Izinhlobo yemfucumfucu: incazelo, izici, ububanzi kanye nemvelaphi

A yokwakha ezivezwa kwasani imishini yokusaha izingodo ehlukile noma ukucutshungulwa ezimbonini ngokuthi uhlalwane. I wezinto ezingaphili particulate impahla, ubukeka njengetshe elincane luthuli, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu sphere eziningi izenzo zabantu. Imihlobo ehlukeneko yemfucumfucu, kuye ngokuthi izici zayo ngokomzimba futhi lobuchwepheshe, asetshenziselwa dolobha yokutakula futhi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, imigwaqo emikhulu, ojantshi, yokukhiqiza ukhonkolo, landscape ukuhlela.

Izinhlobonhlobo imfucumfucu futhi lapho uhlobo ukusetshenziswa ngamunye

Imfucumfucu libhekwa ngu imvelaphi. Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, uhlobo rock kusuka kulo yasungulwa. Abakhiqizi njalo ukunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo. Umsuka imfucumfucu ephawula izinga bawo futhi ngenxa yalokho nobukhulu bayo. The main izinhlobo yemfucumfucu ngu umsuka zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Granite. Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo isikhathi eside kakhulu yemfucumfucu. It is etholakala idwala eliqinile omunye ezivamile Emhlabeni. Granite igneous idwala siphathelene (primary) yamadwala nasemigodini ulahla kuze kwamanzi futhi eqina magma. Granite kwakhiwa kusuka ezihlukahlukene zinhlayiya :. Quartz, feldspar, mica, njll has obomvu, bomvana futhi grey coloration. izinhlobo asetshenzisiwe of amatshe ochotshoziwe for ukwakhiwa landscape ukuhlela, umgwaqo kanye ujantshi imishini, amanzi, umhlobiso.
• Amatshe. rock Nechobozekile ezivezwa sieving noma kwasani edwaleni. It has cishe amandla efanayo egwadle, kodwa engaphansi emisebeni yangemuva futhi singabizi. izinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe ngohlalwane ngoba imfucumfucu ukhonkolo, ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo, umsebenzi isisekelo nokwakhiwa komgwaqo.
• Lime. Lokhu Macadam - cleavage umkhiqizo sedimentary (zesibili) rock - limestone, ingxenye eyinhloko okuyinto calcite. Lime kanye dolomite itsatfwa eliphansi in amandla egwadle futhi amatshe. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha imigwaqo ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo.
• Slag. Lo mkhiqizo cleavage ka Metallurgical imfucuza ukukhiqizwa. Inzuzo enkulu imfucumfucu - izindleko iphansana. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa njengoba binders ngoba ukulungiswa ukhonkolo.
• imfucumfucu yesibili. Umkhiqizo kwasani isakhiwo imfucumfucu - isitini, ukhonkolo, asphalt. imfucumfucu okunjalo zonke izici imikhiqizo phansi kunabaphostoli ezenziwe ngezinto zemvelo, kodwa namanje kabanzi ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo aggregate I-ukhonkolo, wemboni komgwaqo, nokuqinisa nenhlabathi ababuthakathaka, ukudweba.

ukukhiqizwa itshe luthuli

ukukhiqizwa amatshe unezigaba eziningana:

• yezimayini edwaleni;
• zithutha (uma kunesidingo);
• izinyathelo eziningi kwasani;
• uphenya izingxenyana zaso.

The main zokukhiqiza isinyathelo amatshe - kwasani. Kusukela kulo msebenzi kuncike ukuma kanye nosayizi okusanhlamvu etholwe. Crushing wenziwa 2-4 imijikelezo ku imishini ekhethekile - crusher. Kuye indlela ukugaya ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene amatshe Crushers:

• Imihlathi - amiswa ngesikhathi esigabeni sokuqala yokuwela. Umgomo we operation - unstressed wayichoboza idwala phakathi amapuleti amabili.
• Centrifugal. Lezi Crushers kunamathuba amaningi okuthi isicelo ukukhiqizwa ochotshoziwe inhlawulo itshe kwanoma iyiphi ubulukhuni, elisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa komgwaqo.
• Isigaxa crusher - ongomunye wemishini eqolo ukwenziwa itshe olwembiza. inzuzo yabo eyinhloko - jikelele. imishini enjalo kwasani angakhiqiza amatshe iyiphi iqembu, ngisho isihlabathi yokufakelwa.
• Rotary. Kulezi imishini, ukugaya rocks eyenziwe nomthelela namandla. Breed bangiphonsa Isivinini esiphakeme impinges ngokuphindaphindiwe impingement ipuleti uchotshoziwe kuze kuze ukuwa ku ulinganiswe esidayisa izimbotshana.

In the isinyathelo sokugcina, ingakafiki imithwalo imikhiqizo kumakhasimende, imfucumfucu is yizingxenye. Ukusebenza kwenziwa imishini ngaphansi kwegama yokushayeka. Lezi imishini ingaba umile noma okwesikhashana. Ngo inqubo ukuhlolwa edwaleni luthuli sidlula eziningana sieves isixwayisi nge izimbobo of diameters ezahlukene. On ngayinye yalamafrakhishini ahlukaniswe imfucumfucu ezifakiwe.

kukhishwa nezingxenyana ezithile itshe ochotshoziwe

Ngesikhathi okukhiphayo etholwe emva ocindezelayo usayizi ahlukahlukene okusanhlamvu. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuqalisa ukuhlunga imfucumfucu, okusekelwe ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana. Ingxenyenamba - esiphezulu ukubaluleka kuvunyelwe okusanhlamvu ngabanye (itshe). Izinhlobo amatshe zegazi leyabantu eziyisisekelo kanye nesikhonzi. Key - Usayizi 5 kuya 70 mm. Ubukhulu ezihambisana amafraktjhini futhi dropout - 0 kuya 40 mm. Ukuze izicelo ezikhethekile ezenziwe izinhlobo ezikhethekile ngohlalwane amafraktjhini: 70-120 mm 120-150 mm.

rock Nechobozekile kuyinto eyinhloko impahla yemvelo itshe. I enkulu funa egwadle amatshe 5-20 mm. a impahla okunjalo lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa ngokhonkolo, asphalt nokhonkolo. egwadle Nechobozekile amafraktjhini ezinkulu (20-45, 20-65, 25-60, 40-70 mm) nazo kakhulu yafuna emakethe, esetshenziselwa ujantshi embankments, ekwakheni eqinisa lezisekelo futhi obeka izisekelo, njengoba ungqimba cushioning e izwe ngokwakha imigwaqo emikhulu .

Amatshe ochotshoziwe

Ukuze kukhiqizwe ukuphatse usebentisa enjalo lokubolekwa indawo: itshe Yemvelo chippings, amatshe amatshe ochotshoziwe, lokubolekwa, yensimbi slag. Amatshe asetshenziswa ukwakhiwa, kukhona intaba, emfuleni nasolwandle. Eminyakeni emibili, ngenxa ubuso bayo bushelelezi emihle, babe adhesion sibi kakhulu. Stone imfucumfucu ukuze kwakhiwe kuveza kwasani amadwala emvelo. Lezi zinhlobo imfucumfucu abe ngaphezulu okwe yakha engela oyingozi, ngakho kufanele ungcono amatshe, adhesion ukuze binders. amatshe Quality netshe olwembiza libhekene:

• amandla;
• isayizi shape okusanhlamvu;
• frost;
• okuqukethwe ukungcola okuyingozi.

Izakhiwo imfucumfucu

Ubunjalo bomuntu zalezi zinto basingatha okungaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho okungakulahlekela umsuka. Kuyinto kulezi izindawo yemfucumfucu ichaza ububanzi bokusebenzisa yayo. Zonke izinhlobo imfucumfucu zinezikhathi izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• amandla;
• flakiness;
• frost;
• ukumuncwa amanzi;
• uhlobo okusanhlamvu;
• radioactivity.

amatshe flakiness

Imfucumfucu zilandele izilinganiso ezithile okuqukethwe lamellar nokusanhlamvu acicular kabani ukujiya noma ububanzi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo kathathu kobude. Lesi isici esibalulekile, okuyinto kuqala kunazo zonke ukunaka lapho usebenzisa itshe ochotshoziwe ukwakhiwa kanye ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ukhonkolo. Lapho inqwaba lamellar nomumo acicular nenqwaba Imininingwane ngohlalwane ukhonkolo ingxube aphenduke izinga abampofu futhi zidinga ukubekwa uphawu ezengeziwe. Inani elikhulu nangangesihlabathi umumo enjalo kuholela ekwakhekeni voids eziningi. Ngu iphesenti lamellar futhi acicular hlamvu itshe ochotshoziwe mass selihlukene laba amaqembu:

• Mina - 15%, cuboid;
• II - 15-25%, ngcono;
• III futhi IV amaqembu flakiness abavamile - 25-35% kanye 35-50% ngokulandelana.

imfucumfucu Cubiform afanelekile kakhulu ukulungiswa ukhonkolo ngenxa ukungabi zezinkinga voids.

Amandla yemfucumfucu

Le mpahla libhekene amatshe kukhawulwe kokuqala idwala inqaba. UKUQINA yemvelo impahla itshe kunqunywa eyenziwe umthelela mechanical crushability compressive wayichoboza ku nemihuzuko isilinda sigubhu kuthreyi. Amandla eliphakeme has egwadle. Ethandwa kakhulu kuba legwadle imfucumfucu M1200 ngokuqukethwe ezithambile idwala itshe akukho kuka 5%. Isicelo Its main - ukwakhiwa izisekelo, ukukhiqizwa ephezulu amandla ukhonkolo kanye umthwalo esindayo izakhiwo.

Ukumelana Frost leyo nto

Impahla elinama ukuba sigcine ubuqotho, amandla nesisindo emva okokuqandisa okuphindaphindiwe incibilikiswa frost libizwa. Lesi sici kubalulekile ikakhulukazi amatshe asetshenziswa amalungiselelo of izisekelo ezifundeni kanye okushisa aphansi. Abonise okusezingeni eliphezulu hardiness izinto nge high density futhi porosity ongaphakeme.

Umsebenzi imfucumfucu radionuclides

Omunye izici ezibaluleke kakhulu kwanoma iyiphi impahla ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha - imfucumfucu radioactivity. Kuchaza sokufaneleka yayo zonke izinhlobo umsebenzi wokwakha, kumele kuhambisane kwezinkambiso sanitary epidemiological, eyagunyazwa nayindikimba tincumo nekubeka izitifiketi ezifanele. Ikilasi lokuqala labangu-okusezingeni eliphezulu radioactivity amatshe oluhambisana ukubaluleka esingaphansi 370 BQ / kg. Ukuze isigaba sesibili - bangaphezu kuka-370 BQ / kg.