (kuze Meyi 1793).
3. isikhathi Jacobean (kuze 1794).
4. isikhathi Thermidor (kuze 1795).
5. isikhathi Directoire (kuze 1799).
6. Icebo lika Bryumersky (ekupheleni inguquko, ngo-November 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte athatha izintambo).

Izimbangela French Revolution kule eyishumi futhi engakaze zixazululwe, kodwa abantu nethemba lekusasa elingcono, futhi Bonaparte baba yabo "umsindisi," futhi umbusi.

ohlanga

Korol Lyudovik XVI wagudluzwa Septhemba 21, 1792, ngemva esigodlweni sakhe, ezungezwe mayelana amabini anamahlanu amawaka amavukelambuso.

Ndawonye nomkhaya wakhe lalivaliwe ethempelini. Monarch asolwa ngokuthi uvukela isizwe nombuso. Louis sazilahla bonke abameli ecaleni, esekelwe uMthethosisekelo, waziphendulela. Isinqumo zamaphini amabili nane, elahlwe futhi isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. Januwari 21, 1793 isigwebo wathwalwa wayiswa umphumela. Okthoba 16, 1793 wabulawa nomkakhe uMarie-Antoinette.

Ngemva ukukhishwa Louis XVI , amanye amazwe kanye monarchists French neyaziwayo yinkosi bendodana yakhe encane Louis-Charles. Nokho, akazange ezimiselwe lokuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi umfana ushone ethempelini, endaweni sokuboshwa kwakhe. Ngokusemthethweni, imbangela yokufa sasitholakala sofuba.

Ngakho, kuzo zonke izingane ezihlala kwakukhona kuphela Maria Teresa, okuyinto ededelwa ejele ngo-1793 ukuze enane iziboshwa French empi. Yena waya kude. Ekhaya, wakwazi ukubuyela kuphela 1814.

Imiphumela

Imiphumela French Revolution, kangangokuthi kwawa oludala livelile. Izwe liye langena enkathini entsha nge Ngokuzayo yeningi kanye ezithuthukayo.

Kodwa izazimlando abaningi bathi izimbangela French Revolution alilindele ukuguqulwa eside futhi olunegazi ezinjalo. Ngokusho Aleksisa Tokvilya, into eyaholela Icebo lika kwakuyokwenzekani ngokwaso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngeke ziye zabangela abantu abaningi kangaka.

Enye ingxenye mlando uyakwazisa ukubaluleka French Revolution, siphawula ukuthi, ngokusekelwe Ngokwesibonelo yayo, Latin America khulula kusuka ikoloni.