Isicelo kanye thermite ingxube Ukwakheka

Izinsiza izinqubo zobuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa kanye ngokuvamile ezihilela ukusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali. Lezi zihlanganisa ingxube thermite, futhi iyiphi sebuningini ukwakhiwa. Ngenxa yalokho kokusebenzisa ezifana izingoma umsebenzisi uthola noma ukwanda kwemithwalo imiphumela ezishisayo (e Welding), noma umphumela indlela detonation (kumasistimu pyrotechnic incendiary). Zokuthola thermite ingxube ikakhulu emelelwa izakhi zensimbi, kodwa kunezinye yizici zamakhemikhali. Ukwakheka ngqo ingxube kunqunywa nemibandela yokusetshenziswa nokuthi umphumela ukutholwa. Kunoma yikuphi, ukukhiqizwa umuhlwa ikhiqizwa hhayi uchwepheshe ekhaya.

Ingemuva kanye nokusungulwa

umuhlwa Chemical Uyi monopropellant iqembu ngezabelo iyunifomu equkethe izingxenye ezivuthayo futhi oxidant. Imininingwane le ngxube inquma ikhono layo ukuze kuvuswe ngisho ngaphandle ukufinyelela air. Izimfanelo nezakhiwo ingxube thermite ovunyelwe ukubeka uhambisane Bickford fuse kanye powder. izingoma Homogenous kungenzeka ekhiqizwa ifomu gaseous. Ngenxa yale njongo, inhlanganisela ezifanele igesi futhi emoyeni. Izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa izidingo ephakeme ngenxa nokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa, ngoba basengozini enkulu ukuqhuma.

isicelo

Kuye osithandayo yi nokusetshenziswa kwezimiso umuhlwa anganikeza imisebenzi efana umthelela ezishisayo futhi ubungozi pyrotechnic. izingoma pyrotechnic ingasetshenziswa njengoba ukukhanyisa izindlela futhi womshini izibani isignali. Kodwa isiqondiso eyinhloko ukusetshenziswa esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile umuhlwa - is Welding. Imiphumela okuholela ukushisa compounds kuhluke amandla nokuqina kwayo.

Isimiso yokusebenza ingxube thermite ngesikhathi kumiswa yaseZimbabwe kuyinto Ukwakheka encibilikisiwe izingxenye zensimbi, futhi esihlinzeka kwakwakhe eziqinile anti-ezonakalisayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi uhlelo privarochnaya adingekayo Welding ezishisayo ku amapayipi, inikeza hhayi kuphela termosmes yethusi kodwa ukuma Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist nge ukuthungela.

ukwakheka yendabuko

Ekubonakalisweni zakudala somuhlwa chemical - inhlanganisela fake ihlukaniswe izithako zensimbi oxide ne-aluminium. ukwakhiwa ezinjalo kakhulu ezifunwayo imisebenzi yokwakha (ngokuvamisile Welding) kanye nezimboni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxube kusebenze by Ukuqala ephelezelwa imfiva kanye asebenzayo ukushisa ukukhululwa. Nakuba yensimbi thermite ingxube saziwa kakhulu njengoba ferrumnaya, aluminium kunendima eyinhloko esenzweni yayo. Ikakhulukazi, aluminothermy inqubo inquma kahle ukusabela ngazo Welding kungenzeka steelwork.

ukwakheka pyrotechnic

Ngesisekelo ukwakhiwa okunjalo futhi uphethiloli kanye oxidant, kodwa ifomu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze izingxenye esetshenziswa zihlanganisa potassium chlorate (ngobuningi sokuqanjwa), Sesithombe carbonate (cishe ikota yebahlali) nesibabule colorant ilangabi. Oxidant umsebenzi wenza potassium chlorate, nesibabule uba isici nophethiloli. Ngo inqubo amandla omlilo of the pyrotechnic ingxube thermite futhi ngenkuthalo uphehla ukushisa, futhi kwandisa lokushisa: intuthu izingoma ukunikeza amakhulu degrees, futhi izibani ukufinyelela 3000 ° C. Ngokuvamile, ingxube yi-pyrotechnical asetshenziselwa imiphumela ezishisayo, amandla omlilo kwalo okukhulu kuhambisana kumiswa ilangabi.

ingxube zethusi

Zingomiswa, okuyinto ekhona oxide Ukwakheka ithusi, ngokuvamile ngenjongo ekhiqizwa ngoba imisebenzi yesondlo phezu Welding amapayipi ensimbi. umthwalo High emalungeni kwakhiwa zazakhiwe ngendlela eyayenza kudingeke ukwandisa umthamo energy ezishisayo ikhishwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ithusi ingxube thermite yakhiwa ferrosilicon esikhundleni ferromanganese, esesikhundleni akunjalo okusezingeni eliphezulu iphuzu ukuncibilika. Ngesimo siphelile of the ukwakheka ezifana ingxube yakhiwa:

• ithusi oxide - 70%;
• ithusi powder - 12%;
• aluminium - 10%;
• ferrosilicon (noma ferro) - 8%.

Lokhu inhlanganisela yezinto ngcono izinga kanye nokwethembeka umsebenzi Welding nekwandzisa umtsamo esabelwe energy ezishisayo ku inqubo ncibilika.

ipensela thermite

Ngu lokushisa ekhombisa nemakhilayoni Ukwakheka ingaphinda iyiphi ingxube iresiphi, kodwa sici yayo eyinhloko ukuma cylindrical, lapho ukugcwaliswa iyasebenza: intambo amandla omlilo futhi izingxenye oluvuthayo. Yena ibekwe esime Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist, eyenziwe ukushisa ukumelana graphite. Intambo uphela uboniswa ukuvulwa olukhethekile ikhava, ukuxhumanisa ingxenye thermite ingxube uMbhalo bese ukuthungela kusho ngesimo okufanayo.

Inqubo omlilo of oluvuthayo Welding isici ukusebenza ezishisayo kuzokwenzeka ingxube ocindezelwe ipensela. Ngakho termosmesi burnup phambili yokuthi ukuthi evuthayo metal tube ne ngokugcwalisa oplavitsya ebusweni futhi yakha obuqinile. Izinzuzo zihlanganisa lokushisa ekhombisa nemakhilayoni amaphuzu amabili. Okokuqala, asikho isidingo ukulungiselela ekhethekile kuphi olufana. Okwesibili, obumba ingxube ngokwayo olinganise siphelile inikeza adambise isitoreji yayo nezinto zokuhamba.

izandla iziduli siqu

ekhaya for yokukhiqiza ukwakhiwa elula thermite zidinga izithako ezimbili - steel slag kanye metal aluminium. Kufanele uthathe e pyrophoric ifomu (inkungu) - kule wombuso ketshezi liyafana uthuli olucolekile nje. Kuye ngokuthi, kulokho kufana amukelwe thermite ngezandla zabo, futhi bapheka ekhethekile - esibuthakathaka eyenziwe aluminium ingasetshenziswa emva yonke imisebenzi ukulungiselela noma steel.

Uma kuqhathaniswa isisindo ngezabelo izithako zimi kanje: 4 izingxenye aluminium esikalini amafraktjhini 3rd. I izingxenye ngokuphelele exubile. Okulandelayo kuzoba akulimazi ngokungeza nenye magnesium (Irherho permanganic acid), bazocula umsebenzi kulethe. It banganezela inani hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-20% we isisindo ingqikithi metal compounds. Le mfundiso eyasungulwa ethi is wabe esegqugquzela futhi.

Njengoba ubona, impendulo yombuzo zendlela yokwenza thermite, ulula. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka i-indlela elisebenza ngayo. Ukwakheka yokugcina zingafakwa esitsheni. Ingxube kuyinto ngokuphelele therein icwecwe kuyinto ohlangene futhi ivaliwe ukuze ingafaki umswakama. Ngemva lokhu kufanele kwenziwe imbobo oblong ngoba magnesium itheyiphu okungena isitsha ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Ukucupha Ukwakheka yanele ukuze kuvuswe tape umdlalo.

Recipe somuhlwa waphonsa

Lena ngenye yama-elula kunazo ekulungiseleleni izingoma. Kungaba ekhiqizwa futhi benziwa isiphi isitsha. Ukuze ingxube umehluko waphonsa uyalandisa Kwabiwa ubuncane, kodwa kunalokho okukhiphayo uhlala slag eside ukumelana umswakama. Sakaza thermite izandla zabo senziwa zingxenye ezilandelayo: yensimbi oxide (ingxenyenamba 3), Gypsum (izingxenye 2), i-aluminiyamu powder ngengxube izinsimbi indawo futhi emihle. Zonke izingxenye axutshwa, bese amanzi sengezwe ukuthambisa usimende. Ungqimba kwaphumela is olubunjiwe, futhi kuleli fomu kubalulekile ukushiya isigamu sehora. Ingxube kwaphinde ogcwele amanzi futhi egcinwe iphele ngeviki. Lapho kudlula isikhathi eside, okungcono ilanga waphinda wome, bese bayamba umgodi ukuze isebenze kwenkokhelo.