Ngiziphi iinarha ze ukukhuluma isiJalimane kuka Germany?

German yilona ulimi lomdabu abantu abayizigidi ezingu-100 emhlabeni wonke ka. Ubude German ukhuluma ngani kwezigidi ezingu-120. Isichazamazwi wokuqala German sidalwe Johann Kristofom Adelungom ngo-1781. Futhi 1852, abafowethu Jakob futhi Wilhelm Grimm waqala nokuhlanganisa isichazamazwi esisha. Umsebenzi ku yaqedwa kuphela ngo-1961. Manje njalo olusha kanye amagama amasha. lolimi German is benganhlanhlathi phakathi nekhulu le-19.

Lapho bekhuluma isiJalimane, futhi kungani?

Labo banesithakazelo kulokho emazweni besho isiJalimane, cishe ababengazi lutho ngezindiza nokudlanga yayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. German sesibili emva ngesiNgisi. Ukusabalala German akuyona nje izici zamasiko, kodwa futhi nebhizinisi isidingo.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kudingeka umsebenzi wokuziphilisa omuhle kwanele kuphela English amakhono olimi. Kodwa akunjalo. Okokuqala, i-German kuyinto ulimi olusemthethweni European Union. Ngiziphi iinarha ze ukukhuluma isiJalimane, futhi lapho kuyinto olusemthethweni? Ngemva eJalimane Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium. Okwesibili, amaqembu amaningi kanye nezinkampani eJalimane ngisho Europe kudinga ulwazi ngolimi lwesiJalimane.

Kungani-German siwulimi olusemthethweni e-Austria?

Wonke umuntu ufuna impendulo yombuzo othi, "Yimaphi amazwe ukukhuluma isiJalimane?", Kumelwe ukuba uzwile Austria. Lapha-German olukhulunywa, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa esidlule zomlando leli lakithi. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, Austria wawuyingxenye imibuso nemibuso, esikhuluma ngezinyoni German.

Izakhamuzi kulelizwe zisebenzisa ulimi lwesigodi ekhethekile - Bavarian. Igama elithi "Austria" kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kuphela ekhulwini le-18. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, Austria siyingxenye ye eBavaria. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phakathi nomlando wayo futhi Austria bekuyingxenye izinhlangano ezifana Ongcwele WaseRoma, Austria-Hungary noMbuso Wesithathu.

Futhi kungakhathaliseki ungakwazi ukuqonda nomunye a-German nomfokazi e-Austria?

A lwesigodi of ulimi German e-Austria kuhlukile kusukela ulimi standard tetemibhalo ukuthi ngisho German kanye Austrian Ngeke uhlale uqonde nomunye. Yingakho umbuzo "Yimaphi amazwe ukukhuluma isiJalimane kunezwe laseJalimane" akulona ngempela kuyiqiniso. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uma Austria kungaba ngokwendawo kude eJalimane, lwesigodi Austrian German yayiyoba ulimi ehlukile isikhathi. Futhi lolu limi olusha wedwa ngeke zikwazi ukuhlukanisa kusuka inguqulo yasekuqaleni.

Ngiziphi iinarha ze ukukhuluma isiJalimane ngaphandle Austria? Enye State lapho German bangamukela njengomuntu olusemthethweni, kuyinto Switzerland. Nokho, kuyinto elula kangaka cha. Swiss German ukusetshenziswa esemthethweni kuphela ngokubhala. ingxoxo Okuvamile njengoba they are lwesigodi wendawo. Ngisho esikhundleni izwi Danke, okusho "Ngiyabonga", bafika elingaphandle kusukela French ngiyabonga. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eqinisweni manje Switzerland iyona IsiZulu ethandwa kakhulu. Ngisho graffiti uthanda ukubhala ngesiNgisi lapha. Izakhamuzi shayela emzini wabo Zurich Little edolobheni elikhulu - «idolobha elincane enkulu".

Yiziphi izilimi empeleni akhulunywa Belgium

German, belingana ne lase futhi isiFulentshi, ulimi olusemthethweni Belgium. Ezemfundo lapho ungathola bakhona kubo. Nokho, de empeleni waba izakhamuzi zaleli zwe ukukhuluma kuphela lase nesiFulentshi. Iningi labantu Belgian kuyinto lase - zivela Flanders. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwe elinabantu Walloons - abamele abantu abakhuluma isiFulentshi isizwe. Eduze emngceleni osempumalanga Switzerland uhlala esincane sabantu, okuyinto ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ukuxhumana ngesiJalimane.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-umsebenzi ngempumelelo imuphi umhlali Belgium kumele kube ngamakhala kokubili lase nesiFulentshi. Okhuluma isi-French labantu futhi sekuyisikhathi eside lwaziwa ngoba enyanya aso ulimi lase. Kungani ukuba bafunde ulimi, ngithi baseBelgium lithanda elikhuluma isiFulentshi, okuyinto ukukhuluma 6 million kuphela? Nakuba uma sinezela lesi sibalo sabantu yeNetherlands, uthola umfanekiso elengeziwe - abantu abayizigidi ezingu-22.

zezigodi German eJalimane

Eqinisweni, umbuzo othi "Yini amazwe ukukhuluma olusemthethweni German?" Ngomqondo othile, liyokhala akunembile. Iqiniso lokuthi lizinga okufushane kwezincwadi ngolimi isiJalimane anibona abantu abaningi emazweni akhuluma isiJalimane. Ngisho eJalimane, uthi ku-ezihlukahlukene omkhulu ezilimi eziyimixhantela German. Lokhu - Berlin, Kölsch ( «Kölsch" Cologne lwesigodi), Berlin zezigodi Bavarian, nabanye abaningi. Le nguqulo tetemibhalo, okuyinto ukusakaza izindaba kuthelevishini wabe usuzibuza wephephandaba obhaliwe, ngokuthi Hoch Deutsch ( «Hoch Deutsch").

Literary German. ngabe samukelwe yonke indawo?

Manje, cishe njalo iziqu okuhlukahlukene ingadlulisela, lapho amazwe ukukhuluma isiJalimane. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kulezi zifunda empeleni German ngomqondo ngendlela yakudala. Standard German asisebenzi amazwe ezinjenge-Austria, Switzerland kanye Luxembourg. Kusolwa ukuthi German Austrian kufana kakhulu German olukhulunywa e-Germany.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, Switzerland kanye Luxembourg izindaba show kungabonwa ku etemibhalo ulimi imibhalo engezansi Hoch Deutsch. Iningi izinhlelo ukuzijabulisa neziteshi zomsakazo kukhona wendawo German. Lapho esendleleni eya eJalimane kufanele sikhumbule mithetho elandelayo: azikhulumi isiJalimane, ekhuluma e lwesigodi, ummeleli we esifundeni ngamunye ubheka version yayo German kwesokudla kuphela.

lwesigodi German kanye izici of yokucabanga Swiss

Kulaba Swiss German, kodwa kwakukhona ezinye imiqondo emisha ukuthi babé owamukelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi igama elithi "wokudla". Futhi "Rasht" noma "rösti" - igama wendabuko Swiss amazambane pancake. Kuthiwa Okhahlamba uhlamvu kazwelonke - ingxube ongavamile umoya ongumlimi futhi umnikazi mafutha.

Ngokwesibonelo, Okhahlamba Ngokuvamile bathi, "omnyama njengoba inkomo." Kungenzeka, le nkulumo wazalelwa endaweni ethile ekujuleni nabalimi abancane, amadlelo alpine. Futhi ezinye saga eyaziwa beza Sweden kusukela German: Die Morgenstunde isigqoko Igolide im Munde. Ngokwezwi nezwi, ilihumusha ngokuthi "ihora ukusa igolide emlonyeni" - lokhu kungaba analog of Russian "Ngubani uvuka kusesekuseni, uNkulunkulu akunikezayo."

Nokho, ngaphandle ukudideka nge imixhantela isiJalimane, Okhahlamba kusadingeka okuthile smash ikhanda lakhe. Phela, kuphela kuleli zwe kukhona ngokusemthethweni izilimi ezine - ngaphezu isiJalimane, it romani, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi. Ngakho-ke, ku-isembozo ubisi Swiss neze eshiya indawo isithombe inkomo - lonke iphakethe wabo uphosa ukwakheka kanye nemithetho wesitoreji ngazo zonke izilimi ezine.

Kukuphi lapho zifunde isiJalimane

Ngaphezu isithakazelo, lapho amazwe ukukhuluma isiJalimane, uhlu kungenziwa agcwaliswa yilabo emazweni lapho German sifundwa njengengxenye yezifundo zezikole. Hoch Deutsch wafundisa njengoba olunye ulimi emazweni Nordic, eNetherlands, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, ngisho eJapane. Futhi ngokuvamile German okufundiswa ezikoleni zamabanga Belarus.