Johann Bach usebenza uhlu

Johann Sebastian Bach - eyaziwa umqambi isiJalimane, omunye abameleli bhá kwenkathi umculo Baroque. Waba adumile njengoba umbhali onekhono futhi umculi virtuoso ka isitho umculo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi kwaba uthisha onamakhono namaqembu ekhonsathini iqondiswe.

Kafushane mayelana umqambi

Phakathi nokuphila Johann Sebastian ayizange beqashelwa, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba Kwacishe kwaphela ikhulu leminyaka yakhe waqala ukubonisa isithakazelo. Mhlawumbe azikho izinsimbi zomculo akuyona isikhathi Baroque manje ujabulela udumo ezifana Bach. Uhlu iminyaka kulezi imisebenzi kufanele uzilungiselele ikhumbula izigaba eyinhloko lokusungula kombhali. Ngemva kwalokho, wizadi wangena Isikhwama yegolide Classic ezingaphelelwa isikhathi futhi namanje ethandwa, ngokuqinile wangena repertoire of ekhonsathini ukusebenza.

Ukuqala lokusungula

Bach, uhlu imisebenzi isihloko Ukubuyekeza isithakazelo, wazalelwa emndenini zomculo: uyise, umfowabo omdala nodadewethu abangu abaculi. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, umqambi esizayo babonisa ithalente olumangalisayo ukufunda ukudlala i-violin. Ngisho lapho esemusha, waba nesithakazelo imisebenzi ezibucayi bomculo abadumile, ungaphuthelwa ithuba ulalele zamaciko adumile, ukutadisha njalo, ekwandiseni ulwazi lwabo.

ngokushesha Wazibonakalisa njengoba organist abanamakhono. Uthi wawazi kahle lo mdlalo ku-ithuluzi, ukuze ngisho abaculi waqala ukufuna iseluleko ezivela kuye. Bach, uhlu imisebenzi angavulwa Ukukhuluma Works I-Organ, walingisa kulo umqambi wezingoma odumile isikhathi sakhe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umphelelisi imiculo Folk of amaphuzu, uzama lona umsindo kazwelonke.

Imisebenzi yokuqala umqambi babe chants, emaculweni Preludes ngoba isitho. Le misebenzi kuhluke onesizotha, uhlamvu ngokubabazekayo. Nokho, Bach, uhlu okuyinto njalo agcwaliswa, babe ahlukahlukene imithi yabo: Toccata bakhe bokuqala futhi Fugue abe ezimibalabala, umsindo okukhulu.

Weimar inkathi (1708-1717)

I zezimbali career okudala umqambi waqala endaweni omusha we umsebenzi wakhe, lapho ethola yomnyango organist esigodlweni umculi kwelinye Dukes German. Lapha, umbhali bahlakulele kwezimo ezifanele umsebenzi wokudala: wayengumuntu ukhululekile ukukhetha isihloko futhi wasebenza orchestra ezinhle kakhulu.

Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuthi kudala uchungechunge wakhe odumile fugues, ezingafinyelela khona umqulu wokuqala we umsebenzi yakhe edumile ethi "Awu omnene Clavier". Akekho limelela abaculi ke babengamazi isitho umculo virtuoso, yayiyini Bach. Uhlu imisebenzi ngu umqambi njalo enwetshiwe: wazikhandla, ngokubhala Preludes choral futhi kabusha amakhonsathi ka bomculo Italy. yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba kamuva, Johann ushiye indawo yemisebenzi ubudala futhi uya beyofuna entsha.

Ngo Kothen

Umxhasi umqambi baba inkosana wayewuthanda umculo futhi baziswa umqambi ithalente. Wamnika okuthunyelwe ka Kapellmeister futhi wanikeza inkululeko enkudlwana senzo. Bach, owazihlanganisa uhlu imisebenzi uhlamvu wokuziphilisa, wathola imvume nokubonwa. Uye sakhiwa umculo ngoba clavier, suite themes French nesiNgisi, Preludes kweshumi eyevile kwemibili futhi fugues. Ngalesi sikhathi sifaka ukudalwa edumile Brandenburg Concertos. Kulezi zinsuku, ngokuvamile eyenziwa ekamelweni wezinsimbi.

Waqamba ekhonsathini eziningana. Bach, uhlu imisebenzi lapho ngaleso sikhathi kwakuvame umsebenzi uhlamvu bezijabulisa Sonatas wadala futhi awukhulumi wedwa ngoba violin nomtshingo, ukuzwakala sengathi iculo onamileyo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, e amakhonsathi yakhe yonke insimbi uthole i umsindo ezimele.

umculo yenkolo

Ngalesi sikhathi eJalimane, omunye bomculo abadumile iningi labo liye laba Johann Sebastian Bach. Isebenza uhlu manje kuhlanganisa umculo yenkolo, lakhula ngokushesha. Umbhali ubhale amaMisa eziningana yezindaba Gospel abaphakathi the best in the umqambi. Njengoba umculo umqondisi amasonto edolobheni, edala uchungechunge cantatas ngenjongo yokukhulekela, okuyinto zisekelwe chorales amaProthestani. Kufanele futhi ingasaphathwa "eMiseni B Minor, 'ngayo lapho izingcaphuno ngokwengxenye esetshenziswa kusukela cantatas yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke.

nomculo wezwe

Nokho, wokuziphilisa, ukuzijabulisa Ukwakheka baqhubeka ukuba luthathe indawo evelele emsebenzini wakhe: zinikelwe obaluleke ngokukhethekile Iogann Sebastyan Bah. Imisebenzi, uhlu okuyinto liye landa ngokushesha ngenxa amashuni elabhalwa umculo ngokukhethekile Assembly of umbhali, wangena yengcebo repertoire zomhlaba. Bona bayahlonishwa kuze kube yilolu suku. Bach, uhlu imikhiqizo zazo anamanzi ashintshwa njalo ezihlukahlukene umsebenzi, kulokhu wadala abadumile yakhe "Coffee Cantata", futhi eziningi concertos for cello futhi Harpsichord.

Esikhathini 1740s ngasekupheleni umqambi wabhala umjikelezo entsha ehlanganisa richercars trio kanye canons ukuthi prepodnos isipho enkosini ngokuthi "Umnikelo Musical". Ngesikhathi esifanayo ebhala eziningi fugues lapho ngokucace wazibona nobuciko bakhe Polyphony. Lo msebenzi nimbone ukukhanya phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe futhi yanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe, amadodana umqambi sika.

Izici imisebenzi

Imisebenzi edume kakhulu Bach, uhlu okuyinto seyenziwe ngenhla ziveza izici isici yezingoma zakhe. Umqambi is kufanele uqashelwe njengokaputeni Polyphony, fugues yakhe, Sonatas ukujula ngendlela emangalisayo umsindo, okukhulu, umbala kanye imisindo ehlukahlukene. Yena phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ngoba ethathwa njengeSabatha ziyinkosi okungenakuqhathaniswa umdlalo ku isitho. Khona kwasuka omunye wabayishumi bomculo ayikwazanga ukuqhathanisa naye kuleli fomu art.

Esinye isici Bach wukuthi, uye wasebenza zonke izinhlobo zomculo ethandwa kwekhulu XVIII, kwasinda opera. Nokho, isisusa sakhe isekhona e eminye yemisebenzi yakhe choral. Umbhali ngobuciko kuhlanganiswe ukufezekisa abaqambi wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. nethonya elikhulu kuye kwadingeka umsebenzi abaculi isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi.

Bach ngobuciko ihlanganisa umculo wabo, ngokuvamile kabusha kwakhono lika kwezinye izincwadi zezazi-abaqambi. wayevame ukuhlelwa emisebenzini yakhe siqu, kamuva elaba okuthiwa ikhava izinguqulo, ezimele futhi original. Waqamba ngempumelelo futhi Ikhibhodi ye-Isebenza. Abaningi babo baye baba uhlobo umhlahlandlela lo mbhalo futhi ukusebenza polyphonic umculo: isipiliyoni Bach uletha abafundi ukuba amathekhiniki nokuningi uzibophezele amasu ukusebenza zomculo (Clavier obonisa).

Inani imisebenzi umqambi

Kukhona umbono sasivumela okwandile ukuthi Bach kwaba ukhohliwe ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Nokho, akunjalo: isitho sakhe umculo chorales aqhubeka uzwakale emasontweni nasemizini awalulahlanga ukubaluleka kwabo kuze kube namuhla. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi esikhundleni kwenkathi Baroque wafika classicism, okuyinto igxile hhayi kwi Polyphony nangokuzwana. Ngenxa bomculo eziningi ngempela abasha baqala cabanga umculo Ioganna Sebastyana yisikhathi.

Kodwa abanjalo abalobi owaziwa njengo Beethoven futhi Mozart ngokuvamile bayahlonishwa umsebenzi eyandulela wakhe omkhulu. Bobabili wafunda ngemisebenzi yakhe, okuyinto yaba nethonya elikhulu ku umsebenzi wabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lanamuhla imisebenzi umqambi sika ziyingxenye ebalulekile ye ukusebenza ekhonsathini, nomunye futhi umsebenzi ofanayo ungezwakala ezinguqulweni ezahlukene, njengoba akuzona zonke izikolo Johann aqukethe ulwazi oluphelele mayelana instrumentation. Bach, uhlu ngesiRashiya ukuthi okusesihlokweni esithi nje uhlu emfushane umsebenzi walesi umqambi nomculo umfundisi ovelele.