Izimpawu nokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba esibhedlela B. Isifo esiphezulu se-hepatitis: ukwelashwa

Emphakathini wamanje, abantu bavame ukuthakazelisa kulo mbuzo olandelayo: "Ukushisa kwesibindi B - kuyini?" Konke kuchazwa ukusakazwa okubanzi kwalesi sifo nokwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka.

I-Hepatitis B yisifo esibucayi esithinta amangqamuzana ebindi, okungaholela ekufeni. Kubangelwa igciwane le-HBV. Ingozi enkulu ye- hepatitis B esikhathini esizayo, ngoba ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka ngaphandle kwempawu ecacile. Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo sofuzo B kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umuntu wanamuhla. Lesi sifo kunzima ukwelapha, kodwa uma umuntu one-hepatitis B, engakwazi ukululama, uhlakulela ama-antibodies adingekayo ahlinzeka ngokuzivikela okuqhubekayo.

Kulesi sihloko sizocabangela lezi zindaba ezilandelayo ezihlobene nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-hepatitis B":

• Isakazwa kanjani?

• Ukuvimbela lesi sifo.

• Ukuphathwa kwe-hepatitis B.

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kanjani?

I-virus ye-hepatitis B inamandla kakhulu. Kuye, izinto ezinjengokubilisa, ukuqhwaza, ukucubungula ngamakhemikhali aphezulu kakhulu azibulali. Ekamelweni lokushisa, igciwane lingaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ubeka ingozi, ngisho nokuba esendaweni endala eyomile yegazi noma amathe. Ngezinga lokutheleleka, lidlula izikhathi eziningana igciwane lesandulela ngculazi.

Umbuzo ovame kakhulu ukuthi: "I-Hepatitis B njengoba idluliselwa?". Ukuze ugula, inani elincane legciwane lingena egazini lomuntu. Izindlela zokutheleleka nazo ziyimfucumfucu emangcwabeni kanye nesikhumba esonakele. Ngegazi, leli gciwane lifinyelela emangqamuzaneni wesibindi, lapho lihlala khona futhi landa. Lokhu kushintsha izicubu zalesi sitho. I-lymphocytes eqondene nomuntu ogulayo iqala ukuhlasela nokulimaza amangqamuzana alhintshiwe, okwenza ukuba isibindi sithinte kabi.

Ingozi enkulu yigazi lomuntu ogulayo. I-hepatitis B ejwayelekile kakhulu iyadluliselwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Emasiloni omnandi (ukugcoba umzimba, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukubhoboza).

2. Ku-salon of tattoos (kufaka phakathi uma kwenziwa ukwakha unomphela).

3. Inqubo yegazi noma i-serum transfusion.

4. Inqubo ye-hemodialysis ngokusebenzisa i-apparatus.

5. Uma usebenzisa eminye imishini yokushefa abantu, amabhulashi wamazinyo, amathawula nezinye izinto zokunakekelwa ngabanye.

6. Ngamadivaysi asezikhungweni zezokwelapha (amahhovisi wamazinyo, amakamelo okusebenza, amakamelo okugqoka, amaphuzu ama-donor, njll).

7. Ngama-syringes angewona oyinyumba (iqembu labungozi - izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa).

8. Ukudluliselwa ngokocansi ngokuxhumana nomuntu ogulayo (noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okungavinjelwe).

9. Kusukela kumama kuya kwengane (ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho kudlula umkhumbi wokuzalwa).

Ukutheleleka akunakwenzeka (kepha kuyamukeleka) kokumanga, ukukhipha, ukumncelisa ingane, usebenzisa isidlo esisodwa futhi ukuxhaphaza. Okulandelayo, cabangela izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka

Ingozi enkulu yalesi sifo ukuthi ekuqaleni izimpawu azibonakalwanga. Izimpawu ezincane ziqala ukuvela kuphela uma igciwane selivele landa futhi lisebenza emzimbeni. Ukufakelwa kwesikhashana isikhathi sokuthatha isikhathi kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-2-6. Izimpawu zokukhathazeka ezingase zibonise isifo esivelayo:

• Ukukhathala nokukhathala.
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso, ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
• I-nausea.
• Ukuzwa kungakhululekile esibindi (hypochondrium).
• Ubumnyama bomchamo (umbala weti ephuziwe).
• Ukucaciswa kwesitokisi.
• I-Jaundice sclera yamehlo nesikhumba.
• Ubuhlungu emajoyini.
• Ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi ngegazi, izibonakaliso zokukhubazeka kwesibindi ziyabonakala.

Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi kubantu abadala lezi zimpawu zibizwa kakhulu kunabantwana. Uma lezi zibonakaliso zitholakala, kubalulekile ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-antigen ye-hepatitis B, okuzoqinisekisa noma ukuphika ukuthi kukhona isifo.

I-hepatitis carrier

Enye indlela yesifo se-virus ye-virus ye-virus ye-virus yesifo sofuba. Kulesi simo, kubonakala ngokwesivikelo somuntu siqu futhi singenasifo. Inkambo yalesi sifo ngokuvamile ayifuni ifomu elingapheli ngenxa yokusebenza komzimba, amandla ayo nokukhuthazela. Ngokuvamile, umthwali we-carrier ugijimela esimweni esingapheli se-hepatitis B emva kweminyaka engu-15-20.

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, abathwali babengazi ukuthi isifo se-hepatitis B. Okwamanje, odokotela abaningi basifo esithathelwanayo basho ukuthi lesi simo sesifo siwukuqala kwesifo sofuba esingapheli B. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwabathwali begciwane, ngakho-ke izifundo zokuzivivinya nokuzivikela kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuvimbela. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi othintekayo uyingozi kwabanye ngenxa yokusabalala kwayo.

Amafomu okugula

Ifomu elibi kunayo yonke le-hepatitis B yesandulela ngculazi yisifo esisheshayo lesi sifo, lapho izimpawu zikhula ngokushesha. Ngamahora ambalwa kukhona ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, bese kufika i-coma nokufa. Amacala okusinda kweziguli ngemva kwalesi sifo ayinqabile kakhulu.

Futhi, i-hepatitis B eyingozi ihlukanisiwe. Kulokhu, kunezimo ezihlukahlukene zesifo:

• I-subclinical (izimpawu zilinganisela, akukho-jaundice, izinguquko ezincane ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi legazi);
• I-Icteric (i-jaundice, ukudakwa, yenze ushintsho ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto eziphilayo);
• Ukuhlala isikhathi eside (isikhathi eside esibalulekile sesifo, kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezingu-12, kuvame ukubonakala kubantu asebekhulile);
• I-Cholestatic (izici zokuvuvukala zivezwe ngokulinganayo, izimpawu ze-biliary excretion).

Umbuzo ovame kakhulu uwukuthi: "Yiziphi izimbangela, izimpawu nokuphathwa kwe-hepatitis B?" Izimpawu zesimo esibucayi sesifo esiteji sokuqala zingafaniswa nokubonakaliswa komkhuhlane ovamile: ubuthakathaka obuningi, ukukhathala, ukukhipha isisu, ukujuluka, umkhuhlane, izinhlungu, ikhanda, umkhuhlane Umzimba, ukukhwehlela. Kamuva, kunezibonakaliso zangaphandle zesifo segciwane (i-jaundice, i-darkening yomchamo, ukucaciswa kwamagqabi, njll).

Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesifo yilona uhlobo oluhlala njalo lwe-hepatitis B. Kulesi simo, inkathi yokufaka incubation ihlala inyanga kuya kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Lesi sifo sinobuqili ngoba singabonakali esigabeni sokuqala. Ngemuva kokushintsha okukhulu kwesibindi ukubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso zesifo sofuba kuqala. Kwakukhona amacala uma igciwane litholakala egazini lomuntu ngempela ngengozi, futhi isiguli asingasolanga ngesifo sakhe futhi akazange ahlangabezane naso.

I-Hepatitis B: Ukuxilongwa

Ngokuvamile abantu banesithakazelo kolwazi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zesifo sofuba nesandulela ngculazi okufanele zithathwe. I-Hepatitis B ibhekwa yizivivinyo ezinjalo:

1. Ukuhlola igazi kwegazi (kubonisa isibindi, ungenza ngokuqondile ukuthi uhlolwe kanjani).

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-"Australian" antigen HBSAg. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umphumela omubi wale nhlolovo awukwazi ukukhipha isifo segciwane noma uhlobo olungasebenzi lwe-hepatitis B.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamagciwane ase-IgM (ubukhona babo buqinisekisa isimo esibi sesifo).

4. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngamagciwane we-IgG (ukutholakala kwabo kuzosenza sikwazi ukukhuluma ngesimo esingapheli sesifo sofuzo B nesifo segciwane). Uma usola ukutheleleka nge-HIV, udinga ukudlulisa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwegazi. I-ELISA ingayithola igciwane emva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-3 emva kokutheleleka. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kuqinisekisa ukutheleleka ngemuva kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokutheleleka.

Isifo sofuba esingapheli: ukwelashwa

Esimweni esingapheli se-hepatitis B, isifo esithathelwanayo-isifo se-hepatologist sinqunywe inkambo yezidambisi-antiviral:

• Ama-analogues e-Nuclease enza ukuba kunciphise emsebenzini wokukhiqiza leli gciwane egazini;
• Ama-interferons anciphisa izinguquko ze-pathological esibindi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa okuvamile kwendabuko kunconywa. Kuze kube sekugcineni, i-hepatoprotectors inikezwa, okufaka isandla ekumelaneni kwamaseli wesibindi ukuya ekungeneni kwamagciwane; Ukuvuselela izidakamizwa ezandisa ukumelana komzimba ekutheleleni.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-detoxification, lapho ngenxa yamalungiselelo akhethekile igazi likhishwa izinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze ulondolozwe ngokujwayelekile komzimba, kutuswa ukuthatha amavithamini ezikoleni, futhi ulandele ngokuqinile ukudla.

Endabeni yokwephulwa okukhulu kwesibindi kungaba ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Kulesi simo, isibindi sishintshwa kusuka kumnikeli.

Ukwelashwa kwesimo esiyingozi sesifo

Uma i-hepatitis B ithola kalula, ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral ayinqunyiwe. Iziguli ziboniswa:

• Ukuxoshwa (ukuthatha amanzi amaningi ukunciphisa izimpawu nokubuyisela amazinga asemzimbeni emzimbeni);
• Ukudla okuqinile (ngokulahla utshwala nokuthatha izidakamizwa ezinobuthi).

Ukwelapha

Ukutakula ngokugcwele kungenzeka. Ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, indlela yokuphila nokuqaphela udokotela, kwenzeka eminyakeni embalwa. Uma kwenzeka ugula ngesimo esiyingozi se-hepatitis B, kungenzeka ukuthi uzodlula efomini elingavamile. Umthengisi, oqhubeka ngokungaqondakali, angaphikelela kulo lonke ukuphila, ngaphandle kokuzibonakalisa ezinkingeni ezinkulu noma izifo zesibindi.

Uma ukwelashwa okudingekile kungenziwanga, isibindi B singabangela izifo ezinzulu njenge-cirrhosis noma umdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukuvimbela

Uma umbuzo wokuthi ngabe i-hepatitis B - yikuphi, konke okucacile noma okucacile, sizobe sichaza indlela yokugwema lesi sifo. Ukuze unciphise amathuba okutheleleka ngegciwane le-hepatitis B, izincomo ezilandelayo kufanele zigcinwe:

• Ukugonywa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokumelene nesifo sofuba esibhedlela B.
• Ubulili obuvikelwe.
• Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuhlanzeka.
• Isigaba sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvimbela.

Inoculation

Ukugonywa ngokumelene nesifo sofuba B kwenziwa ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila kwengane. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane bayabuza umbuzo onjalo: "Kungani udinga ingane yakho ukugoma ngokushesha?" Iqiniso liwukuthi uma ukutheleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis B kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingu-12 zokuzalwa ngemva kokuzalwa, umntwana uba ngumthwali wegciwane impilo yakhe yonke. Uma ucabangela inkambo engafani kahle yesifo, ungayesaba kakhulu impilo yengane yesikhathi esizayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isifo sofuba esingasetshenziswanga esibhedlela B sivame ukubangela izinkinga ezifana ne-cirrhosis noma umdlavuza wesibindi.

Lokhu kugonywa kwenziwa yibo bonke abantwana, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukubona umthwali wakhe we-hepatitis B ngenkathi umama ekhulelwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuhlaziywa okunqunywe uma kuthwala ingane kuqinisekisa kuphela uhlobo oluyingozi noma oluyinkinga yesifo.

E-Russian Federation, ukugonywa ngokumelene nesifo se-hepatitis B kwenziwa ngezinhlelo 0-1-6. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugoma kwenzeka ezinyathelweni ezintathu: ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ngenyanga eyodwa nonyaka. Uma umama othwala igciwane, ukugoma kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nalolu hlelo: 0-1-2-12. I-inoculation ifakwe engxenyeni yangaphakathi yethanga nge-intramuscularly.

Umuntu omdala kufanele futhi agonywe ngokumelene nesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-hepatitis B. Lokhu kungenxa yokusabalala okubanzi kwesifo eRussia nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ukugonywa kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu ngokulandela uhlelo 0-1-6. Kumelwe kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle kokulibaziseka, ngaphandle kwalokho umzimba ngeke uhlakulele umkhuhlane osebenzayo ngalesi sifo.

Ukuphikisana nokugonywa ngokumelene nesifo sofuba B kunjengokulandelayo:

• Ukungezwani komzimba ukubhekwa imvubelo.
• Izifo eziphefumulayo ezinamandla.
• I-Meningitis.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo.
• Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela uhlobo 1.

Okuncane nge-hepatitis C

Amathuba okuthola i-hepatitis C ne-B igciwane ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Izimpawu zibonakala kuphela esikoleni esibucayi sesifo futhi ziboniswa ngendlela yokukhathala jikelele, ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya. I-jaundice ne-hepatitis C ikhula kakhulu. Ngemuva kokudluliswa kwesifo sofuba esiphezulu se-hepatitis C, ukutholakala okuphelele kwesiguli kungenzeka, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesifo kufomu elingapheli noma othintekayo.

Izimpawu nokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba nesifo se-hepatitis B kufana nezici eziningi. Amathuba okuphulukisa kungenzeka ngamacala angu-60-80%, anikezwe ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi esikhungweni sezokwelapha.

Ukugonywa ngokumelene ne-virus ye-virus ye-hepatitis C okwamanje akukhona, ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zodokotela.

Izinhlobo zokugula

Isifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-viral isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ingozi yayo ikhona njengamanje, kanti enye yezitho ezibalulekile, isibindi, iwa. Yisimo sakhe esithinteka ngqo yi-hepatitis.

Izinhlobo zalesi sifo zingezansi: i-hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, F (G). Zinenkambo ehlukile, ukutheleleka nakho kwenzeka ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Into kuphela ebabumbene ukufana kwezimpawu kanye nomthelela omubi esibindi somuntu. Ukuze uhlolwe futhi ukwelashwa, udinga ukuya esikhungweni sezokwelapha uphinde uhlole.

Isiphetho

Uma uxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele, ungathola ukutholakala okugcwele esesifo esinjenge-hepatitis. Izinhlobo zaleli gciwane zihlukile. Ezinye zidinga ukwelashwa okubizayo nesikhathi eside, kanti ezinye zingasuswa ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile.

Abantu abaningi abagula nge-hepatitis B abayitholi ukwelashwa okudingekayo, ngoba izidakamizwa ze-antiviral zibiza kakhulu. Intengo encane yenkambo yenyanga eyodwa yi-ruble ayi-10 000, futhi ukuthatha imithi kuyadingeka unyaka noma ngaphezulu. Uma ukwelashwa kungenzeki, ngemuva kokuphazanyiswa imithi edingekayo iyobekwa futhi.

Kungenzeka yini ukunqoba isifo sofuba esingapheli? Ukwelashwa kuncike ekwelapheni okufika ngesikhathi esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Uma uthola lesi sifo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-symptomatology ngeke iphoqe impilo yakho, futhi ukwelashwa kuzoba ngokushesha, okuphumelelayo futhi okungabizi.