Kuyini ibanga ohlelweni inkanyezi Alpha Centauri? Kungenzeka yini ukuba ndizela Alpha Centauri?

Alpha Centauri - injongo mkhathi ezindizayo emisebenzini eminingi okuqondene uhlobo yesayensi. Kuyinto inkanyezi eseduze libhekisela sibalo wasezulwini, kulethe centaur edume Chiron, ngokuvumelana zamaGreki, uthisha yangaphambili Hercules futhi Achilles.

Izazi zanamuhla, kanye abalobi, njalo uzobuya umcabango ohlelweni inkanyezi, ngoba akuyona kuphela ikhandidethi yokuqala eside isikhala umsebenzi, kodwa futhi umnikazi kungenzeka zenani labantu abakhona emhlabeni.

isakhiwo

Alpha Centauri inkanyezi uhlelo lakhiwe ngemalunga lamatsatfu isikhala izinto: emibili izinkanyezi kwegama nezimpawu ezifanayo A no-B, kanye Proxima Centauri. Ngenxa yalezi izinkanyezi libhekene ukusondela yezingxenye ezimbili futhi akude - eyesithathu. Proxima nje kuyinto yakamuva. Ibanga-Alpha Centauri nazo zonke izakhi zawo imayelana 4.3 light-years. Izinkanyezi eduze Umhlaba ngalesi sikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo esheshayo ndizela Proxima: sonke iminyaka ukukhanya share 4,22.

izihlobo solar

Alpha Centauri A no B bengafani engumngane hhayi kuphela ibanga uMhlaba. Ziyakwazi ngokungafani Proxima ngezindlela eziningi esifana ilanga. Alpha Centaur A noma-Rigel Kentavrus (elisho ukuthi "umlenze Centaur") licace ingxenye pair. Toliman Futhi indlela ubizwa nangokuthi inkanyezi - ophuzi yemifino. Emhlabeni kucace ngokuphelele, ngoba zero ezidlula. Lolu khetho kwenza kube wesine ku uhlu amaphuzu kunazo yesiteleka isibhakabhaka ebusuku. usayizi into cishe kuvumelana nako nelanga.

Star Alpha Centaur Ngo inkanyiso yethu siphansi isisindo (cishe izikhathi 0.9 ukubaluleka ipharamitha ezihambisana nayo Sun). Libhekisela izinto okunjengalokho lokuqala, kanye nezinga luminosity lingaphansi mayelana ezimbili izikhathi kunalokho izinkanyezi main yomthala wethu ucezu. Ibanga phakathi engumngane emibili elandelanayo kuyinto 23 amayunithi yezinkanyezi, okungukuthi, ukuthi akuphi ezikhathini 23 ezikude nomunye kuka Earth ukusuka elangeni. Toliman Toliman A no B ndawonye singaxoxi isikhungo uyaca nge nenkathi eyiminyaka engu-80.

I etholakale muva nje

Ososayensi, njengoba kakade kushiwo, ngisibeké amathemba okusezingeni eliphezulu ekutholakaleni zokuphila eduze inkanyezi Alpha Centauri. Amaplanethi kucatshangwa ukuba khona lapha zingase zifane Umhlaba ngendlela efanayo njengoba izingxenye ngokwabo asikhumbuza inkanyezi ohlelweni lwethu. Nokho, Kuze kube muva nje, lezi zindikimba cosmic atholakele eduze inkanyezi. Ibanga awukwazi ngqo sebenzisa amaplanethi. Ithola ubufakazi bokuba khona into Earth-like kwaba kuphela kungenzeka nge ngaphambi art ngcono.

Ngokusebenzisa indlela osabalalayo-velocity, ososayensi bakwazi ukubona iyehla iyenyuka encane kakhulu Toliman, okuzovela bedle amandla adonsela phansi we okulizungezayo kubonakale kungelutho. Ngakho-ke etholwe ukufakazela ukuba khona kwamandla okungenani eyodwa into enjalo ohlelweni. Kunyakaza okubangelwa iplanethi esiboniswe uhlobo ukufuduka yayo 51 cm yesibili phambili bese emuva ngayinye. Ezimweni eliwumhlaba hambisa efanayo ngisho emzimbeni ngobukhulu kungaba obonakala khulu. Nokho, ukuba kude nendlu 4.3 light-years of kokutholakala oscillations kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Nokho, liye ababhalisiwe.

udade Zomhlaba

Uthole iplanethi ezungeza Alpha Centauri B ezinsukwini 3.2. Itholakala esondelene kakhulu engaba izinkanyezi ukulokho kancane ngokuphindwe kayishumi okuhambisanayo ipharamitha nobuntu Mercury. Sisindvo kule nto isikhala eduze emhlabeni futhi imayelana 1.1 ngesisindo Blue iplanethi. Kulesi ukufana kuphelela: ukusondela, ngokososayensi, okusikisela ukuthi umsuka eziphilayo eplanethini yethu engenakwenzeka. Amandla wokukhanya okufika ubuso bayo heats kakhulu ngaye.

eliseduze

Uphiko wesithathu uhlelo inkanyezi, lenza wonke umlaza abadumile - Alpha Centauri C, noma Proxima Centauri. umzimba engaphandle I gama lisho ukuthi "ngokushesha". Proxima kubiza kusukela nabangane babo at ibanga iminyaka ukukhanya 13,000. Lokhu into nanye ezidlula, obomvu yemifino ezincane (mayelana izikhathi 7 lincane Sun) kanye okusolisayo kakhulu. Bona-ke ngeso lenyama akunakwenzeka. Ukuze Proxima isici "ukubuyisa" isimo: inkanyezi uyakwazi kwamaminithi ambalwa ukushintsha ukubaluleka ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo yayo kabili. Isizathu salokhu "ukuziphatha" in the izinqubo zangaphakathi okwenzeka emaqaqasini yemifino.

isikhundla ezimbili

Proxima Sekuyisikhathi eside kucatshangwa ukuthi isici sesithathu uhlelo Alpha Centauri, azungeza pair of A no B iminyaka engaba ngu-500. Nokho, muva nje, umbono buthola umfutho ukuthi obomvu yemifino ayinakho maqondana nabo, kanye nokuxhumana of the izidumbu ezintathu yasezulwini - into yesikhashana.

Isizathu sokuba ukungabaza babe idatha uthi pair umphakathi osondelene wemibhangqwana izinkanyezi akanayo eyanele osikweni okudonsa Luhambo, ukugcina namanje futhi Proxima. Tholakele ekuqaleni 90s kwekhulu elidlule okwesikhathi Imininingwane eside isikhathi kudingeka isiqinisekiso ezengeziwe. kokuma kwakamuva futhi izibalo ososayensi impendulo isobala ayikazeki. Ngokusho nekucabangela Proxima basengaba ingxenye uhlelo kathathu nokuhambahamba isikhungo ezivamile gravity. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzila wokuzungeza kwalo kufanele afane okweqanda side, kanye iphuzu ezikude kakhulu kusukela maphakathi - umuntu lapho izinkanyezi abakubukele manje.

amaphrojekthi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, okungukuthi Proxima ihlelelwe fly kwasekuqaleni, uma itholakala. Uhambo ku-Alpha Centauri ezingeni samanje yentuthuko isikhala ubuchwepheshe ingahlala iminyaka engaphezu kuka-1000. Le nkathi umane engacabangeki, ngoba ososayensi amatasa ucinge ongakhetha ukunciphisa ke.

Iqembu NASA abacwaningi eholwa uHarold White ukuhlakulela iphrojekthi "Speed", umphumela okufanele abe injini entsha. Sici Its ekhethekile kuyoba ikhono unqobe ngejubane lokukhanya, okwenza indiza esuka Earth inkanyezi eseduze kuyoba ngamasonto amabili kuphela. Leso simangaliso ubuchwepheshe kuyoba wobuciko wangempela umsebenzi athishela of zesayensi theory kanye nama-experimenters. Nokho, Kuze kube manje, lo mkhumbi, zokunqoba ijubane lokukhanya - esikhathini esizayo. Elilinganiswayo Marc Millis, wake wasebenza at NASA, efana ubuchwepheshe, uma ekhona ngokulinganisela samanje inqubekela phambili ukunyakaza, abe ngokoqobo ngaphambili kuka eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili. Ukuncishiswa ethemini kungenzeka kuphela uma kuvulwa kuzokwenziwa ukuthi kungaba ngendlela ephawulekayo ukushintsha imibono ekhona mayelana ukuya emkhathini.

Manje Proxima Centauri nabangane bayo bahlale Umgomo, lungafinyeleleki esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ubuchwepheshe Nokho, njalo ngcono, futhi ulwazi olusha mayelana nezici sonozungezilanga - ukuthi ubufakazi ezibukwayo. Ngisho nanamuhla, ososayensi izinto eziningi, cishe sekudlule iminyaka engu 40-50 edlule futhi akazange abe ukuphupha.