Izindawo zangasese (SPZ): incazelo, ubukhulu, umthetho

Udaba ngokuhlukana izinkampani kule amakilasi ingozi nokumiswa ezifanele sesikhashana esishintshashintshayo esihambelana abaphathi ukukhiqizwa eziningi nezinhlangano yokuthengisa. Le ndawo kulawulwa, kubalulwa izenzo eziningana zomthetho. The main wabo kuphuma SanPin 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03.

sphere kwesicelo

esishintshashintshayo sanitary iziqondiso zisebenze ukwakhiwa, ukuhlela, ukuthunyelwa, ukusebenza, eyayisanda kwakhiwa, zokulungisa ezikhona izitshalo zezimboni kanye izindawo. Imithetho zisetshenziswa izakhi yokuxhumana kanye ezokuthutha, inethiwekhi commercial, iIgama, Tinsita ezolimo, ukukhiqizwa umshayeli. Bonke isinyathelo nemisuka nomthelela empilweni yomuntu futhi ezungezile.

imigomo

Imithetho ichaze:

1. Hazard ekilasini yokukhiqiza izakhiwo kanye abaqashwe umkhakha.
2. Izidingo endaweni ezivikelekile, izimo bokubuyekeza yabo.
3. Inqubo kanye izindlela ukusungula imingcele esishintshashintshayo sanitary ngemisebenzi ngabanye noma izakhiwo zabo.
4. Imikhawulo ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikhethekile Ukuvikelwa.
5. Inqubo lenhlangano futhi nokufezwa izindawo.
6. Izidingo zokuxhumana sanitary ukudabuka enobungozi (ujantshi, iphayiphi, umgwaqo, umoya, njll).

izikhonzi

Umi imithetho yenhlanzeko kumelwe ilandelwe abantu zomthetho kanye ngokomzimba omisebenzi siphathelene ukubekwa, ukwakhiwa, ukuhlela kanye nokusebenza. izidingo Kuvunyiwe nazo senzelwe izidumbu ogunyaziwe ukuzivocavoca kokuqondisa isimo.

SanPiN: esishintshashintshayo sanitary

Ukuze siqinisekise ukuvikeleka kwe-izakhamuzi, ngokuhambisana zoMthetho Federal №52 kusuka 30 Mashi 1999, emhlabeni izitshalo kanye nezinhlaka isinyathelo nemisuka nomthelela empilweni yomuntu kanye imvelo, ukwakha isigaba okhethekile nge umbuso ekhethekile ukusetshenziswa. Usayizi zone sanitary kufanele kuncishiswe enqabayo ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo, umphumela yemvelo emoyeni ngaphakathi imingcele ethile. Ngu ukusebenza kulezi zindawo ukukhonza njengesithiyo ezizosiza ekusunguleni i ezifanele zokuphepha komphakathi ezingeni ngesikhathi ukusebenza izinqubo zezimboni noma esinye isakhiwo ku kwimodi ejwayelekile.

ukuhlela

Lesi sinyathelo sibandakanya ukuthi ekubaleni zone sanitary abuye esekele endaweni yayo kulinganiselwa ngokuhambisana olulindelekile ukungcoliswa komoya nezinga umphumela ngokomzimba phezu kwakhe. Izibalo okuholela kumele kuqinisekiswa imiphumela izilinganiso nocwaningo. esishintshashintshayo sanitary phrojekthi isakhiwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. isigaba olwandulelayo. Ukulungiselela imibhalo ngokuhambisana ukungcoliswa komoya ukuhlakazwa ukubala namathonya ngokomzimba (nokudludliza, umsindo, EMI, njll ..).
2. Isinyathelo sokugcina (isethi). endaweni yenhlanzeko sihlelelwe ngokuhambisana imiphumela kokuma ensimini, izivivinyo kanye izilinganiso ukuqinisekisa imingcele wathola ngaphambili.

avelele ezengeziwe

Lokunquma, olukukhombayo endaweni esishintshashintshayo enelanga, - exceedance ku imingcele zabo zangaphandle ngapha nangapha futhi ngaphandle esiphezulu (ubuningi) lokuhlushwa kuvunyelwe (MPC) umoya ungcolisa compounds nemizana namazinga kuvunyelwe (RC) ngomphumela ngokomzimba. Ukuze amaqembu imikhiqizo zezimboni Single isethi sanitary Ukuvikelwa zone (SPZ) nge inkomba jikelele kwekhabhoni kuyo yonke imithombo ngaphakathi endaweni efanayo. Laboratory for Air Ucwaningo nezilinganiso amathonya ngokomzimba kuso abazenzi emigceni omisiwe izigaba ezikhethekile, endaweni ejensi kwezindlu izindlu accredited ngendlela ebekiwe kubulawa imisebenzi enjalo.

izindawo umngcele

Yenhlanzeko Ukuvikelwa zone (SPZ) isethwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile, ngokuvumelana nezici ekushayweni. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo umbandela, bavunyelwe izindlela ezimbili ukwakha izingxenye ezifana:

1. Emithonjeni ukuthi ube nomzimba namakhemikhali awo, umphumela yemvelo khona izinto medium and okusezingeni eliphezulu, esikhiqiza kwekhabhoni eshubile.
2. Kusukela esiqeshini sendawo imigqa okuqondene ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho kanye wabulawelwa ngokulandela inqubo esungulwe, kuze umkhawulo yangaphandle in a isiqondiso kusengaphambili.

Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, sanitary Enterprise Zone ezisungulwe:

1. Emithonjeni lengakahleleki kantsi esisemthethweni. Lolu khetho isetshenziswa lapho izindawo ongaphandle imishini inqubo.
2. Lapho inhlangano sokukhiqiza imithombo basakaza ngaphesheya endaweni yezimboni.
3. Ephambi kwezinduna izindawo ongaphakeme kanye ebusweni futhi izakhiwo, ethwele kwekhabhoni abandayo ukuphakama isilinganiso.

Enqabelo nezimvume

Ezindaweni nge amazinga yangemuva esingeqile nezimfuneko yokuhlanzeka, zokuhlala, ayezosebenza njengabaqondisi imithombo yokungcola neminingi imiphumela empilweni yomuntu azivumelekile. kabusha noma ezinjenge enikeziwe ukwehlisa zonke izinhlobo nomthelela omubi kuma-MPC e ekucindezelekeni begazi futhi amakhemikhali, futhi elawulwa kude ukuze izici ezingokomzimba avunyelwe ukufakwa ekhona nokuba angasetshenziswa ezimbonini.

Yenhlanzeko esishintshashintshayo Ukuvikelwa kanye ngezigaba sanitary wamabhizinisi

Lapho lokungafani endaweni ezindaweni ezikhethekile kuchazwe ngaphansi ukulinganisela futhi okuholela ubungozi kophenyo ensimini futhi yizilinganiso imiphumela engokomzimba, begazi futhi chemical emoyeni, isinqumo ukusungula ilinganiselwe phansi ezithathwe samuntu owawuthi iqinisekisa ukuphepha esiphezulu for impilo abahlali ugcwale izakhamuzi iphuzu. Yenhlanzeko Ukuvikelwa esishintshashintshayo kanye nezinkampani ngezigaba sanitary zinqunywa ngokwentando umthamo, izimo zokusebenza, inani kanye nohlobo compounds ezikhishwe emoyeni, eyenziwe vibration, umsindo nezinye izinto ezingezinhle. Izinkomba kanye namaqembu akhiwa futhi uma sicabangela izindlela Kucatshangwa ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi empilweni yomuntu futhi izimo zokuphila. Ukwahlukaniswa elandelayo sanitary Ukuvikelwa esishintshashintshayo:

• 1 amaseli. - 1000 amamitha.
• 2 cl. - 500 m.
• 3 cl. - amamitha angu-300.
• 4 amaseli. - 100 m.
• 5 cl. - 50 amamitha.

Kumele uthe Imithetho odlule nezinezimo sanitary ziye kabili. Ngokwesibonelo, ekilasini lokuqala -. 2000 m ukuncishiswa lesikhashana e ivolumu ukukhiqizwa engathathi isinyathelo njengesisekelo kubuyeketa isikhala wathola. zone yenhlanzeko into semidwebo (scheme ukuhlela indawo, epulanini edolobheni nokunye.) Ngaphandle kwe-site zezimboni ephawulwe ekhethekile Imininingwane izimpawu.

Ukwanda umhlaba

Imithetho kukhona izimo ezimbalwa kwamabhizinisi endaweni enelanga zingandiswa ngaphansi kwazo. Ukunwetshwa kwendawo kufaka kungekho izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu. esishintshashintshayo yenhlanzeko kungase kukhule emizimbeni kokubonisana nokwakhiwa Ukuhlolwa yenhlanzeko:

1. Kuye ukusebenza kwe kungenzeka noma enikeziwe zokulawula umoya ekushayweni.
2. Uma kudingekile, beka ukuthuthukiswa zokuhlala ohlangothini Kunama mayelana ukukhiqizwa yezimboni endaweni yokungcola komoya kungenzeka.
3. In the ukungabikho izindlela ekushayweni nokuhlanzwa.
4. Kuye isiqondiso somoya nezinye izimo sezwe ezingezinhle.
5. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuba sinciphise vibration, umsindo, kagesi amagagasi RF nezinye izici ezimbi ukuthi ufake imvelo, kuze imikhawulo lokuvela iziqondiso.
6. Nge ukwakhiwa omusha, insufficiently wafunda imvelo imikhiqizo.

okufezwayo

esishintshashintshayo yenhlanzeko noma izingxenye zalo, kungenzeka ingasetshenziswa ukunwetshwa amasayithi ezimbonini. Indawo kufanele greened futhi landscaped. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uhlelo olukhethekile ithuthukiswe. Wenziwe kanyekanye nephrojekthi of kabusha noma ukwakhiwa zokukhiqiza. Lapho ihlela ukuba kube ngcono nge endaweni yokuhlala (endaweni ukubekwa wemboni zokuhlala, izindawo zamasiko, nokunye.) Ingabe kudingekile ukunikeza izihlahla strip futhi ezihlabayo watshala. ububanzi kumele kube ngamamitha angengaphansi kwangu-50, kuyilapho ububanzi zone sesikhana 100 m - hhayi ngaphansi kuka 20 m ukuqinisekisa izinga ofanele kahle kwemvelo enikeziwe eMithethweni izakhi ukuthi zingafakwa ngaphakathi izingxenye ekhethekile, kanye ngqo kusayithi ezimbonini.

ingqalasizinda yenuzi

esishintshashintshayo sanitary of ukufaka zenuzi ehlinzekelwe ku Art. 31 isibalo uMthetho Federal 170. Kudaliwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa impilo kubantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi, umthombo ngemisebe noma isitoreji indawo izinto ezinemisebe esakhini esithile futhi izinto. Area kanye imikhawulo ezindaweni ezifana achazwa kule plan ngokuvumelana nemithetho ezibekwe emkhakheni zenuzi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. Wavuma ngezidumbu yenhlanzeko Inspection evunywe izinhlaka zombuso zikamasipala.

imithetho

Mthetho ngaphezulu akukwazi indawo ngaphakathi izinto sesikhashana zone echaziwe. Lezi zihlanganisa kuhlanganise zomphakathi nezinye izindawo zokuhlala, ukunakekelwa ingane izikhungo, ezempilo nokwakha ukuzilibazisa, catering, izimboni, amapulazi akhiqiza Umbuso indawo, kanye nezinye izakhiwo epulazini, akuzona efanele nokuqhutshwa ukufakwa zenuzi hhayi ngokunqaba lomumo elivunyiwe zensimu. Isondlo izindawo ezivele zikhona ngaphakathi zone izinjongo zezomnotho uma isimo ngokusebenzisa kwawo kuvunyelwe ku isethulo inkampani service, ubambisene ekuphathweni isimo futhi imibutho yezokuphepha.

Lots of observation

Nesidingo sokuthola esishintshashintshayo ezinjalo, emideni yabo nezindawo kuchazwe kahle ehlelweni lwekuhlola ngokuhambisana izici ukuphepha ukufaka zenuzi. Amapharamitha wavumelana izidumbu zabantu yenhlanzeko Ukuhlolwa. Esizeni kokuma kungenzeka ukuthi abeke abanye imigoqo ekusebenziseni ezomnotho kohlaka lomthetho ezikhona. Uma endaweni yalolu hlobo afakiwe esishintshashintshayo enelanga, izilinganiso isinxephezelo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kuya bamazwe. Bonke bahlose isinxephezelo ngenxa eyengeziwe engcupheni. Izakhamizi futhi imbozwe izinyathelo zokuhlela eziphuthumayo. Isinxephezelo for umonakalo odalwe ukusungulwa iziteshi ukuqapha kanye sanitary Ukuvikelwa zone, owenziwa opharetha kohlaka umtsetfo lokhona.

Ukuthuthukisa umbuso kwamanzi

Ezindaweni lapho kukhona ezakhelene amanzi emifuleni, emachibini kanye nezinye gidroistochnikov ebusweni, efakwe sanitary alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi zone. Basuke sesimeni umbuso ekhethekile imisebenzi kwezomnotho kanye nezinye. It ihlose nokuvimbela silting, ukungcola, ukungcola kanye Ukuwohloka izinto, olondolozela Indawo izilwane nezitshalo. izigaba okunjalo akhiwa njengengxenye izinyathelo kwemvelo okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono isimo lobuchwepheshe kanye umbuso kwamanzi, ngcono imithombo kanye imigqa ugu. Ngaphakathi shelterbelts esishintshashintshayo esungulwe, ngaphakathi okuyinto letengetiwe eqine yethulwe.

Imininingwane ukubeka imingcele

Coastal endaweni futhi niqaphe umngcele bands izingxenye oluvikelayo imithombo yamanzi, imodi yabo ukusetshenziswa kunqunywa ngokuvumelana inhlabathi, izimo ngokomzimba womhlaba, kwamanzi kanye nezinye isimo sezwe. Lokhu kuthatha akhawunti izinguquko umhlahlo e ogwini. Border endaweni ziyakuhlushwa evunywe lesifunda esiphezulu izakhiwo ngesiphakamiso Basin kanye nezinye izigungu zendawo olawula ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuvikelwa Ministry kwamanzi of Natural Resources Isikhwama, wavumelana izinhlangano isimo ogunyazwe ngokukhethekile emkhakheni nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, neminyango sanitary-epidemiological kanye emahhovisi Federal Border Izikhungo, ezinekhono yabo.

amapharamitha

Usungula ububanzi ezilandelayo okungenani izingxenye ukuvikelwa kanye emapheshana ugu zokuzivikela:

1. Ukuze amachibi, imifula kanye namachibi oxbow - kusukela onqenqemeni kwamanzi ezingeni evamile kuleli chweba.
2. Ukuze emaxhaphozini - emikhawulweni yabo (zero ka Peat ezifakwa ukujula).
3. Ukuze kwezilwandle - kumkhawulo omkhulu isimo.

Ububanzi ubuncane esivikelo Ukuvikelwa zone ngoba umfula izindawo, ubude baso emthonjeni:

1. 10 km - 50 amamitha.
2. Kusukela 10 kuya 50 km - 100 m.
3. 50-100 km - 200 metres.
4. 100-200 km - 300 m.
5. 200-500 km - ayi-400.
6. 500 nokuningi - 500 m.

izici Key

Sungula imibandela ethize ukuze sicabange ngazo lapho sinquma ububanzi umugqa elisogwini emachibini, emifuleni kanye amadamu. Lezi zinto zibandakanya izinhlobo amazwe kukhona eseduze incwadi, nanku steepness we nemithambeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ububanzi ogwini at zero noma ukubuyisela emuva nokuchema khona umhlabathi olimekayo isethwe ngaphakathi 15-30 m, izihlahla kanye ihlathi - 35 amamitha. Lapho ama-degree angaphezu kwamathathu emthambekeni., Phambi izinto ezifanayo eduze, ukwanda Ibanga 55-100 m.

imisebenzi kungavunyelwe

Umthetho ukuvikelwa esishintshashintshayo Ukuvikelwa amanzi abe imikhawulo kubulawa imisebenzi. Ikakhulukazi, imisebenzi kungavunyelwe ezifana:

1. Ukusetshenziswa amakhemikhali namandla ulwe nezifo zezitshalo kanye izinambuzane, ukuqeda ukhula.
2. Ukusebenza air-chemical imisebenzi.
3. Ukusetshenziswa umquba umquba ukwehla nokugeleza kwawo.
4. Ukubekwa zikamanyolo emadepho, uthambise, amakhemikhali, amapulatifomu refilling apharathasi imithi enobungozi, abafuya izinkomo futhi izindawo, kulahlwa amasayithi kanye nokugcinwa kukadoti yezolimo, ezimbonini nasemizini, indawo yokugcina amanzi indle, zokungcwaba kanye amangcwaba.
5. Refueling, ukulungisa kanye yokuhlanza izimoto, imishini.
6. Nokugcinwa kukadoti kanye umquba.
7. Indawo ukulima nezindawo suburban, uma ububanzi zone ayisivikelo umthombo wamanzi lingaphansi kuka 100 m, kanye steepness ka emithambekeni ezindaweni ezakhelene - ezingaphezu kuka-degree ezintathu.
8. Buciko ukusika ukusetshenziswa main.
9. Ufaka ezokuthutha amasayithi, kufaka phakathi ingadi nezindawo suburban.
10. Implementation of kabusha futhi ekwakheni izakhiwo, izakhiwo, ukuxhumana kanye nezinye izikhungo, izimayini, earthmoving nezinye imisebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume iziphathimandla abanekhono.

Mode yokusetshenziswa imigqa ugu

Phakathi kwalezi bands ngaphezu ukulinganiselwa ngenhla kungavunyelwe:

1. Ukulima.
2. Ukusetshenziswa umquba.
3. Isitoreji yinqwaba inhlabathi kwaluqeda.
4. Inhlangano amadlelo ehlobo nokuklaba kwemfuyo, ngaphandle ezindaweni ezisebenza we ukuthambisa bendabuko.
5. Ukufaka emakamu yezinkathi ezithile Tented, indawo engadini nasemapulazini suburban, ukugqamisa izindawo ngoba umuntu ukwakhiwa kwezindlu.
6. Movement of tractor kanye nezinye izimoto, ngaphandle imishini ekhethekile injongo.

Land ngaphakathi kwemingcele emigqeni ugu unganikezwa i-ukubekwa lezinto:

1. Nezokungcebeleka.
2. Ukuzingela nokudoba.
3. Kwamanzi.
4. izakhiwo umfutholuketshezi kanye ne-port ebukhoneni imvume yokusebenzisa imithombo, esibekela izimfuno ezikhethekile imodi ukuhambisana ukuphepha.

Ukulondoloza emapheshana ugu kanye nokuvikelwa amanzi esishintshashintshayo Kwenziwa emalungwini. Abanikazi komhlaba nezinye abanikazi, ogama iziza zitholakala kulezi zindawo kumele athobele ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Ukusungulwa esishintshashintshayo ukuphepha amanzi aluhileli Ukuhoxiswa amaphasela kubanikazi yabo efanele, ukuvimbela ku ukuthengiselana nabo, ngaphandle kwalapho kunezimo ezinikezwe ngumthetho.

County sanohrany

Sekamisiwe njengoba omunye zokuvikeleka zokuphulukisa yemvelo, ukuvuselelwa yezokwelapha ezindaweni zokungcebeleka. Iinhlokwezi zihlukaniseke ivikelwe ngokukhethekile. Bavula eziyinkimbinkimbi umbuso zokulawula. On ukwelashwa kwemithombo yemvelo ezindaweni amanga awavunyelwe ukuhlala kanye nokuqaliswa zonke izinhlobo emakhaya. umsebenzi. Ukuxolela abasebenza cwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa izindawo ngezinhloso impilo. Lokhu kumele kusetshenziswe ngendlela ehluzekile futhi imvelo nobuchwepheshe enobungane. Ukuphoqelelwa kule modi inikezwa kubasebenzisi. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlangano (zomthetho kanye ngokomzimba), wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa okwalandela kwezinsiza zokwelapha ngokuhambisana ilayisensi. On the ezindaweni zokungcebeleka akuvumelekile endaweni izakhiwo kanye izinto ezingenziwanga kuhlobane ngokuqondile ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ngokuya ihogela spa ukwelashwa futhi aziphumulele. Futhi akuvumelekile umsebenzi, abe nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo, okuholela Ukuwohloka, ukungcoliswa imithombo ekhona phansi.