Publications nokubhala izihlokoIndaba

Izimpawu isitayela yesayensi kombhalo. Izici eziyinhloko isitayela yesayensi yokukhuluma

Ngo yesimanje Russian isinqumo ukwaba izitayela ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo yokukhuluma. Ngamunye wabo libhekene amaqembu athile abantu futhi izinhlobo journalism. Inzima kakhulu ukuthi siqonde ubhekwa isitayela yesayensi yokukhuluma. Isizathu salokhu inombolo enkulu inclusions embhalweni imigomo ezikhethekile.

imiqondo Jikelele

ulimi Scientific kuyindlela yokuxhumana ukufundisa, ucwaningo kanye nomsebenzi professional kohlaziyo. Nale isitayela ubhala ematheksthi empilweni yangempela ngesizathu esisodwa noma kwenye ubuso wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokukhetha. Abantu abaningi basabela kangcono ngolimi lwesayensi ngomlomo. Kuze kube manje, emakhono imithetho lesi sitayela ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu isiko Russian. inkulumo Scientific ngokuvamile isibaluli ulimi etemibhalo (bookish). Isizathu lokhu Timiso enjalo izinkondlo nezici zendlela yokubhala njengoba uhlamvu monological, isifiso kulesetayelekile amagama, ucabanga ukuthi inkulumo yinye ngayinye kanye nohlu okuqinile izindlela yokukhuluma.

Umlando okuvela isitayela

inkulumo Scientific wabonakala ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha emikhakheni ehlukahlukene entsha ezindaweni ewumngcingo-Iphrofayela zokuphila. Ekuqaleni, lesi sitayela zokubukwa ingafaniswa i lelandzisako kwezobuciko. Nokho, esikhathini Aleksandriya ngolimi lwesayensi kancane kancane uhlukane izincwadi. Ngalezo zinsuku, amaGreki wayevame ukusebenzisa igama elithi amagama akhethekile ukuthi abantu abavamile nje abakwazanga ukuthatha kahle. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi baqala ukubona izimpawu isitayela yesayensi.

Zokuqala amagama ezikhethekile kwaba kuphela ngesiLatini. Nokho, maduzane nje, ososayensi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ziye zaqala ukuhumusha ezilimini zabo. Noma kunjalo, imodi wezizwe yokudlulisa ulwazi lwesayensi nokuthi Latin isekhona kuze kube yilolu suku. Phakathi Renaissance, osolwazi abaningi bephishekela ukunemba kanye ngobufushane ubhala ematheksthi abahambayo esiphezulu kude izakhi bokubeka indaba, njengoba etemibhalo imizwelo ngokuphambene canons kumephu okunomqondo izinto.

"Liberation" isitayela yesayensi kuhamba kancane. Isibonelo amazwi engathandeki of Descartes ngemisebenzi uGalileo, ukuthi umbhalo fictionalized kakhulu. Lo mbono olwabiwa Kepler, uma sicabangela ukuthi u-physics Italian ngokuvamile ngokungadingekile asebenzise incazelo bokubeka ngokwesimo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imodeli isitayela kwaba umsebenzi Newton. ngolimi lwesayensi Russian waqala ukuthatha ukuma kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Ngalesi sikhathi, abalobi bencwadi izincwadi ezifanele futhi abahumushi baqala ukwakha amagama ayo. Phakathi nekhulu le-18, Mikhail Lomonosov nabalandeli bakhe emenza kumiswa isitayela yesayensi. amakhosi Abaningi baye bancika imisebenzi usosayensi Russian, kodwa ekugcineni itheminoloji kwathiwa eligoqiwe ndawonye kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

Izinhlobo isitayela yesayensi

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo 2 ngeengaba: bendabuko kanye enwetshiwe. Ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla, isiRashiya 4 izinhlobo isitayela yesayensi. Ngamunye wabo has izici zayo siqu kanye nezidingo.

Ukwahlukaniswa bendabuko:

1. ethandwa isayensi umbhalo. isisulu sakhe izithameli ukuthi akanawo amakhono akhethekile ulwazi endaweni ethile. Popular isayensi umbhalo azigcina iningi imigomo ukucaciseleka zokubukwa, kodwa ubuntu bakhe is kakhulu lula bezibona. Futhi kule isitayela it ovunyelwe usebenzise ifomu ngokomzwelo futhi ekhululekile yokukhuluma. Inhloso yayo ukuze yazi umphakathi jikelele nge amaqiniso athile kanye izenzakalo. Shono ekupheleni 1980 kwakukhona zenyathi isitayela - umbhalo yesayensi nokulotshwa kwalo. It lincishisiwe ukusetshenziswa matemu nezinombolo, futhi ukuba khona kwabo has a incazelo eningiliziwe.

Ukuze isitayela yesayensi futhi ethandwa libhekene izici ezilandelayo: ukuqhathanisa ngezinto zangamalanga, lula ukufunda nokulalela, ubulula indaba izenzakalo yangasese ngaphandle ngezigaba kanye ukubuyekeza jikelele. Isethulo lolu hlobo ngokuvamile kunyatheliswa ezincwadini, komagazini, ama-encyclopedia zezingane.

2. Sikhungo nombhalo ngokwesayensi. Ekhelini imisebenzi enjalo kukhona abafundi. Injongo umyalezo - bajwayelane amaqiniso ezidingekile bezibona a izinto ezithile. Imininingwane uvezwa ngendlela jikelele nge ngaphezulu izibonelo ejwayelekile. Lesi sitayela esivela ukusetshenziswa kwamatemu professional, ngezigaba esiqinile futhi ushintsho oluhle kusukela ucwaningo ezithile. Imisebenzi eshicilelwe izincwadi namabhukwana. 3. Umbhalo Strictly ngokwesayensi. Nazi ekhelini wekhono ubuciko kanye netifundziswa. Inhloso ukuchaza amaqiniso athile okwatholwa imithetho. isitayela Scientific, izibonelo zazo ingatholakala mqondo, imibiko kanye nokubuyekezwa, hhayi kuphela evumela ukusetshenziswa amagama, kodwa futhi bezemotsionalnye siqu iziphetho.

4. Umbhalo Technical nesayensi. Imisebenzi yalolu hlobo ikheli isitayela Ochwepheshe iphrofayela emincane. Inhloso lolwati izimpumelelo umkhuba.

Esikhathini ngezigaba enwetshiwe, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo oshiwo ngenhla, futhi kuhlanganisa imibhalo informativno- kanye inkomba nesayensi.

Kubaluleka isitayela yesayensi

Variability ka izinhlobo ulimi kusekelwe izakhiwo jikelele yezilimi umsebenzi inkulumo, wabonakaliswa kungakhathaliseki esifundeni (yobuntu, enembile, yemvelo) uhlobo umehluko.

Ububanzi yesayensi zokuxhumana isitayela lihlukile kakhulu ukuthi injongo yayo iwukuhlola ocacile Inkulumo okunengqondo endleleni yokucabanga. Ifomu eyinhloko ulimi ingabe imiqondo, ukucabanga, izitatimende ashukumisayo evelayo ngokulandelana. inkulumo Scientific kufanele njalo uyogcwala agumenti ukuthi ngabe podcherchivali ukucabanga okunengqondo. Zonke izahlulelo zisekelwe zamagama kanye nokuhlaziywa ukwaziswa okukhona.

Izimpawu yesayensi isitayela sombhalo ukuthatha imvelo abstracted futhi generalized. Common extralinguistic izici inkulumo futhi izindawo imi kanje:

  1. Abstraction futhi nje okungaqondile zokubukwa. Cishe wonke amagama isho noma yiluphi eside noma into abstract. Esikhathini imibuthano ewumngcingo ungezwakala into efana isitayela generalized ngokwesayensi. Izibonelo yayo timphawu letehlukene: i predominance embhalweni emabito, ukusetshenziswa imiqondo ezivamile, ukusetshenziswa isenzo ezilinganiselwe design yokwenziwa imishwana.
  2. Ukungaguquguquki zokubukwa. Zonke izitatimende zisekelwe njalo nangokunembile, amaqiniso ezihlobene. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa le-syntax ekhethekile futhi izindlela ezithile zokuxhumana.
  3. Ukunemba isethulo. Le mpahla isitayela yesayensi yokukhuluma ibangelwa ngenxa ukusetshenziswa njalo imigomo, izinkulumo ocacile nolwazimagama amazwi kuyaqondakala.
  4. Ubufakazi isethulo. agumenti ngamunye kufanele lusekelwe agumenti ezifanele. Gcwalisa isikhala isethulo. Semantic umbiko umthwalo emapayipini endle akhethiwe yesayensi.
  5. I umnqopho isethulo. Ukungabikho umbono siqu nokudluliswa okushiwo umbhalo. Zonke izitatimende igxile isihloko umbiko futhi sithole ifomu engenabuntu yokukhuluma.

Izici ulimi

isitayela Scientific uthola inkulumo kanye nenkulumo yayo ukungaguquguquki amayunithi ezithile. ulimi yakhe izici kungaba izinhlobo ezintathu:

  1. amayunithi lucebe. Anqume obusebenzayo nesitayela Umbala wombhalo. Basuke izimpawu amafomu morphological ethize kanye izakhiwo syntactic.
  2. ubunye kwesitayela. Lubhekele kokungathathi hlangothi obusebenzayo umthwalo umbhalo. Ngakho, lunqume kuyinto predominance yabo belinani umbiko. Eceleni amayunithi wawubona atholakala ifomu amafomu morphological. Ngaphansi ngokuvamile, they thola ezakhiwe syntactical.
  3. Mezhstilevaya iyunithi. Kanti futhi wabhekisela izakhi zolimi njengoba hlangothi. Zisetshenziswa zonke izitayela yokukhuluma. 'Hwebani ingxenye elikhulu umbhalo.

isitayela Scientific nezici

Njalo nokuma yokukhuluma unendlela yawo ukuboniswa izakhiwo. Izici eziyinhloko isitayela yesayensi: lucebe, ngokolimi syntactic.

Izici Uhlobo lokuqala zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa phraseology ezikhethekile kanye amatemu. izici lucebe isitayela yesayensi yokukhuluma zivame kakhulu okutholakala emazwini nge value othize. Izibonelo "umzimba" - a term physics "acid" - yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, njll Futhi, lezi zici esivela generalising ukusetshenziswa amazwi anjengokuthi "ngokuvamile", "ngokuvamile", "njalo". Ekhululekile futhi isichazamazwi eyayivame kudliwe akufanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bavunyelwe ibinzana-ujabule izibalo ahlukahlukene nezinhlamvu. Kulokhu, kufanele libe izixhumanisi imithombo yokwaziswa. Kubalulekile ukuthi wawugcwele amazwi ngamazwe. Ukulandisa isuka kwingxenye yesithathu ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa njalo bomcondvofana. izici lucebe isitayela yesayensi - 6 ukuqeqeshwa ekilasini esikoleni esiphakeme, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe ngolimi ethandwa. Uzkoprofilnye amagama akuyona ovamile. izici neziLimi isitayela yesayensi umbhalo kumelwe zivumelane nalokho okufunwa ezifana umnqopho kanye unemotional. Kubalulekile ukuthi zonke amabinzana imiqondo yamagama edidayo.

izici Syntactic isitayela yesayensi: ukusetshenziswa ngomqondo okhethekile we isabizwana "thina", nokudlanga eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhiwo iziphakamiso, ukusetshenziswa isilandiso. Imininingwane kufakwa ifomu engenabuntu amazwi nenqubo ejwayelekile. Kabanzi achazayo, yokwenziwa kanye plug design iziphakamiso.

Zonke izici eziyinhloko isitayela yesayensi yokukhuluma ziphakamisa umbhalo Ukwakheka ekhethekile. Umbiko kufanele ihlukaniswe izingxenye enesihloko esifanelekayo esithi. Kubalulekile ukuthi umbhalo lalinabashumayeli ngesingeniso, izisekelo netiphetfo.

isitayela Scientific: izici lucebe

Ifomu main yokukhuluma professional ngekukhula yokucabanga umqondo. Yingakho lesi sitayela iyunithi lucebe limelela into abstract noma mkhuba. Engavamile futhi ngokunembile imiqondo enjalo ezikhethekile avumela ukudalula imigomo. Ngaphandle kwalezi amagama noma izisho ekhombisa isenzo esithile etinhlotjeni letibanti ewumngcingo imisebenzi, akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange isitayela lwesayensi lwanamuhla. Izibonelo lafana izindlela zezinombolo zenith yoma, ububanzi radar, isigaba, nezibhebhe, izinga lokushisa, uphawu, laser nabanye.

Ngaphakathi uhlelo lucebe kulezinkulumo njalo ngalokuvakalako. Abanaso zidinga imizwa kanye awacatshangwa hlangothi isitayela. Amagama ngokuthi ulimi okunemibandela yasendle yesayensi womsebenzi. Abaningi babo babebuya kuya isichazamazwi Russian English noma isiLatini.

Namuhla, leli gama ubhekwa yisikhungo esisodwa nekutfutfuka kwelizinga ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu. izici ezinjalo lucebe isitayela yesayensi ngokuya izinombolo imibiko lephrofayela kanye amaphepha yibona phezu kwezinye naziphi. Ngokwezibalo, itheminoloji imayelana 20% wonke umbhalo. Kuchazwa ngolimi lwesayensi ke emelela ukufana kanye imininingwane. Izincazelo ngokwamathemu kunikela incazelo, okungukuthi incazelo emfushane lomkhuba noma into. umqondo ngamunye ngolimi lwesayensi kungathiwa.

Amagama eziningi ngezici ezithile. Ngaphezu ubunjalo kanye nokunemba, inkimbinkimbi, ukungaguquguquki nesiqinisekiso yesitayela. Futhi omunye nezidingo main nemigomo likhona (lamanje), ukuze awayona akusebenzi. Njengoba wazi, isayensi ungayithola enye by ezinye imiqondo emisha capacious. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigomo kufanele kube eseduze siwulimi olukhulunywa emazweni. Ngokwesibonelo: umbono ocatshangelwayo, ubuchwepheshe, ukuxhumana nabanye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube manje, iningi imigomo ngokuvamile wamukela izakhi ngamazwe izwi ukwakha (bio, extra, neo anti, mini, uMarku nabanye).

Sekukonke, umqondo embusweni-wide ewumngcingo futhi Interscience. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa imigomo ezifana ukuhlaziywa, inkinga mqondo, inqubo, njll, ukuze yesibili - emnothweni, abasebenzayo, izindleko. Kuwa kakhulu ezikhethekile ngoba bezibona umqondo. I ngokwalesi lucebe izinhlamvu iqembu kuphela endaweni ethile yesayensi.
Imiqondo inkulumo professional esetshenziswa value othize eyodwa kuphela. Kuleso simo, uma eside is a multi-zenani, kumele kuhambisane ngokuchaza izwi icacisa isiqondiso sayo. Of imiqondo ezidinga imininingwane, lokhu okulandelayo: umzimba, amandla, ukunyakaza, ngosayizi.

Nje okungaqondile ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukusetshenziswa inqwaba abstract amayunithi lucebe ngesitayela ngokwesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi professional has isici phraseology yayo eqondile. Kuhlanganisa imishwana enjengethi, "plexus elanga", "inzuzo participial", "kummango", "lithi", "isetshenziselwa" njll

Amatemu inikeza ulwazi hhayi kuphela ukuqonda ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele, kodwa futhi ukuhambisana kwemibhalo zokulawula kanye nangokushaywa kwemithetho.

isitayela Scientific: izici eziphathelene namalimi

Ulimi iphrofayela ewumngcingo sphere yokuxhumana libhekene izici zayo morphological. Nje okungaqondile kanye Abstraction yokukhuluma avele ehlukile amayunithi kolimi, okuyinto zitholakala kukhethwa amafomu kanye isethulo izigaba. Libhekene izici kwezilimi isitayela yesayensi ukuphindaphinda imvamisa embhalweni, okungukuthi, ngezinga ambalwa of umthwalo.

umthetho Okungabhaliwe ukonga lucebe kwenza zisebenzisa iDemo imishwana ukuhluka. Enye indlela ezinjalo ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ukushintsha ulimi amafomu kwekwenta njengabesifazane ukuba wesilisa (isib: Ukhiye - Ukhiye). Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane nokuthi ne ubuningi okuyinto esikhundleni esisodwa. Isibonelo: Linden izimbali ngo-June. Kulokhu, ibhekisela isihlahla ezingaphezu kweyodwa ethize, futhi wonke umndeni izitshalo. emabito Real kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswe ubuningi: nokujula okukhulu, umsindo kulo msakazo, njll

Imiqondo ngolimi lwesayensi kakhulu BUSA amagama nezenzo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa eyayenziwe umbhalo tento. Ngokuvamile, lezi titfo tenkhulumo esikhundleni amabizo. Isitayela yesayensi ukudla tento kuholela ekulahlekelweni incazelo lucebe, ukuvula isethulo ku ifomu abstract. Ngakho-ke, lezi titfo tenkhulumo kuphela zokuxhumana yamagama asetshenziswe imibiko: kube, baba, udluliselwe, musa, ukuba, baye, kuyothathwa azimisele, njll

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuchazwa ngolimi lwesayensi kukhona iqembu ahlukene tento benzela abathile inhlanganisela. Kulokhu, bona badlulisele kokwethula incazelo namalimi wemiphakathi. Izibonelo angaholela ekufeni, ukwenza izibalo. Ngokuvamile engasho lutho abstract tento elisetshenziswa isitayela yesayensi yokuxhumana: kufanele khona, qhubeka kwenzeke nakwabanye. Liphinde uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ifomu ineluhlelo buthaka: i-ziphuzo zazihluzwa wenziwa, efinyelela iziphetho, njll

Esinye isici kwezilimi isitayela ukusetshenziswa ingxenye ezingaphelelwa isikhathi yenani imfanelo yokukhuluma. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ukhombise izici nezakhiwo izenzakalo kuyaphenywa noma izinto. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi tento ukubaluleka ezingaphelelwa isikhathi esidlule zingahlanganisa yombhalo yesayensi kuphela (isibonelo: imibiko ucwaningo, imibiko yocwaningo). Ngo yezisebenzi zolimi isilandiso bhalisiwe e-80% amacala asetshenziswa ifomu abangaphelele, ukuthi nkulumo yathathwa olujwayelekile. Ezinye tento ezisetshenziswa ngesimo sikhatsi lesitako e isivinini esitebeleni. Ngokwesibonelo: Ake ucabange nje ukuthi ukufakazela, njll

Ngokuqondene izabizwana zoqobo isitayela yesayensi bajwayele ngokuhambisana nohlobo Abstraction umbhalo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, amafomu ezifana "thina" futhi "wena", njengoba concretise indaba futhi likhange kakhulu. Ngo wonke amagama anzima tabito okwandile umuntu wesithathu.

isitayela Scientific: izici syntactic

Ukuze lolu hlobo inkulumo elinesimo ukuthambekela eziyinkimbinkimbi imiklamo iziphakamiso. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba adlulisele ngokunembile lokho okushiwo kwelwati, ukusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwemigomo, izimbangela, imiphumela neziphetho. izici Syntactic isitayela yesayensi yombhalo libhekene nje okungaqondile nekufana kwazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wenkulumo.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu iziphakamiso abamelwe okhonzile. amafomu Complex of izinyunyana kanye nezilimi zezigodi nakho kuyingxenye isethulo (umbhalo ngokwesayensi). Izibonelo isiqondiso jikelele umbhalo zingatholakala kuma-encyclopedia nezincwadi. Ukujoyina zonke titfo tenkhulumo asetshenziswa binders inhlanganisela: Ekuphetheni, ngakho-ke, njll

Ukunikezwa ngolimi lwesayensi esakhiwe nombala mayelana nezitatimende wesifunda. Okuphoqelekile imfuneko - i-eseyi lelandzisako kuyavumelana. Isiphakamiso ngasinye kumele ngokunengqondo exhumene kulowo odlule. ifomu ihomonimi esetshenziswa ngokubhala yesayensi kukalutshwana kakhulu kuphela ukuze zidonse ukunaka izilaleli.

Ukuletha umbhalo abstract uhlamvu ezingaphelelwa isikhathi asebentise titatimende-syntax ethize (engenabuntu noma ejwayelekile). Umlingisi e iziphakamiso ezinjalo sishoda. Ukunakwa kufanele kugxile isenzo futhi izimo zalo. I generalized futhi nanini-siqu izinkulumo asetshenziswa kuphela lapho umuntu eba imigomo amafomula.

Izinhlobo ngolimi lwesayensi

Ematheksthi of lesi sitayela zenziwa ngesimo imikhiqizo siphelile nge isakhiwo okuhambisanayo. Omunye izinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu kuyinto eyinhloko. Le nkulumo yesayensi (Sample umbhalo: izihloko, izinkulumo, zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele, tetfulo tetemlomo, umbiko) senziwa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu abalobi. Ukuziletha uya umphakathi okokuqala.

Uhlobo yesibili kuhlanganisa imibhalo zisekelwe ulwazi olutholakala. Lokhu Indzaba lokuhlaziya, futhi lokuhlaziya, futhi abstract.

Ngamunye izinhlobo babe nezici ezithile zendlela yokubhala ukuthi ingangqubuzani isitayela yesayensi isakhiwo lelandzisako ifa ezijayelekileko nezici.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.