Ulimi-Mongolian: izici, izici, amazwi

What esihlanganisa Afghanistan, China, Mongolia neRussia? Ulimi. Ulimi-Mongolian isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela isimo esifanayo. uhla wakhe kanye nezici, sizobe ukukhuluma esihlokweni.

umndeni izilimi

Igama elithi "Mongol" kuhlangene izilimi eziningi ukuthi siwuhlobo efanayo. Basuke uhlobene eduze nani, ngoba leso sikhathi yomkhakha owodwa. Izazi zolimi baphikisa ngokuthi izilimi-Mongolian waphula emuva BC V leminyaka.

Abanye abacwaningi baye bacabanga ukuthi ukhona yama-Altaic umndeni, eyayihlanganisa izilimi-Mongolian nge Turkic, Tungus-manchzhurskimi, isiKorea. Kubaphikisi babo bakholelwa ukuthi ukufana zalezi zilimi, ngenxa ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi abantu hhayi umsuka ezivamile.

Kunoma ikuphi, endaweni ukusatshalaliswa-Mongolian umndeni ulimi ubanzi kakhulu. Ihlanganisa indawo eMongolia, Afghanistan, China neRussia, iVolga esifundeni izifundazwe esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga. Kuze 1940, ulimi-Mongolian wakhonza njengephayona ebhaliwe Tuvinians - yomdabu zaseTuva.

Ngezansi uhlu emfushane izilimi kuleli qembu:

Ulimi-Mongolian

-Mongolian Mongolia siwulimi olusemthethweni isimo. Igama elithi lingasetshenziswa ngomqondo obanzi. Lingase libhekisele ulimi Autonomous Region of China - Inner Mongolia, futhi ahambisana zanamuhla futhi lasendulo iqembu limi.

Inani labantu abakhuluma ke, abantu 5.8 million. Lihlanganisa amagatsha entshonalanga, nempumalanga ezilimi eziyimixhantela, okuyinto kuhluke kakhulu mkhombe. Okuvame kakhulu iyona Khalkha lwesigodi, uba yingxenye yalelo qembu emaphakathi. Wakha ulimi etemibhalo esemthethweni Mongolia, ngenxa walokho ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi i--Mongolian Khalkha ulimi Mongolian. Ngo-Inner Mongolia, akukho zezigodi ezinkulu, ngakho izakhamuzi kule ndawo Ungasebenzisi ukubhala bendabuko.

Ukwahlukanisa esekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela Altai:

Yesikhathi eside co-khona inyunyana amaMongol Turkic sabonakala ulimi. Ngenxa ukufana kwabo, abantu abathile bekholelwa ukuthi i-Mongolian - Turkic. Kodwa eqinisweni bahlukile, okungenani ku-Mongolian futhi kukhona ukubolekisa eziningi Turkic.

Izici lolimi

Lulwimi agglutinative. Okungukuthi, ezahlukene inkulumo formants (tijobelelo kanye neticalo) "Strung" omunye phezu komunye, kanjalo ekushintsheni ukuthini inkulumo ethi. Nokho, lo mkhaya khona izakhi ngazinye Ukuphakama kwephimbo (ekushintsheni eziyimpumelelo zamagama).

Empeleni ulimi-Mongolian lihlukile namanye amalungu egatsheni kuleyo awunazo kuyizinhlayiyana siqu-yekwenta. Kungenjalo, ayefana ngokwanele. Ukuze leli qembu, libhekene ukusetshenziswa conjugations engenabuntu, kanye izabizwana zoqobo nabantu futhi engenabuntu kuthiwa esashiwo tijobelelo.

I-oda izwi akuvunyelwe elinqunyiwe, ngokungafani Russian. Lapha igama engaphansi ibekwe phambi main. Nasi rearranging amagama ezinye izindawo, ungathola umbono ohluke ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni zikhona izimo isikhathi nendawo, kanye isenzo ibekwe kakhulu ekugcineni.

indaba

Kusolwa ukuthi kuze kube ngekhulu XII kwakukhona olulodwa pan-amaMongol. Cishe kusukela XIII ukuba XVII leminyaka, kukhona ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo etemibhalo ubudala ebhaliwe-Mongolian. It ihlukaniswe yaba nezikhathi eziningana: lasendulo (kusuka XIII), pre-classic (nge xv) kanye zakudala (XVII-XX). Ngesikhathi esifanayo naye ngekhulu XIII, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokubhala ezihlukahlukene eziyishumi. Le nguqulo yakudala lisasebenza eChina, kanti bonke abanye kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza nezinye izilimi.

ulimi Old ebhaliwe-Mongolian kancane kancane kunciphisa uhla yayo, tapering ukuba ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi Mongolia nasesifundazweni Chinese. Athintekayo is dalo yokufakelwa sencwadi ahlanzekile, okwakubekelwa bazivumelanisa Oirat lwesigodi. Ngenkathi Buryats kwakhiwa siqu ngokubhala uhlelo zabo esekelwe ulimi yendabuko.

-Mongolian isikhathi eside ibe izikripthi ambalwa. Ekhulwini XX, ngomzamo bahlanganise kubo, ngokubhala lizotholakala ngesiLatin. Kodwa ngo-1945 waqala ukubhala izinhlamvu zamagama zesiCyrillic.

ulimi-Mongolian: amazwi

Manje Mongolia esetshenziswa Cyrillic, zamagama has 35 izinhlamvu.

Makube nomboniso entry-Mongolian kunzima ngempela, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba sibonise amanye amagama. Izibonelo esohlwini elandelayo.