Gastev Alex Kapitonovich: Biography nesithombe

Ukuba imbongi kwamaBolshevik inkathi, lo muntu abe yiphayona ohlelweni ukuphathwa inqubo ukukhiqizwa kanye nomsebenzi kunhlangano. Wazama ukuthuthukisa inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela pedagogy zezimboni, okuyinto kanye qha kwenela angabekwa indima wezandla kwengqondo.

Futhi Gastev Alex Kapitonovich eyaduma izinkondlo ensimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lowo muntu echitha isikhathi esiningi ekusizeni abantu abavamile. zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele wakhe esayensi futhi sisasebenza nanamuhla HR abaphathi abaphezulu uzama ngokukhalipha ahlele ukuhamba kwezinto. Alo, ngubani-ke, Gastev Aleksey Kapitonovich, nokuthi sonke siyalazi leli, yebo, abantu abanamakhono? Cabanga ngalo mbuzo kabanzi.

Iminyaka Engu esakhula

Ngakho, ama-athikili iqhawe - Gastev Aleksey Kapitonovich. Biography kafushane le isibalo somphakathi, imbongi, izinguquko kanye umhlaziyi lenhlangano zomsebenzi ngokuqinisekile ibe wusizo okungenani imfundo jikelele.

Wazalwa edolobheni Suzdal. Gastev Alex Kapitonovich (usuku lokuzalwa - Septhemba 26, 1882) ekuseni kakhulu walahlekelwa uyise, ubesebenza njengodokotela wezifo uthisha esikoleni esivamile. Wahlala nge kanina, owayesebenzisa wathola ukuthunga izingubo, wabasiza wakhe kusukela esemncane ukuthi umndeni wakubo ngeke abe mpofu. Futhi, naphezu kwesimo esinzima kwezezimali, umfana namanje ilubeke esikoleni.

Benethemba lokuba uthisha

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuphela Gastev Alex Kapitonovich lokuqala uya esikoleni, bese owaba umfundi we izifundo zobuchwepheshe. Le nsizwa ekuboniseni ukukhuthala ezifundweni zabo, ngakho uyala ukuba wonke amathuba ukuba abe umfundi we-Moscow Teachers 'Institute, futhi akusho yithuba. Nokho, lapho esemusha waba nesithakazelo kule nhlangano wamavukelambuso kakhulu, ngakho esikoleni esiphakeme ngenhla, akazange aqede ngenxa ukukhishwa yayo bangezi.

Kuvele adherent imiqondo Revolution

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nesishiyagalombili Gastev Alex Kapitonovich iba wamalungelo esivuthayo impilo zezombusazwe yezwe, usekela "olukhulu kwesokunxele" ukugeleza.

Yena siyakhukhumala kwababusi RSDLP. Ngokwemvelo, le nsizwa siqala ukubonakala gendarmerie futhi equliswa ukuboshwa eziningi nezixhumanisi, odonsa isigwebo esikhathini Arkhangelsk, Vologda, isifundazwe saseTomsk.

Phakathi, yena exhumanisa lomtshikatshika abasebenzi amabhizinisi zezimboni laseKharkov, eSt Petersburg. Ngo-1906, le nsizwa iqala ukukhuthaza kanye ukusekela wumfelandawonye wezinyunyana. Kuze Okthoba Revolution Alexei Kapitonovich, ngokuba ekhaya isimo isifiki emthethweni, ngokuphindaphindiwe ecashele neziphathimandla phesheya, ikakhulukazi e-Paris.

Ngo-1907 u-Aleksey Kapitonovich Gastev, ogama biography eqhukethe ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo Kuyaphawuleka, wazihlanganisa ibhodi Petrograd Metalworkers 'Union futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho waba unobhala leKomiti Central isakhiwo. Kodwa emva kwempi, ogcizelela sigudluke kancane emisebenzini babo bomsebenzi.

ngokubhala Niva

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 u-Aleksey Kapitonovich Gastev kabani isithombe ongakabi uvele nabezindaba, iqala ukuba embule ithalente imbongi.

DEBUT yakhe umsebenzi, ezavela cindezela ngo-1904, wabizwa ngokuthi "Ezingemuva". Kwaba indaba esitshela ngokuphila nzima izishoshovu zezombusazwe abaye badingiselwa emakhoneni akude njengezitha zezwe lokhokho. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, yaqala ukushicilela amaqoqo imisebenzi Gasteva, owokugcina yiziphi aphuma 1923 eMoscow.

khathizwe entsha

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-20-yalolucwaningo Alexei Kapitonovich kancane kancane ushiya emkhakheni letingemaciniso kanye uya ekuqaleni ukuba ahileleke izinkinga zabasebenzi ukuhleleka. He omula dalo we Central Institute of Labour (CIT) ngaphansi Trade Unions yena kwaholela indalo yakhe.

Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi isakhiwo Gasteva kungenzeka ukusebenzisa konke ukungenelela amacebo akhe, ebekwe zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele ngokwesayensi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, wabahola CIT, le wamavukelambuso wangaphambili wakwazi ukufundisa amasu akhe, amakhulu ezinkulungwane izisebenzi, futhi, ngokubona abaqondisi amabhizinisi, ziye zaba ochwepheshe abanekhono emkhakheni wabo.

Udumo lesikhungo, inhloko okwakukhona Aleksey Gastev, waqala ukusakaza ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi ngokushesha ESIKHONA othisha waqala ngikufundise abasebenzi ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zaleli USSR.

nezindaba ngezihloko ezihlukene zokuhamba komsebenzi

Njengoba kulindelekile, i-30s kwakukhona ukushiyeka kwethu okungathí sina uhlelo yenhlangano okufukuzwa kulo amabhizinisi Soviet.

Vele nabo abayinakanga Gastev Alex Kapitonovich. "Indlela kufanele Ngisebenza?" - lena igama umsebenzi wakhe yesayensi abazinikele ngokucophelela ukuhlela ukuhamba komsebenzi. Umbhali waveza ukuthi abantu abasebenza ekuqaleni wayengazi ukuthi ukusebenza amaqembu, futhi ngokuvamile umelana ukulalela umuntu oma ngenhla isitebhisi.

Futhi-ke, ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzi engawunaki coaching Ovela phezulu, angaboni lutho olubi ngalokho. Sidingida lezi zinkinga ngokuningiliziwe Gastev, futhi, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, ngemva kokufunda izincwadi, umuntu ufuna ngempela sokuba umqondisi nesisebenzi isiyalo.

"Ukuziphatha okuxekethile okuzenzekelayo - empandeni okubi"

Umbhali ukholelwa, sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kudingeka revolution isiko. Futhi imfundo kwamasiko ngeke ukuthuthukiswa uma kungekho ziphathelene "okubi nokuguqulwa" futhi umi isiko kwansuku imithetho umphakathi, okuyinto lokulawula umbuso umsoco ofanele futhi lonke ukuhlela usuku. Kodwa lokhu kukodwa akwanele ukuze nginqande leso simo.

Kuyadingeka ukuba ngcono emkhathini zenhlalo-ngokwengqondo umphakathi ukuthi kuzovumela umuntu angakwazi ukulawula indlela aziphatha nemizwelo yazo.

"Ukucabanga Lean"

Ngo-1924 wanyathelisa enye eliyisisekelo umsebenzi Gasteva. Ibizwa ngokuthi "umsebenzi zengqondo." Kulesi wokulandisa Alex Kapitonovich ihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe ukuqeqeshwa amasu zabasebenzi theory ESIKHONA.

imfundiso lakhe kwezesayensi isibe uyisicekelo ukudalwa izimiso yesimanje yokucabanga mafutha. Gastev eshicilelwe iziqondiso eziningana ukulungiswa uhla abasebenzi, kufaka phakathi: umakhenikha, isisebenzi yendwangu, zikagesi, umkhandi wensimbi, aviator, turner. Ekutadisheni kwabo, inhloso zazo kwakuwukwenza abasebenzayo, u-Alexei Kapitonovich indlela uye wahilela ekutadisheni ukunyakaza ekwenzeni umsebenzi othize.

Njengoba ithuluzi ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya, wakhetha tsiklografiyu (izifinyezo izakhi ezithile womuntu ezinyakazayo ezithweni ezithinteka ngokuqondile emshikashikeni). Ukuba impumelelo izuzwe ocwaningweni, wase utfutsela global Ochwepheshe kabusha imfundo, emisa le njongo inkampani commercial "Faka". isipiliyoni Kakhulu pre-impi kanye nobudala post-zezimboni, phesheya ngoba ibhizinisi eziphambili, inikwe amandla usosayensi cishe zaveza imfundiso yokuziphendukela yesayensi Labour Organization (ITSHWAYO), izimiso zazo ziye zamukela ngisho e-United States.

Kodwa nezikhulu zaseSoviet sasimathintanyawo ka izimiso mafutha Gasteva, futhi ucwaningo lwesayensi, njengoba kubekiwe eziningi zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele, bona abazange bazikhathaze ngayo.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-30-yalolucwaningo Alexei Kapitonovich baba umhleli oyinhloko we umagazini "Bulletin Standardization". Waphinde wasebenza e ukuphrinta "Ukubeka abasebenzayo" futhi "inhlangano labour".

Usosayensi wazama ukuthi izwe ngenhloso nangobuchule. Ngo imisebenzi yabo yesayensi, lapho alisaveli inguquko emhlabeni futhi cosmopolitanism, kuba ekhathalela kakhulu izinkinga kumuntu ovamile. Inani labo esisebenzayo makhulu futhi ngesikhathi lanamuhla.

Ngo-1938, usosayensi waboshwa ku ukulahlwa zamanga "i-KGB." Ngo-1939 Alexey Gastev wadutshulwa.