Izincazelo eyohlobo: izibonelo. Ekunikezweni izincazelo ezifanayo

kulungiselelwa engafanele izimpawu zokubhala - omunye amaphutha ezivame kakhulu wenza ngokubhala. Kuphakathi kwezilingo ezinzima kakhulu imitsetfo yetimphawu tekubhala ngokuvamile ezihlobene ekwakhiweni okhefana ngemisho lapho kukhona non-zamasosha noma definition iyunifomu. Ukuyiqonda ngokucacile izici zabo futhi umehluko kuphela kusiza ukuqopha lesifanele futhi ifundeka kalula.

Iyini incazelo?

Lena ingxenye encane yomusho, ekhombisa izici, izakhiwo noma izinga into, wabhekisela ibizo. Ngokuvamile zesikholwa isiphawulo (isikhafu omhlophe), wenhlanganyelo (umfana egijima), isabizwana (indlu yethu), neenomborosikhundla (inombolo yesibili) bese uphendvula imibuto "yini?" "Elikabani?". Nokho, zikhona izimo ukusetshenziswa njengendlela incazelo Ibizo (ingubo kuseli), ngesimo esingayindawo isenzo (iphupho kungenzeka ezindizayo), sichasiso e ngezinga elula ukuqhathanisa (kwakubonakala owesifazane osekhulile), tandziso (amaqanda abilisiwe).

Kuyini imigomo eyohlobo

Incazelo yaleli umqondo onikezwa ngokuphathelene isakhiwo kanye syntax elula (noma yekwenta ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi) inikeza. imigomo eyohlobo sivezwe kula mazwi elilodwa tenkhulumo, futhi ngendlela efanayo, kuxhomeke endleleni umuntu futhi esho izwi elifanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngeke aphendule umbuzo jikelele, futhi enze emshweni engenawo umsebenzi ofanayo syntactic. amalungu eyohlobo ukuxhumana nabanye noma asyndetic isibopho ngamunye coordinative. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukushintshashintsha ngokuvamile kungenzeka lichaza ekwakheni-syntax yabo.

Kususelwa imithetho ngenhla, singasho ukuthi incazelo iyunifomu elichaza into ngesisekelo ezivamile (nobe efanayo) izimpawu izimfanelo. Cabanga ngalo musho: "Esikhathini Garden phezu imbali yabo nabo umi ngokuzazisa mhlophe, zibe bomvu, efihlekile maroon ungakabi rose iqhakazile." Futhi esetshenziswa yencazelo iyunifomu umbala ekhethiwe, okusho ukuthi ube njani into ngezizathu ezifanayo. Noma esinye isibonelo: "Msinyana ngemva languishing umuzi ukushisa hung ongaphakeme, asindwayo." Isiphakamiso ingenye uphawu ngokunengqondo ixhunywe kwenye.

definition heterogeneous futhi eyohlobo: izici

Lo mbuzo ngokuvamile kubangela ubunzima. Ukuze uyiqonde, sihlolisise Nokho, iqembu ngalinye likwazi izici izincazelo.

Lawa izici eziyinhloko, nolwazi esizovumela ukuba kalula ukuhlukanisa phakathi iziphakamiso nge iyunifomu izincazelo kanye patchy. Ngakho, ngendlela efanele ukubeka izimpawu zokubhala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwenza-syntax nezimpawu zokuloba sesiphakamiso, kubalulekile ukukhumbula amaphuzu alandelayo ezibalulekile.

Izincazelo, okuyizinto njalo iyunifomu

1. Standing eduze tichasiso elichaza into ngomunye sici: usayizi, umbala, indawo, ukuhlolwa, imizwa, njll "Ngo-esitolo sezincwadi zahar kusengaphambili wathenga izincwadi ku isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane, isiko French."
2. Kudliwa eqenjini isigwebo omqondofana: ungomunye futhi uphawu efanayo ibizwa ngokuthi ehlukile. "Ekuseni ngovivi bonke endlini abekade bejabule, isimo senjabulo kaKhisimusi nje, kubangelwa izindaba izolo."
3. Iinhlathululo ukuthi ulandele ibizo, ngaphandle lafana ibhuloho crane sokudonsa. Ngokwesibonelo, e inkondlo Pushkin sithola: "Endleleni ebusika, boring threesome iphelela ibhansi." Kulokhu, ngamunye tichasiso zebizo libhekisela ngqo, kuyilapho ngokunengqondo zonke definition imele.
4. izingxenye eyohlobo kwemusho kukhona gradations inshokutsi, okungukuthi, ukuhlonza ithegi kokwanda. "Sisters, embozwe kwenjabulo, zemikhosi, isimo thokozile ukubufihla imizwelo."
5. izincazelo esiguqukayo. Ngokwesibonelo: "Egumbini, umuntu omude wahamba behamba e ijezi efudumele, ngamehlo elikhazimulayo, ukumamatheka ebukekayo."

Inhlanganisela isiphawulo olulodwa futhi ibinzana participial

Kufanele futhi ugxile esilandelayo izincazelo. Ingabe ukusetshenziswa eduze walandisa eyodwa Ibizo participial isiphawulo. Kukhona izimpawu zokubhala design incike isikhundla wokugcina.

Uniform cishe njalo sithole uhlelo olufanele "isiphawulo Single + participial". Ngokwesibonelo, "In ibanga kungabonwa ebumnyameni, ezinde phezu ezintabeni ezinamahlathi." Nokho, uma isiphawulo participial esetshenziswa ngaphambi futhi akubhekiseli zebizo, kodwa nayo yonke inhlanganisela, kokubusa "zokuloba at iyunifomu izincazelo" akusebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, "Ngakolunye kulo mhlabathi omanzi owehla ngobumnene ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa emoyeni ekwindla amaqabunga ophuzi."

Kudingeka ungacabangi elinye iphuzu. Cabangela isibonelo esilandelayo: "Ngo-phakathi awugqinsi, mnyama kusahwalala, ngisakaza firs ngokulambisa wayebona endleleni enyinyekile, kwavula kwechibi." Lesi siphakamiso kuyinto izincazelo abahlukene iyunifomu uzwakalise turnovers abathintekayo. Elokuqala ngalo itholakala phakathi tiphawulo ezimbili olulodwa futhi icacisa ukuthi zisho ukuthini "obukhulu". Ngenxa imithetho yokubhalisa amalungu eyohlobo labelwe kwi emamaki incwadi nezimpawu zokubhala.

Ezimweni lapho ukhefana kungadingeki, kodwa ayethanda

1. definition eyohlobo (izibonelo zazo ngokuvamile atholakala izincwadi) ezahlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile ohambisana izimpawu esiyimbangela nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, "In ebusuku, (ungafaka COS) ezitaladini eyihlane kungabonwa ngokucacile kusukela ithunzi eside yemithi kanye izibani." Esinye isibonelo: "Kungazelelwe ubudala ukuzwa wezwa umsindo ovala izindlebe wokudubula (COS) nokuduma ezimbi".
2. Iziphakamiso kanye epithets, enikeza izici okuhlukahlukene into. Ngokwesibonelo, "Futhi manje, ebuka enkulu, ayilutho ubuso Luzhin, yena ... wagcwala isihawu ..." (Vladimir Nabokov). Noma laseChekhov: "Kube yezimvula, udaka, ekwindla omnyama".
3. Ngezinye tiphawulo ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso (efana epithets): "Omkhulu, amehlo izinhlanzi lukaThimothewu badabukile futhi abukela ngqo phambili."

Okunjalo izincazelo eyohlobo - izibonelo sikhonjiswa - ungumhleli izindlela ezinhle kakhulu yokukhuluma esithombeni esikulesi. Ngosizo lwabo abalobi ngakhoke, ukugcizelela imininingwane ethile ebalulekile incazelo into (umuntu).

emacaleni angakajayeleki

Ngezinye izikhathi inkulumo zingatholakala iziphakamiso nge izincazelo ezifanayo esashiwo inhlanganisela tiphawulo qualitative isihlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, "Kuze kube muva nje, le ndawo wama endala, izindlu ongaphakeme, manje lihlotshiswe okusezingeni eliphezulu entsha." Njengoba lesi sibonelo sibonisa, kulesi simo amaqembu amabili izincazelo eziphathelene eyodwa ibizo, kodwa kokuba nencazelo okuphambene.

Elinye icala siphathelene Tincumo ochazayo ubudlelwane sixhumene. "Abaningana impela ezahlukene, imisindo eyinqaba wakuva kusukela windi livuliwe." Kulesi umusho, ngemuva kwencazelo lokuqala kungafaneleka igama elithi "okungukuthi", "okusho ukuthi".

Ukubeka imithetho zokuloba

Konke kuncike kanjani oxhumene ukuzimisela eyohlobo. Amakhoma ezibekwe kweyoku uxhumano asyndetic. Isibonelo: "Ngo-kompheme wahlala isihlalo, esishwabene, owesifazane iDemo onesifumbu ubudala buthule bakhomba umnyango ovulekile." Ephambi kwezinduna wokuxhumanisa tihlanganiso ( "njengoba umthetho", "futhi"), izimpawu zokubhala kungukuthi ezidingekayo. "Abesifazane e amahembe amhlophe kanye Homespun blue walunguza kude, benethemba lokuthola umgibeli ngokuya kubo." Ngakho, lezi ziphakamiso zisebenza imitsetfo yetimphawu tekubhala, esebenza zonke izakhiwo syntactic namalungu eyohlobo.

Inquma ukuthi heterogeneous (izibonelo zayo zidingidwa etafuleni), ukhefana ungacimi therebetween. Ukwehluka wenze iziphakamiso nge inhlanganisela, kuyadida. Ngokwesibonelo, "Ngemva mpikiswano kakhulu kanye nekucabangisisa, kwanqunywa ukuba asebenzise ezinye izindlela kungase kutholakale." Kulokhu, zonke incike esithi. Ikhefu, uma ngaphambi igama elithi "kungase kutholakale" ungakwazi ukufaka "okungukuthi".

isiphetho

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-imikhondo ngenhla esiphethweni sokuthi lemakhono ekukwati kufundza nekubhala zokuloba ixhomeke ulwazi ethile theory omama-syntax: iyini definition izingxenye eyohlobo kwemusho.