Constellation Cygnus: isikimu. Umlando umlaza Cygnus. Lapho kungcono ukugcina nemilaza

Uma ubheka i-ecacile ehlobo ngobusuku obucwathile, inhloko bangase baqale spin kusukela lenqwaba izinkanyezi. komkhathi olungenamkhawulo isikhala phezu kwamakhanda ethu Sekuyisikhathi eside bakhangwa wakhe, zikhanga izimfihlo zakhe. Ukuze kube lula lonke uquqaba izinkanyezi umlaza ihlukaniswe. Kunini lapho engcono ukubukela ngamunye wabo, kuye ngokuthi indawo yayo. Uma Nokho, wavuka emhlabathini esikhaleni, kuyoba kunzima ukukufinyelela kukhona into efana iphethini wasezulwini, ajwayelekile kithi kusuka ebuntwaneni. Izinto ezakha iKhima, kunjengokungathi ukusebenzisa ayeke ukwakha ebumbene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iyiphi umlaza - ke Iwumbono esibhakabhakeni, okuyinto camera yonke imigwamanda cosmic, okuyinto zitholakala lapha iphuzu obuka umbono. Eqinisweni, ibanga elibahlukanisile kungaba izinkulungwane light-years.

Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke izithombe yasezulwini - umlaza Cygnus. Ukushayela inyoni ezindizayo uhlanganisa izinkanyezi ezingaba ngu-150, ezinye zazo ziyizilimi phakathi izinto ezikhanya ebonakalayo ukusuka eMhlabeni. Siyabonga kubo, umlaza Cygnus Kulula kakhulu ukuthola esibhakabhakeni.

ukubukela

izazi zezinkanyezi Abaningi amateur kusukela ebuntwaneni wazi, kubukeka sengathi umlaza ka Cygnus. Izinkanyezi ezihlanganisa ke, zikleliswe umumo cruciform, sifana inyoni enkulu ngentamo side futhi avule amaphiko. Silhouette kunikeza impendulo ocacile wokuba umbuzo kungani okuthiwa iKhima Cygnus.

Isikhathi esikahle kakhulu ukubona kuba ehlobo. Nokho, Swan obonakalayo phakathi nawo wonke unyaka. Funda ke yindlela elula asterism eziningi owaziwa (iqembu ejwayelekile ka izinkanyezi bright) "Summer Triangle". Ingxenye liyinkanyezi e umlaza Cygnus, ngokuthi Deneb. Lezi ezinye ezimbili eziphezulu zalo - Vega futhi Altair, omunye amaphuzu kunazo yesiteleka isibhakabhaka ebusuku. Constellation Cygnus izingane nabazali babo abangazi ziyazithanda ukufunda izinkanyezi, futhi ezikhangayo ngoba seluliwe eduze i-Milky Way.

indaba

Siyazi ibalazwe esibhakabhakeni namuhla kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwengxenye ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkanyezi ushintshe indawo yabo. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile endabeni eza kithi izindikimba zasezulwini. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-website ye-North Star kanye kudala, ezingaphezu kuka-17 eziyinkulungwane. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, sekuvele elishiwo ngenhla Deneb.

Esinye isizathu phakathi kwe amamephu wasezulwini nezanamuhla esidlule iwukwenza ndawonye amaqembu izinkanyezi ezahlukene. Omunye izincazelo lokuqala nemilaza ukubizwa ngokuthi 275 BC. e. It wadalwa imbongi engumGreki u-Aratus. Lo msebenzi ke, ngemva kweminyaka emine, elibuyekeziwe lukaPtolemy. Yakhe "Almagest" iqukethe uhlu ezinkanyezi angu-48. Omunye wabo (Argo) esagcina ihlukaniswe ezintathu ezihlukene (Kiel, aklaba, Span, Compass), kanye asele agcinwayo igama layo kuze kube manje.

Namuhla, izazi ziye zakhomba 88 imilaza. Swan libhekisela lasendulo, okukhulunywe ngaye uhlu lukaPtolemy. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi wayaziwa nangokuthi inyoni. Umlando ezinkanyezi Cygnus futhi phakathi amareferensi emibhalweni sezinkanyezi Eudoxus ka eKinidu, zangekhulu lesine BC. Amagama izinkanyezi njengengxenye Swan okusikhumbuza kwesikhathi lapho iningi wesayensi, kuhlanganise ukufunda izinkanyezi, athuthukiswe in the East, emazweni Arab.

Star kwebhuloho

Inkanyezi bhá e umlaza Cygnus - kuyinto Deneb, Alpha Cygni noma. Ngo-Arabhu, igama elisho ukuthi "umsila." Ukuqokwa liyalingana indawo yayo. Deneb ihlobise umlaza Swan (scheme kukhonjisiwe ngezansi) kuyinto engxenyeni lapho umsila we inyoni itholakala. Into kungokwalabo supergiant emhlophe. impressiveness Star is kahle neyaziwayo, uma thina ukuqhathanise inkanyiso yethu. Ngakho, Deneb isisindo kulingana solar amabili. Ibanga okwenzekayo usuka emhlabeni uya Deneb ezihlukahlukene kulinganiselwa ivela 1.55 izinkulungwane 2.6. Iminyaka Khanyisa. Kulokhu, kubonakale ngokucacile esibhakabhakeni, njengemiphumela likhanya ngendlela efanayo solar izikhathi eziyinkulungwane 270.

Njengoba sekushiwo, Deneb liyingxenye Summer Triangle. Nge izinkanyezi vertices ixhunyaniswe enhle legend Chinese lapho Deneb linjengeketanga phakathi abathandi, emelelwe ezulwini Vega futhi Altair. Ngokusho yetinsita kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Lokho abathandi ebusuku ungachitha ndawonye. Khona-ke ngabe kufanele ushiye futhi omunye unyaka.

umqhele

Obuhlukile Deneb iphuzu Umlaza Albireo dada (Cygnus beta). It is ethwele ekhanda senyoni. Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi kubukeka kanjani umlaza Cygnus, futhi lapho itholakala, lwanele ukuthola amaphuzu amabili elikhanyayo. Albireo njengoba Deneb, kungabonwa ngeso lenyama. Labo abakhetha ukufaka ukuhlola ngayo isibonakude kuzovula isithombe ngisho mnandi. Albireo - isimiso izinkanyezi ezimbili. Iningi lazo Albireo A - orange giant. umngane wakhe - inkanyezi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebhekisela main ukulandelana inkanyezi Albireo V Igama ngesi-Arabhu ihumusha ngokuthi "inkukhu umlomo."

Gamma futhi delta Swan

Central umlaza Iphuzu liwukuthi Sadr, okusho "webele". Kuyinto inkanyezi yesibili bhá. Sadr (Cygnus gamma) - supergiant eziphathelene Spectral ekilasini F8, pulsations nge esiyizinsuku ezingu 74. Uma kuqhathaniswa isisindo, kuba izikhathi 12 kunangendlela ilanga.

Ngemuva Sadr likhanya ngendlela efanayo kuyinto Delta Cygni. Kuyinto double inkanyezi uhlelo, akhiwe kude zeminyaka 170 ukukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ukuhlukanisa kuwumqansa kuka Albireo. Delta siqukethe izinkanyezi ezimbili ukuthi sekuseduze eyaneleyo, ukuzungeza inkathi yeminyaka engu-537. Esokuqala giant okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe nge likhanya ngendlela efanayo ephakeme kakhulu kunelanga. Umakhelwane wakhe - inkanyezi ephuzi-white, kancane umxhwele kuzo zonke izici.

ejwayelekile

Epsilon Cygni noma Jenny - iphuzu elibaluleke hhayi kuphela ibalazwe esibhakabhakeni, kodwa isayensi yezinkanyezi. Itholakala kude zeminyaka 73 ukukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ehunyushiwe UJenny, noma izimpisi, okusho "iphiko": igama unikeza incazelo olunzulu isikhundla salo umlaza. Yena kukhanya izikhathi 62 okukhanya kakhulu kunelanga.

Iqhaza olukhethekile uJenny kwezesayensi wukuthi spectrum yayo oyindinganiso Ukwahlukaniswa nezinye izinkanyezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo into isikhala 1846, Neptune wavulwa.

Northern engu-

Constellation Cygnus izingane kanye nabantu abadala uyazi omunye asterism, ngokuthi Northern Cross. Lakhiwa izinkanyezi ezinhlanu kuchazwe. Ngaphansi kwesithombe senqaba kuyinto Albireo, ichopho Deneb ekhethiwe, maphakathi asterism - Sadr, futhi izinhlangothi - Jenny futhi Delta Cygni. Kuyinto iphuzu bhá we akha Swan. Constellation (isithombe ukunikeza kahle ke ukuqonda) abakwazi ukuqhosha kukhanya eliqhakazile nezinye izinto zakhe. Yiqiniso, izinkanyezi ezinhlanu alupheli kwezinhloso zenzuzo kuthiwa le nyoni yasezulwini. Nokho, it is North Cross kwenza Umlaza abavelele enjalo Cygnus. Kanjani ukuyithola, ngokuvamile musa noma ucabange: asterism eyaziwa cishe wonke umuntu.

Okunye "labantu"

Enye into ezithakazelisayo kuyinto umlaza ka 61 Cygni, kanambambili inkanyezi uhlelo. Siqukethe yemifino ezimbili orange. Thanda Albireo uhlelo isesihlalweni Earth iyatholakala esifundweni. ubunjalo salo e yokuthi 61 Cygni ingenye izinkanyezi eziseduze Sun (ibanga kusuka inkanyezi yethu 11,36 light-years). Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has ngokunyakaza abalulekile efanele futhi liphethwe yinkampani inani elincani lezinto ezifanayo ebonakalayo ukusuka eMhlabeni. 61 Cygni sibonga elidume astronomy owawukhona phakathi zokugcina umbono ekhulwini mayelana nokuba khona uhlelo lwayo kwamaplanethi. idatha okusha kusukela hhayi ukusekela umbono, kodwa inkanyezi uyaqhubeka ukuba focus yososayensi abaningi.

Enye into isithakazelo esikhulu - kuyinto ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu Cygnus X-1, etholakala eduze 61 Cygni. Lona bhá-X-ray umthombo e umlaza. Cygnus X-1 kufaniswa izinto ezimbili: omunye wabo - Inkanyezi egqamile blue, elinye - umngane wakhe ngokukhohlisa, zingakwazi ukufunda observation. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo uphakanyiswa mass ukudluliselwa izinkanyezi eziluhlaza umgodi omnyama. Phakathi ukunyakaza ke uyabaselwa okushisa omkhulu ngobukhulu kanye ingxenye yalo is asakazeka emkhathini ngesimo Jets ezimbili iqondiswe ku ezahlukene kusukela ohlangothini into. Isimo ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu Cygnus X-1 kwaba 70s kwekhulu elidlule.

esigaxeni

Izinkanyezi akuzona izinto kuphela umlaza Cygnus. Ukushayela ke sihlanganisa esifundeni amnyama wabiza "Northern yamalahle Sack." Akuve eduze yomthala wethu elise ifu interstellar of uthuli negesi. Kunezindlela eziningana mafu. Isakhiwo isikhala izinto zibizwa ngokuthi Veil noma Inethiwekhi (NGC 6960 futhi-NGC 6992), - nemiphumela waduma iminyaka 40,000 edlule, ukuqhuma supernova. On onqenqemeni esentshonalanga Broom le Veil Nebula Witch sika amazing kanye ubuhle izithombe ezithwetshulwe ngosizo izibonakude.

Inkanyezi bhá e umlaza Cygnus, Deneb, inama ukusondela ukuba mafu ezimbili: i-Nyakatfo Melika (NGC 7000) kanye Pelican (IC 5070). Okokuqala ezakheke kakhulu afana nezwekazi eponymous. Kanye Pelican Nebula awabonisi ukukhanya-engaphezu kuka-50. Emhlabeni babone ngeso lenyama, inqobo nje uma umuntu obuka uzobe etholakala endaweni nomuzi waseJerusalema noma yimuphi omunye kukhanyiswe yikona. Babonakala njengoba endaweni encane ukufiphala enyakatho-mpumalanga izinkanyezi ezikhanya ngokwedlulele, okuyinto has dada. Constellation lakhe ngesithombe zonke mafu kuyoba mnandi kakhulu ukuba ingabonakala ngokuphelele konke, idume hhayi kuphela izinkanyezi zawo elikhanyayo nezinye engumakhelwane isikhala izinto. Ngakho, umfanekiso izinyoni ihloniphekile futhi iletha umlando ukubukeka umlaza kubonakala in izinganekwane lasendulo.

Orpheus futhi olunezintambo

Swan - hero zinganekwane eziningi futhi izindaba. Kokubili yethu futhi isiko angaphandle, le nyoni sasifanekisela ubuhle, ubumsulwa umphefumulo nezobuciko. Ezinye izinganekwane ukutshela mayelana nendlela kwakukhona umlaza Cygnus esibhakabhakeni. Legend, izingane kodwa kungaholela ku izincwadi umlando esikoleni esiphakeme lihlotshaniswa umculi yamaGreki asendulo Orpheus. Ngokusho kwakhe, uya kwelabafileyo Eurydice amthandayo, iphule ukwenqatshelwa baphenduka ziyabuya futhi walahlekelwa phakade kungenzeka kabusha othandekayo wakhe. Bedabukiswe, wachitha iminyaka eminingi izulazula emhlabeni, kuyilapho sithembekile Eurydice futhi singavumeli ngokwami namanye amantombazane, ngoba lokho okwakwaziwa ngokuthi i-misogynist. Uma phezu Emblem emfuleni wahlangana neqembu Bacchantes, abayithandayo of Dionysus. Lapho ufunda Orpheus, bathukuthela kakhulu, bayibhidliza, wamshaya umculi uhadi ikhanda lakhe emanzini. Nonkulunkulu Olympus babe akazishalazeli iqhawe, ngiyabuhlonipha nabo ngamakhono abo. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo le nkolelo-ze, umphefumulo Orpheus futhi olunezintambo kwakhe waphakamisa ezulwini. Ngakho lapho umlaza Lear futhi Swan, etholakala eduze komunye nomunye.

Phaeton

Kunezinsumansumane eziningana ukuthi uchaze ukuthi kungani singaba manje cabanga umlaza ka Cygnus. Legend utshela indodana Helios, nonkulunkulu welanga, le Phaeton. Ukufa, wayefuna ukuveza imvelaphi yabo futhi wancenga uyise ukuyiyekela sishayele inqola ilanga esibhakabhakeni. Helios bavumelana. Proud Phaethon ayikwazanga ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi amahhashi ashisayo nezinqola ewa emfuleni. Enhlabathini, kuhlale Cycnus eside uyifuna ngokuqhubekayo, umngane othembekile. Onkulunkulu, bebona njengoba ilusizi, yaba dada. Kulesi sama wayephila eduze kwamanzi. Efuna ukuzoqhubekisela ubungani esingenandaba, uZeyusi ibekwe esibhakabhakeni umlaza ka Cygnus. Legend, maphakathi okuyinto uhlamvu okuthiwa Cycnus, atholakala nokunye ukwahlukahlukana. Igama lakhe lesiGreki lisho "dada."

Ukuhluka Lokudabuka nokufa Cycnus

Hero, kamuva yaphenduka inyoni ezihloniphekayo, izinganekwane ahlukahlukene wayeyindodana unkulunkulu. Uzalwa Apollo, Cycnus waminza ngezifuba phakathi echibini, okuyinto iqamba Kikneyskim. Njengoba indodana Poseidon futhi Kalika Wafica Amakhasi ezinganekwaneni mayelana iThrojani neMpi. Ngokusho yetinsita wabulawa Achilles, noyise waphenduka Cycnus ku dada. Le nguqulo wesithathu indaba ukuthi abazali bayo bangoFakazi Ares, unkulunkulu impi, futhi Pelops. Le nganekwane isitshela ikhono kakhulu ukuphatha Cycnus inqola. Wayethanda ukuya ushayele mncintiswano zonke izimenywa ngokuvakashela indlu. Ukunqoba wahlala njalo Cycnus nje umphikisi wakhe ayizange Hercules. Yena singcono kakhulu indodana Ares walimaza kankulunkulu impi. Isimo kwadingeka ukuba kungenelele, uZeyusi. Ngenxa yalokho, Cycnus aphenduka dada.

kwesiphambano

Kamuva kwezinkathi egcwele incazelo yalo umlaza ka Cygnus. Ukushayela it ebalazweni kwekhulu XVII kamuva ngokuvamile Limiselelwe isithombe uKristu obethelwe esiphambanweni. Hhayi indima okungenani kule ukuhlonza odlale nge kahle imakwe Northern Cross asterism Earth. Ngokuqhathanisa ngayo ukubethelwa iphutha kumadokhumenti ngaphambili. Esikhathini indatshana St. uGregory wase-Tours, sangomhla 592 ngonyaka, incazelo iGrand Cross ne okubonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo maqondana umlaza ka Cygnus. Ngokwe-saint, kwathiwa elise phakathi izinhlamvu alpha and omega, "wabhala:" izinkanyezi Delphine futhi Lyra ngokulandelana. Letimphawu ahambisana wacaphuna Encwadi YesAmbulo, lapho uKristu ovusiwe uzibiza Alfa no-Omega, isiqalo nesiphetho.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, isithombe kwesiphambano futhi libhekisela Orpheus. Ngokwezinye izazi, Christian Roma ekuqaleni lolu kholo olusha waboleka omelela uNkulunkulu ebethelwe kwabezizwe, ngakho esibonisa Orpheus. Lokhu kucatshangwa uyaphinda intambo eyodwa uxhuma umlaza Cygnus, inganekwane mayelana umculi kanye legend zeBhayibheli.

isikhala Ogcwele Izinkanyezi is abatelekile yobuhle balo nokuhlala njalo edonsa hhayi kuphela imibono kodwa futhi imicabango yabantu endulo ophoqelelwe kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna incazelo yakho konke lokhu ubukhazikhazi. Constellation Cygnus - sibonelo esigqamile kanjani isidingo ukukuqonda isikhala ezingafinyeleleki usebenzisa izindlela kwezobuciko zokuchaza izinkondlo nama-legends. Kungase kungabi ukubukwa ebekwe ngazo ezinganekwaneni zasendulo nezinganekwane, ngeke sazi ngazo, kanye nengxenye lalokho namuhla okwaziwa.

abantu Modern kungukuthi ophucwa isifiso ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela izindawo eziningi eliqhakazile esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Ukuze izibalo isayensi esiqinile kungabonwa iphupho ukukuqonda imfihlakalo yonke, ukufunda imithetho yayo kanye nokuqonda enembile ukungakwazi ukuba bakwamukele umqondo womuntu sonke neohvatnost yayo. Isithombe i-Hubble futhi "nozakwethu" zakhe zabonisa kanjani eduze iqiniso kwakungamadoda izimbongi lasendulo ngomqondo ubuhle, welulela phezu kwamakhanda ethu. Uma ucabangela izithombe, kulula ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi phakathi ubukhazikhazi elikhazimulayo izinkanyezi futhi mafu ngabe ukubukelwa phansi ukuphila noma yibaphi onkulunkulu bezizwe.