Izinhlobo imisho lemagalagala. isiRashiya

Isiphakamiso - omunye nemiqondo eyisisekelo isiRashiya, ukuthi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlela ekutadisheni-syntax. Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi abantu baxhumane bodwa yilezi amayunithi. imisho Kunengqondo ephelele - ngesisekelo inkulumo etemlomo nalabhalwako. Izinhlobonhlobo kule yunithi syntactic ifana kakhulu dynamism akhethekile ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunikeza ukujula elandisayo yale design enemininingwane. Isabelo ukwenza umnikelo, ehlanganisa izingxenye eziningana - akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike e izivivinyo etemlomo nalabhalwako. Into esemqoka kule ndaba - ukwazi izinhlobo imisho lemagalagala nezimpawu zokuloba kuzo.

umusho lolukhuni: yencazelo nezinhlobo

Isiphakamiso - njengoba lisisakhiwo isakhi inkulumo yomuntu - enezinto eziningi izici ezithile ngalo ungabahlukanisa kusukela ibinzana noma nje iqoqo lamagama. Noma yimuphi isiphakamiso iqukethe isitatimende. Lokhu kungaba umlayezo wonke amaqiniso, umbuzo noma isisusa senzo. Ukunikeza isisekelo ngempela nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Lezi amayunithi lucebe njalo tonally ephelele.

Iziphakamiso zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: elula eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu ukushiyana kwezidalwa kusekelwe inombolo elisekela isilandiso. Ngokwesibonelo:

1. Ekuseni likhithika iqhwa. Banike elula nobuso lwetakhi telulwimi: iqhwa (isihloko) uye ayeka (isilandiso).
2. Ekuseni likhithika iqhwa, futhi wonke umhlaba sengathi esongwe ngengubo yokulala Fluffy. Kulesi sibonelo, sibona omunye umusho lolukhuni. isisekelo sokuqala lwetakhi telulwimi - iqhwa (isihloko) bawa (isilandiso); yesibili - ezweni (isihloko), embozwe (isilandiso).

Izinhlobo imisho lemagalagala iyashiyana indlela ukuhlanganisa imisho elula, afakiwe kuwo. Zingaba slozhnosochinennogo, Compound noma conjunctionless. Ake sihlole lezi zinhlobo imisho lemagalagala izibonelo.

umusho kwakwakhe

tihlanganiso Ukuhlela zisetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa izingxenye umusho kwakwakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kule ngxenye umusho bayalingana komunye kuya eminye imibuzo ebuzwa.

izibonelo

Iwashi washaya amathathu ekuseni, kodwa endlini walala. Lesi sigwebo lemagalagala zayo axhunyiwe ngesihlanganiso yekuchumanisa "kodwa" nokusebenzisa buviyoviyo. Grammar okungumsu: iwashi (isihloko) isampula (isenzo); yesibili - emakhaya (isihloko) waselala (isilandiso).

Ebusuku lwalusondela, futhi izinkanyezi base beba licace. Kukhona okungumsu ezimbili lolimi: ebusuku (isihloko) ebizwa phansi (isenzo); yesibili - Star (isihloko) iba licace (isilandiso). Ixhunyiwe imisho elula usebenzisa co-nenyunyana, kanye buviyoviyo.

Unions imishombici

Ngakho indlela ukuxhumana iziphakamiso ka izihlanganiso wokuxhumanisa asetshenziswa ngaphakathi slozhnosochinennogo zalamaqembu.I syntactic uzobe ihlukaniswe:

1. Iziphakamiso kusukela Izinyunyana yokuxhuma (futhi, yebo, yebo, futhi, njengoba (s), futhi, kanye). Ngokuvamile, lezi imifelandawonye zisetshenziselwa ngokujayelekileko ikhuluma ngezehlakalo ngesikhathi (kanyekanye noma ngokulandelana). Ngokuvamile ngalinye lala masonto izimo ezibonisa isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ifu yandile ubukhulu esibhakabhakeni, futhi emizuzwini embalwa kamuva kwaqala imvula enkulu. Ixhuma Union kanye nesimo ethuthukisiwe isikhathi (imizuzu embalwa).

2. Iziphakamiso nge adversative tihlanganiso (kanye, kodwa, kodwa, kodwa, njll). Kulezi zenzakalo ezimbili abaphikiswa komunye nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo:

Kulo nyaka asikwazanga olwandle, kodwa abazali basutha ngosizo engadini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ziphakamiso isici Union adversative kungathatha phezu nezinhlayiya.

Ngokwesibonelo: Sine isikhathi bagxumela imoto yokugcina, Andrew wahlala emsamo.

3. Iziphakamiso kusukela disjunctive (noma, noma ngakho-kanye nabanye.) Ibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka omunye imicimbi elandelayo noma izenzakalo. Ngokwesibonelo:

Kungakhathaliseki Chatters amane, noma izintethe ubukeka emangele.

Izimpawu zokubhala e imishombici

Ngokuvamile e lolimi umusho kwakwakhe elandelayo: ukhefana phakathi imisho elula. Ngokwesibonelo:

Barely ukugcina amahlamvu ezihlahla, futhi ipheshulwa umoya zibayise, ngokubeka ukhaphethi. izisekelo nohlelo lolimi olunembile njengenkulumo umusho lolukhuni ezifana: amaqabunga (kuncike) ukugcina (isenzo); amaza (isihloko) sife (isilandiso).

Kulesi umthetho kukhona caveat: lapho izingxenye ezimbili abiwa ilungu (anezele noma ngenxa yezimo) - ukhefana ayidingeki. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ehlobo abantu badinga ukuba abashukumise futhi akudingeki blues. Yezimo ngesikhathi sisebenza ingxenye yokuqala nsuku lolimi isidingo (isilandiso) ukunyakaza (isihloko), kanti eyesibili, ngesisekelo okuyinto - blues (isihloko) Akudingekile (isilandiso).

Umhlaba zimbozwe iqhwa elimhlophe lelineni frost ezomile. Lapha, zombili abe ngaphezu ezivamile - umhlaba. Grammar okungumsu yilezi: okokuqala - iqhwa (isihloko) wasibekela (sento); yesibili - abandayo (isihloko) ukuze ome (isilandiso).

Njengoba kuyinto yinkimbinkimbi umehluko kusuka kulokulula kwakwakhe sentences with isilandiso eyohlobo. Ukuhlola ukuthi yimaphi ama kwakwakhe imisho, ukwaba isisekelo yekwenta okwanele (noma elisekela). Ake sicabangele izibonelo ezimbili:

1. Kwakuba usuku ebusika libalele, futhi kwezinye izindawo ehlathini kungabonwa ebomvu mountain ash amajikijolo. Lokhu slozhnosochinennoe isiphakamiso. Sihlola lokhu: zembula okungumsu ezimbili lolimi: ngosuku (isihloko) kwaba (isilandiso), owesibili - kungabonwa (isilandiso) amajikijolo (isihloko).
2. Red Rowan amajikijolo endle kungabonwa ezibenyezelayo elangeni amaqoqo elikhanyayo. Lesi siphakamiso ilula, it is nje nzima isilandiso eyohlobo. Hlaziya isisekelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Isihloko - amajikijolo, isilandiso eyohlobo - kungabonwa, akhanyayo; ukhefana liyadingeka.

umusho lolukhuni: definition kanye nesakhiwo

Omunye umusho lolukhuni nge uxhumano union - Compound. iziphakamiso ezinjalo akhiwe izingxenye ukungalingani: master umusho elula enamathiselwe nalokho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu paranasal. Impendulo Last imibuzo kusukela amalungu zamabanga aphansi naphezulu iziphakamiso main ukubunjwa zabo subordinative. Ingxenye exhunyiwe phakathi nge Izinyunyana subordinative. imitjhwana ikhipha zingenzeka ekuqaleni, maphakathi noma ekupheleni main. Ake sicabangele izibonelo:

Thina ukuhamba, lapho ukuya ayeke imvula ekhukhulayo. Lokhu Compound isiphakamiso. The main ingxenye isisekelo lwetakhi telulwimi: thina (isihloko) ukuhamba (isenzo); isisekelo lolimi umushwana okhonzile - imvula (isihloko) uzoma ukuya. umshwana Kufika emva main.

Ngakho ungakwazi lukhulu, kudingeka ufunde nezincwadi eziningi. Lokhu umusho lolukhuni yakhiwa izingxenye eziyinhloko futhi isesekeli. Ngesisekelo main - ukuba ufunde (isenzo); isisekelo okhonzile - wena (isihloko) wayengakhuluma (isenzo). Kulesi umusho lolukhuni paranasal ingxenye ebhekene nesimo esikhulu.

Sajabula lapho samemezela imiphumela ukuhlolwa, futhi kwaphela nasozwaneni uvivinyo esasizofika ngokushesha. Kulesi sibonelo, umshwana "iphula" into eyinhloko. Grammar okungumsu: thina (isihloko) bamangaliswa, ukwethuka (isilandiso) - in the main ingxenye; yamemezela (isilandiso) - ku okhonzile ingxenye.

Subordinating tihlanganiso: indlela yokwahlukanisa?

Hhayi njalo ukuxhuma imisho elula sakhiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziswa Izinyunyana, ngezinye izikhathi enza indima okubizwa ngokuthi amazwi ahlangene - bona tabito homonymous. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi izinyunyana zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuxhuma izingxenye isiphakamiso nomunye, awayona umusho.

Enye into - inkulumo Union.

indima yabo iqhutshwa tabito isihlobo, ngokulandelana, ezifana amayunithi lucebe kuyoba umusho.

Nazi izimpawu eyenza umuntu kungaba ukuhlukanisa izihlanganiso subordinating yamagama azihlanganisa:

1. Ngokuvamile, le nyunyana emshweni engashiywa ngaphandle kokulahleka incazelo. Umama uthe sekuyisikhathi ukuya ubuthongo. Guqula, isiphakamiso phansi Union: umama wathi "Sekuyisikhathi ngiyolala."
2. Union kungalungiswa njalo kuphenduke ngenye sobunye. Ngokwesibonelo: Lapho (uma) eningi ekufundeni - imemori iba ngcono. izwi zezinzwa kungenziwa kuphela kuphenduke ngenye izwi ahlangene, noma igama lesi sigaba somthetho main, okuyinto thina ukubuza umbuzo kumuntu ongaphansi. Asikhumbule Eminyakeni (ukuthi) esasisichitha eNaples. Inyunyana lwamagama ungayithola enye phakathi kwalokho lesi sigaba somthetho main (ukukhumbula iminyaka: leyo minyaka esasisichitha Naples).

umushwana okhonzile

Izigatshana kungase ezizofakwa master ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuya ngokuthi yini ingxenye iziphakamiso main, ebachazela. Abakwazi ubheke igama elilodwa noma ibinzana sonke umshwana oyinhloko.

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini uhlobo uxhumano uma - udinga ukubuza umbuzo futhi sihlaziye, kusukela ezinye iziphakamiso main zinikelwe.

Izinhlobo eziningana abahlukene kwemishwana ekhonzile okhonzile: umahluko phakathi kwabo kuncike ukubaluleka kanye umbuzo esiyicelayo kusukela ingxenye eyinhloko kuya ezincane. Podlezhaschnye, skazuemnye, attributive, tandziso noma ngaphezulu - lekhontile abanjalo bangabaphostoli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho isigatshana lexically angase abe namanani amaningi (mhlawumbe multi-zenani). Ngokwesibonelo: Kuyamangalisa uma ungakwazi nje ukuhamba ngomgwaqo, cishe noma yini ngaphandle kokucabanga. Inani okhonzile - futhi isimo kanye nesikhathi.

imisho lemagalagala nge lekhontile amaningi

Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo imisho lemagalagala nge uxhumano okhonzile nemishwana lekhontile eziningana: iyunifomu, non-iyunifomu nokuzithoba kuyavumelana. Ukwehlukanisa lokhu kuncike kanjani umbuzo wabuza.

• Ukuze uthole kwakuwukuthi iyunifomu lekhontile konke ngezwi elifanayo kusukela master. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngithanda ukutshela nokunqoba ukuthi okuhle phezu okubi, ukuthi kukhona izikhulu namakhosazana, magic busizungezile. Zonke lekhontile ezintathu ukuchaza igama elilodwa kusukela master - ukutshela.
• Inhomogeneous (parallel) kuhanjiswa senzeka uma phendula adventitious zemibuzo ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo: Lapho siya amatende, abangane kuzosiza nomunye, nakuba kwabona ngeke kube lula. Kukhona imitjhwana emibili okhonzile ukuphendula yombuzo othi nini? (Kuqala), futhi naphezu lokho? (Okwesibili).
• kuhanjiswa Ngokuvumelana. Umbuzo iziphakamiso ezinjalo inikezwa iketanga, kusukela umusho eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngokwesibonelo: kuphela ebona ubuhle umphefumulo, ongenayo ukubheka ukubonakala, uyazi ukuthi intengo amazwi nezenzo kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuze ujoyine main umushwana okhonzile: kuqala kubuzwa lo mbuzo ngubani? , Yesibili - lokho?

Iphumuti e imisho lemagalagala

Ingxenye umusho eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlukaniswe ngekhefana. It ibekwe phambi Union. Polynomial imisho lemagalagala nge uxhumano okhonzile asikwazi ukuba ukhefana. Lokhu kwenzeka uma edla lekhontile eyohlobo bajoyine nezinyunyana kanye non-esiqhubekayo, noma. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ngathi ukuthi Usuku oluhle futhi ilanga lase eside kusukela emva kokuvuka kwakhe. Lapha iyunifomu lekhontile izisekelo usuku (isihloko) amahle (isilandiso), ilanga (isihloko), sesinyukele (isilandiso). Phakathi kwabo, comma liyadingeka.

sipho conjunctionless

Ngo isiRashiya kukhona iziphakamiso ezinjalo, lapho ukuhlobana izingxenye senzeka nje kuphela ngezinto buviyoviyo ubudlelwano semantic. imisho enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi ama conjunctionless. A semvula, le imithi ewile amahlamvu esidlule. Kulesi conjunctionless umusho lolukhuni izingxenye ezimbili izisekelo lolimi: ekuqaleni - imvula (isihloko) kwaba (isenzo); lesibili - fallen (isenzo) amahlamvu (isihloko).

Ngaphandle buviyoviyo bayosibona uxhumano phakathi izingxenye oda yabo, basusa izici vidovremennyh isenzo isilandiso kanye ukuthambekela kwabo. Kukhona imitjhwana emibili okhonzile ukuphendula yombuzo othi nini? (Kuqala), futhi naphezu lokho? (Okwesibili).

Izinhlobo conjunctionless iziphakamiso

amadili Asyndetic kukhona ezinhlobo ezimbili: Ukwakheka eyohlobo futhi inhomogeneous.

Okokuqala - labo lapho umenzi ngokuvamile nesimo esifanayo; value abo - ukuqhathanisa, ukuphikiswa noma ukulandelana yezenzo. Ngokusho isakhiwo ziyafana slozhnosochinennye umane sigodle conjunctionless inyunyana eyohlobo. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ekuqaleni autumn, isibhakabhaka laligcwele amafu leaden. Ake uqhathanise: Ekuqaleni autumn, futhi isibhakabhaka laligcwele amafu leaden.

Asyndetic ngezithako heterogeneous bathambekele kakhudlwana kuya Compound. Ngokuvamile, le misho polynomial eziyinkimbinkimbi babe ingxenye eyodwa lapho Mayelana nencazelo eyisisekelo yegama izitatimende afakiwe. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ngiyakuthanda ebusika: igqoka amahle bemvelo, amaholide imilingo, sekuyisikhathi uthole eqhweni futhi skates. Uma kukhona asyndetic zokuxhumana kanye ukulingana izingxenye Mayelana nencazelo eyisisekelo yegama namanje oluqukethwe kuqala futhi uyalilandela evulekile.

Iphumuti ku conjunctionless umusho

isixhumanisi Conjunctionless kusikisela ukuthi izimpawu ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi lolu hlobo ngeke anikele kokuhlukana. Okuzobe kudlalelwa ukhefana, ikholoni, isemikholoni noma dash kuzoncika umqondo. Ngokucaca, sikunikeza itafula:

isigamfulo	umthwalo semantic	test ndlela	izibonelo
ukhefana	Khombisa izenzo ezenzekayo kanyekanye noma ngokulandelana	ngokwencazelo yaleli	Ugogo itafula, umama silungiselela ukudla kwakusihlwa, futhi ubaba nezingane tidies efulethini.
dash	bheka umahluko phakathi	tihlanganiso Adversative (futhi, kodwa)	Nginibekezelele kuze kube - ungu- thukuthele.
	Emshweni wokuqala wabonisa isimo noma umkhawulo wesikhathi	Izinyunyana ngasikhathi sini noma	Ngeke ufunde okuningi - kuyoba imibono fresh.
	Isiphakamiso yesibili yakhiwa phetho ngowokuqala	Union ngakho	Ngathi uma ngivula - umoya omusha elaligcwele indlu.
ikholoni	Isigwebo yesibili inikeza isizathu	Union ngoba	Ngithanda zasebusuku emhlophe: ungahamba uze uphonsa.
	Eyesibili isiphakamiso - nencazelo lokuqala	okungukuthi Union	Zonke ebesezilungele umzali ngosuku: izingane ukufunda inkondlo, abeluleki wenzé imibiko, izisebenzi labetibambile yokuhlanza jikelele.
	Eyesibili isiphakamiso - ukwengeza lokuqala	ukuthi Union	Ngiqinisekile: awusoze uzongikhaphela.

Lapho omunye izingxenye kube nzima noma iyiphi imiklamo - sisebenzisa isemikholoni. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ingoma, Marat Shagal ngokusebenzisa amaxhaphozi; eduze izingane zabaleka, kwenjabulo futhi bejabule. Lapha, ingxenye yokuqala eziyinkimbinkimbi simo esihlukile, kanti eyesibili - ahlukene definition.

Yenza umusho zokuxhumana asyndetic ilula: into esemqoka - ukugxila okuqondiwe.

Compound imisho nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana kanye netiphumuti kuzo

Ngokuvamile izinhlobo imisho lemagalagala basuke bagxila a-syntax okungukuthi isixhumanisi samanje kanye Allied futhi conjunctionless phakathi izingxenye ezahlukene. Lesi sakhiwo inikeza ezihlukahlukene uxhumano izinhlobo. Ake sicabangele izibonelo ezimbalwa.

Kwathi isesendleleni elele, kodwa kube khona isiphithiphithi emhlabeni yasendlini: bona saqonda ngqo ekamelweni ekamelweni, ukukhuluma, inhlamba. Ingxenye yokuqala - uxhumano ongaphansi, kwesibili - coordinative yesithathu - conjunctionless.

Ngiyazi iqiniso elula: uyeka lokulwa, lapho umuntu ezwa ukuthi kuyintando ulalele futhi baqonde. Ukusondelana le lokuqala nelesibili izingxenye conjunctionless, njll - subordinative.

Ngokuvamile, lezo ziphakamiso kukhona amabhlogo amabili ezixhunywe wokuxhumanisa izihlanganiso noma conjunctionless. Ngaphakathi ebhokisini ngalinye ingaqukatha imisho ezilula ezimbalwa ne kwakuwukuthi noma isibopho coordinative.