Izimpawu State of Russia: Umlando kanye nencazelo

ERussia, njengoba kunoma yiliphi elinye izwe, zikhona izimpawu ezintathu ezisemthethweni: ifulege, isibonakaliso neculo lesizwe. Bonke kwamiswa ngenxa iyaphenduphenduka zomlando eziningi. Izinguquko Emculweni We-Russian isimo izimpawu impikiswano futhi engenakulibaleka. Ngokuvamile, izixazululo ezintsha ngokuphelele kuqhathaniswa eyodwa ubudala. Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa heraldry kazwelonke zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: kwesikhulu (wasebukhosini), amaSoviet nasemakamu yesimanje.

Flag of Russia

Modern Russian izimpawu isimo uqale nge ifulege. Kukanxande ifulege emhlophe-oluhlaza-obomvu ijwayelwe bonke abakhileyo kuleli zwe. Kulokhu semukelwa esanda kutholakala: ngo-1993. isenzakalo esibalulekile iphutha ngosuku olwandulela ukwamukelwa sisekelo isimo esisha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi ukhona, a Russia yeningi kwadingeka amafulegi amabili. Inketho yokuqala lalisetshenziswa 1991-1993. Kunezinto ezimbili eziyinhloko phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili izinguqulo ingoma ajwayelekile. Flag of 1991-1993. kwadingeka isilinganiso 2: 1 (ubude nobubanzi) futhi kwachazwa ngokuthi elimhlophe-red-azure, nomlandeli wayo wathola isilinganiso 2: 3 futhi umthetho kusabhekwa njengoba ezimhlophe, blue and red.

Russian izimpawu isimo sanamuhla abumane kusuka ekuqaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, Tri-umbala ifulege izakhamizi baqala ukusebenzisa emihlanganweni elahlasela eU.SSR ngo 1980 - 1990. Kodwa ngisho nangosuku okungenzeka akakwazi ngokuthi umthombo ukuvela uphawu ezibalulekile kazwelonke.

indwangu kaPetru

Ngokokuqala ngqá le tricolor eyaphakanyiswa emuva 1693. Indwangu ezazinyakaziswa emkhunjini kaPetru I. Ngaphezu amaviyo amathathu yahanjelwa ukhozi ezimbili engumondli. Ngakho okokuqala hhayi omhlophe, blue and red Iphalethi kuphela, kodwa futhi Russian izimpawu isimo wahlangana yayisetshenziswa. Maka kaPetru ngasinda kuze kube namuhla. Manje lilondolozwe Central Naval Museum. Le ndawo ayikho ekhethiwe ngengozi. Ezincwadini zakhe, autocrat ngokuthi ifulege ngabethula "ulwandle." Ngempela, njengoba tricolor Ukwakheka kwakuncike kakhulu ehlangene imikhumbi.

I esifanayo naleso uPetru A. baba umdali wokukhulekela ifulege Andrew. Saltire inkomba ezibangelwa ukubethelwa Andreya Pervozvannogo, iwuphawu ngoxhaxha yesimanje kakade. Ngakho ezweni lethu eyinkimbinkimbi okwakuthandelene lempi kanye nesimo izimpawu yeRussia. Ngokuqondene ifulege emhlophe-oluhlaza-bomvu, inkathi imperial usezuze nesincintisana sína.

umbala Black-yellow-white

Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana amafulegi black-yellow-white basonta inkathi Anny Ioannovny (1730.). Unentshiseko isithakazelo ifulegi okufanayo okwenzeka ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Okwesibili ngokumelene Napoleon lapho waqala uthumelela uwonkewonke ngamaholidi.

Ngaphansi Nicholas mina, lokhu Iphalethi usuthandwa hhayi kuphela ngenxa kanembeza, kodwa nezenhlalo. Ekugcineni, isimo ezisemthethweni ifulegi emnyama-yellow-ezimhlophe e 1858. Tsar Alexander II yakhipha umyalo wokuba owawuthi lokhu panel zazilingana Imperial Isitembu Duty, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, empeleni sasetshenziswa njengoba ifulege lesizwe. Ngakho esinye isibonakaliso eyayihambisana Russian izimpawu isimo.

flag Imperial

Isinqumo 1858 ifulege imperial zaqala ukusetshenziswa yonke indawo esemthethweni imiboniso, imikhosi, yamathanga, izakhiwo zikahulumeni eduze. umbala Black kutjhiwo Isitembu Duty black ukhozi kabili ephethwe. Yellow babevela, elakhiwa heraldry WaseByzantium. White kwaba umbala Georgiya Pobedonostsa, iphakade nobumsulwa.

Ngokusho isinqumo umhlangano okhethekile heraldic ngo-1896 njengoba kazwelonke Russian futhi wayebhekwa wangaphambili ifulege kaPetru. Wokugcotshwa uNicholas II, le eyayiqhutshelwa kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ngokusho imibala white, blue and red. Nokho, le ndwangu ophuzi kanye black baqhubeka be dumile among abantu (isibonelo, i-Black Amakhulu). Namuhla, ifulegi kwekhulu XIX ngokuyinhloko elihlobene ne isizwe Russian kanye Romanov inkathi.

nenkathi yamaSoviet

Zonke uphawu 3 isimo Russia ngasinda nenkathi yamaSoviet, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho imibono ubudala, bona bangeniswa ishanelwe ngokuphelele kude bese ukhohliwe. Ngemva 1917, kokubili ifulege Russian ezazingaphansi kwawo de empeleni waba kokuvinjelwa. Kwaqubuka impi yombango ubaniké nencazelo entsha: imibala, manje abakanye ukunyakaza mhlophe futhi elula futhi limelene namaSoviet.

Russian izimpawu isimo esetshenziswa nabaphikisi abaningi kweSoviet Union, ufisa ukugcizelela kutati naphezu ekilasini yekuphila. Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ifulegi emhlophe-oluhlaza-obomvu wahlinzwa vlasov (uhlabe umkhosi St Andrew - ezinye ngabahleli). Ngandlela-thile, kodwa lapho kufika isikhathi sokuba kusetshenzwe le kokuwa kweSoviet Union, amaRashiya waphinda ukukhunjuzwa banner kaPetru. Ezibaluleke Kakhulu ngalo mqondo babe izinsuku Icebo lika August. Ngo-August 1991, nezitha Icebo lika kunonophiswe kubuye kusetshenziswe umbala emhlophe-oluhlaza-obomvu. Ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe Icebo lika ukuthi inhlanganisela zenziwa ezingeni sikahulumeni.

ESoviet Union kule minyaka 1924-1991. It is ngokusemthethweni kubhekwe umaka obomvu ngesando noma isikela. parallel RSFSR beyiba ukuhlonza izibazi. Ngo 1918-1954 GG. kwaba umaka obomvu ne "RSFSR" yombhalo oqoshiwe. Khona-ke le ncwadi wanyamalala. Ngo 1954-1991 GG. obomvu iphaneli ukusetshenziswa ne isikela, isando, inkanyezi futhi umugqa okwesibhakabhaka emphethweni kwesokunxele.

ukhozi double

Ngaphandle elingenamikhono izingalo kanye nomlando lempi izimpawu isimo Russia ubuyoba ongaphelele. version walo wanamuhla evunyiwe 1993. Ngesisekelo ukwakheka - ukhozi ezimbili engumondli. Isihlangu ukuboniswa Georgiy Pobedonosets bebulala inyoka (dragon). nezinye izimfanelo ezimbili edingekayo - zikhipha futhi intonga. Isibonakaliso ezisemthethweni umbhali yesimanje - Umculi Yabantu we Russian Federation evgeniy Uhnalev. Ngo umdwebo wakhe wafingqa imibono ehlanganiswe nangenkathi ezahlukene emlandweni yezwe.

Izimpawu kahle kwemandla embuso eRussia kungqubuzane. Ngakho, ngo-1992-1993. uwuphawu olusemthethweni kwaba isithombe kwesando isikela umqhele omuhle izindlebe. Kulesi esifushane, empeleni iye yasetshenziswa njengophawu lokuthi lokhu, futhi lowo owayephatha esetshenziswa emuva RSFSR.

Phrinta kwesikhulu

Elingenamikhono izingalo, kanye nezinye isimo nezimpawu lempi Russia elisuka zomlando ezijulile. Zisuka ezinsukwini zakuqala kwamandla kwesikhulu. Ochwepheshe ubheke isibonakaliso wokuqala izithombe zangenkathi ephakathi ku lwezimpawu. Moscow Izikhulu kulokhu ayesesha esondela eduze kwaleli Silhouettes ka abakhulumeli kwabo kobuKristu.

Ngo 1497 e-heraldry Russian wabonakala ukhozi uyaphi. kuqala baKhe cindezela yabo isicelo Grand Prince Ivan Iii. Uyabuqonda ukubaluleka izimpawu isimo Russia. umlando wezwe ibilokhu sihlobene eduze Orthodox WaseByzantium. Kwakuwusuku ababusi ngesiGreki, Ivan III futhi waboleka inyoni wasenganekwaneni. Nge lesi senzo, wagcizelela ukuthi Russia - ngundlalifa muva Ngishoné lwanyamalala waseByzantium.

Elingenamikhono izingalo Empire Russian

Elingenamikhono izingalo Empire Russian wayengalokothi static. Uye yashintsha kaningi kancane kancane yaba nzima. Romanovsky isibonakaliso emelela izici eziningi ukuthi ukuhlukanisa elidala Russian izimpawu isimo. Umlando "nokuvuthwa" yesibonakaliso lihlotshaniswa uzuza indawo ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Ngokusondela ukhozi black kabili ephethwe nge isikhathi ungeze izihlangu encane, yokwenza samuntu imibuso enamathiselwe Kazan, Astrakhan, isiPolish, njll ...

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo indlela yokwakheka elingenamikhono izingalo kwaholela ekusungulweni e 1882 izinguqulo ezintathu lolu phawu kazwelonke: Small, medium and enkulu. Khona-ke ukhozi, kanye yesimanje, wathola intonga zikhipha. Okunye izici eziphawulekayo yilezi: Georgiy Pobedonosets, nesigqoko sokuzivikela Alexander saseNevsky isithombe eziyinhloko Gabriel Michael. Figure ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele isignesha obomvu klebhu "Sh Nathi Bog!". Ngo-1992, Ikhomishini yoMthethosisekelo evunyiwe umtlamo imperial ukhozi abamnyama njengoba elingenamikhono Russian izikhali. Umqondo awuzange waqaphela ngenxa ivoti yehluleka the Supreme Soviet.

Hammer, isikela futhi inkanyezi

Ubani athatha izintambo emva kwempi, amaBolshevik yokutholwa ijazi yaseSoviet yokuthuthela izingalo ngo-1923. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo jikelele awushintshanga kuze wokugoqa wase-USSR. I emisha kuphela kwaba ngaphezu yemigoqo ethile eminyangweni kahulumeni omusha obomvu, ngokusho inombolo Union Republics ukuthi izilimi socingo, ebhalwe "Basebenzi wonke amazwe, hlanganani!". Ngo-1923, kwakunabamemezeli abangu-6, 1956 - kakade 15. Ngaphambi kokujoyina i-Lithuanian SSR e opholile RSFSR babe ngisho 16.

Ngesisekelo elingenamikhono izingalo kwaba isithombe kwesando isikela ilanga futhi isizinda wonke. Kanye emaphethelweni Ukwakheka ukuthi wayakha izindlebe, azungeze okuyinto tape curled ezithandwayo zezingoma isiqubulo. phansi Central zazinobuso umbhalo oqoshwe ngesiRashiya. Phezulu elingenamikhono izingalo umqhele star emihlanu olucijile. Isithombe beyiba nencazelo yalo ngemibono njengoba lonke izimpawu isimo Russia. Inani sibalo kwaziwa yibo bonke izakhamuzi zezwe - eSoviet Union kwaba yisandla yesigaba sabasebenzi futhi abalimi izinhlangano emhlabeni wonke.

Russian National Anthem

Esemthethweni isimo izimpawu zaseRussia, ukubaluleka, umlando, nezinye izici cwaningo isayensi yabo heraldry. Nokho, ngaphezu ifulegi kanye elingenamikhono izingalo izithombe, kukhona iculo lesizwe. Ngaphandle akunakwenzeka ukucabanga kunoma isiphi isimo. Modern liculo Russian - indlalifa eSoviet iculo lesizwe. Kulokhu semukelwa ngo-2000. Lona "omncane engenathi" uphawu isimo Russia.

Umbhali umculo ingoma - umqambi kanye Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR Alexander Alexandrov. I ingoma eyabhalwa kuye ngo-1939. kamuva eminyakeni engu-60 uvotela ke uHulumeni Duma lidlule bill uMongameli Russian uVladimir Putin mayelana neculo lesizwe elisha kazwelonke.

Ezinye gibela iphutha uma izama umbhalo. Tinkondlo ngoba kudlala iculo lesizwe Soviet wabhala imbongi Sergei Mikhalkov. Ekugcineni, umsebenzi okhethekile usefunde version yayo entsha umbhalo ofanayo. Kulokhu, sicabanga isicelo zazo zonke izakhamuzi zawo.

"Nkulunkulu Londoloza Tsar!"

Eyokuqala Russian isimo liculo ngomqondo evamile kwaleli gama ingoma "Nkulunkulu Londoloza Tsar." It lalisetshenziswa 1833-1917 biennium. I Initiator of ukubukeka liculo uKhesari UNikolai I. zakhe yeziNguquko eYurophu, lapho njalo wazithola esimweni esiyinkinga: wezinsimbi amazwe wokungenisa izihambi kudlalwa izingoma siqu kuphela. Russia njengoba yayo "ukubhekana umculo" ayikwazanga ozibongayo. Umbusi ngaphambilini ukuze alungise leso simo amabi.

Umculo ngoba kudlala iculo lesizwe of Empire wabhala umqambi futhi umqhubi Aleksey eLvov. Umbhali umbhalo imbongi Vasily Zhukovsky. Njengoba sekunama-amandla Soviet liculo imperial washaywa off isikhathi eside, hhayi nje kuphela kwezimpahla kodwa futhi imemori ezigidi zabantu. Ngokokuqala ngqá ngemva kwekhefu elide, "Nkulunkulu Londoloza Tsar" ukudlalwa "I epholile Don" sici ifilimu ngo-1958.

"I Internationale" futhi liculo ye-USSR

Kuze 1943 uhulumeni wamaSoviet njengoba ingoma yayo kazwelonke futhi wasebenzisa ngamazwe yesigaba sabasebenzi "I Internationale". Ngaphansi kwalo Ihubo is revolutionizing ngaphansi kwaso ngesikhathi kulwiwa, Red Army wangena senzo. Indaba iqale lalotshwa anarchist French Ezhenom Pote. Umsebenzi uvele 1871 ezinsukwini kwesibhamu ukunyakaza sezenhlalo, zehlulekile lapho Paris isigodi.

iminyaka engu-17 kamuva, Pierre Degeyter Fleming wabhala umbhalo Pottier umculo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka zakudala, "I Internationale". Into Russian ingoma umbhalo yahunyushwa Arkady Kotsem. Isithelo incwadi yakhe yabangela inguquko ezibhalelwe ngo-1902. "I Internationale" lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela liculo Soviet kazwelonke ngesikhathi lapho amaBolshevik Namanje ukuphupha ayenawo emhlabeni. Lokhu kwaba inkathi LamaKhomanisi International kanye kudalwa amaseli lamaKhomanisi emazweni angaphandle.

Nge lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe II, uStalin yanquma ukushintsha umqondo ngemibono. Wayengafuni inguquko emhlabeni, kodwa kwakuzoba ukwakha umbuso omusha eyodwa kakhulu, sizungezwe iziphuphutheki eziningi. ezingokoqobo eshintshiwe yafuna omunye liculo. Ngo-1943, i- "International" isinikeze indlela ihubo elisha (Alexandrov) nombhalo (Mikhalkov).

"Patriotic Iculo"

Ngo 1990-2000 GG. e isimo Russian iculo lesizwe wahlala "Patriotic Iculo", ebhalwe umqambi Mihailom Glinkoy kudala njengoba 1833. Empeleni nakuba ukuthi ayezidinga lapho isimo ezisemthethweni melody hhayi usezuze umbhalo ayibonwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuculwe iculo lesizwe eyenziwa ngaphandle amazwi. Ukungabi umbhalo Kwaba sobala nokuthi kwakunendlela eyodwa izizathu esikhundleni ezingoma Glinka sika Melody Alexandrova.