Ngubani Stiven Hoking? Life kanye umsebenzi uStephen Hawking

Ngubani Stiven Hoking? Lo mbuzo owabuzwa abantu abaningi ababona Usosayensi wokuqala kuthelevishini noma ukufunda izihloko zakhe. UProfesa ingatholakala yonke indawo - in the ukusakazwa izindaba yendawo ezungezile, amajenali yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni ngisho chungechunge zakho ozithandayo. Kwabaningi kuphakama umbuzo: "Usosayensi ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile - yini igama lakhe?" Phendula - Stiven Hoking. Biography ngezithombe ukukusiza ufunde mayelana nalo muntu umneyshem ngaphezulu.

Esakhula

usosayensi waseBrithani wazalelwa e-Oxford, January 8, 1942. Uyise, Frank, wasebenza Hampstead Health Research Center, nonina, u-Isabel, wasebenza khona njengonobhala. Steve has 2 nodade - Philip noMariya futhi kuyenze-umzalwane Edward.

Usosayensi Ikusasa bakhula umntwana abavamile futhi akazange abonise iyiphi namakhono avelele. Wayethanda ukuqoqa elektroparovoziki futhi iqoqe amamodeli we imishini ehlukahlukene.

Ngokusho unina, uStefanu kakade esikoleni sasifana usosayensi omncane wakhe exakile, izibuko ezinkulu nokuthanda mpikiswano ngokwesayensi. Ontanga ambize wonks futhi Einstein, kodwa naphezu kwalezi izidlaliso, sesayensi A ayikaze. Wakhetha ukusebenzisa i-physics, tibalo kanye chemistry, kanye nabo bonke abanye sciences kwaba ravnodushen.Tem Namanje, okuhlaziya baye bavumela ukuba aye e-Oxford University.

isifo

Inyuvesi Stiven Hoking ukujabulela fun of yokuphila student, amaqembu ukuya futhi ukugwedla. Ucwaningo, wayehumusha isikhathi esincane, benza kuphela lokho okudingekayo. Icala mhla Hawking wagcwalisa umsebenzi ngalo abafundi ayekanye nawo wayengasenakukwazi ukubekezelela ngeviki.

Ngomnyaka wesithathu ka-Hawking aqala ukuqaphela a engakhululekile ezithile, ngokuvamile wawa kwachitheka izinto. Ngemva komunye ukuwa abukhali, waya udokotela, kodwa udokotela akazange bethola isizathu sokukhathazeka engiyalela abafundi ukuphuza ubhiya kancane futhi phumula.

UStephen waphumelela ngamalengiso e-Oxford udumisa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kokuthola iziqu ngo-physics baba Cambridge. State impilo zezemfundo sawohloka ungakhululekile ayisakwazi isibaluli ukukhathala noma isiphazamiso esithile. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-21, Hawking waya kudokotela futhi.

Ngalesi sikhathi, isifundo lubucayi kakhudlwana lwenziwe. Odokotela baye bathola ukuthi isifo siqhubeka futhi Steven bukhoma azikho iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. Atrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou isifo Goering) - isifo esibhubhisa ezinzwa obhekene ukulawula imisipha. Ukugula sichubeka kancane kancane umsebenzi ngokomzimba buphela, ukukhubazeka futhi ekugcineni inqatshelwe imisipha yokuphefumula, okungase siholela ekufeni.

Njengomthetho, kuba isifo esibulalayo, esivame kubantu abaneminyaka engama 50 neziguli ufe kungakapheli iminyaka 2.5 isifo satholakala. Okuhlukile kokubili imithetho baba UProfesa Stiven Hoking. Biography usosayensi kungaba disappointingly esifushane, kodwa manje uNkulnkulu 73.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngubani Stiven Hoking? Akukhona nje isazi sesayensi esidumile, ngubani phakathi nokuphila kwakhe cishe sekube legend, kodwa futhi ubaba ujabule nomkhulu ozala umama. Umndeni nothando eziwusizo kakhulu insizwa ezintsha ukuba zijwayele impilo entsha emva ukuxilongwa esabekayo. Lesi sifo kancane, esangenza uStefanu kancane kancane ejwayele isimo sakhe.

isimo sokucindezeleka futhi ngingenathemba kwaqeda impumelelo emsebenzini, waqala ukuthandana ne intombazanyana, Dzheyn Uayld. unkosikazi Ikusasa waba muse, umsizi nomngani engcono usosayensi. Ukuze ngokwezimali ikusasa yabo, Hawking waqala umsebenzi. Ngo-1965 washada no-Jane ngemva konyaka wonke ubuhlobo. Ngo-1967 waphoqeleka ukuba uqale usebenzisa izinduku kanye ngonyaka ofanayo wazalwa izibulo lakhe. Sokuba ezinye izingane ezimbili, uStephen wahlangana kakade ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile.

Ngo-1985, ngesikhathi evakashele Geneva, Hawking wangenwa isifo sofuba. Lesi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu abantu sclerosis lateral. Steven isesimweni esibi, futhi odokotela aphakanyisiwe Jane ukuvumela umyeni ukufa ukuze egodini ngokuthula. Kodwa wanquma ukulwa wokuphila komyeni wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni futhi wawubuyisela ekhaya Cambridge, lapho kungenzeka ukuba unqobe ukutheleleka. Ukuze iwenze ube lula ukuphefumula, odokotela abaningi baye baphoqeleka ukuba afeze tracheotomy. Usosayensi ilahlekelwe yonke ikhono lokukhuluma.

Jane kwakunzima ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nezingane zakhe ezintathu kanye nomyeni wakhe, futhi ngemva kokuhlinzwa, baqasha umhlengikazi Elayn Meyson. Ngenxa umehluko futhi isimo eziyinkimbinkimbi endlini kukaStefanu yena nomkakhe kanye lithuthele emzini wakhe umhlengikazi ngo-1990. Isehlukaniso nomkakhe bahlela ngo-1991, futhi ngo-1995 washada Elaine Hawking.

emshadweni wabo eyathatha iminyaka engu-11 futhi kwakuhambisana amahlazo eziningi emaphephandabeni. Abaningi asola ukuthi owesifazane oshadile aphume ngezisusa zobugovu amphathe umyeni wakhe. Ngo-2004, uStephen ngisho ngokuthi ngemibuzo ngamaphoyisa, ngakho wachaza umsuka elimele kakhulu futhi enciphile. Usosayensi uziphikile lezi amangalele lo mbhangqwana, kodwa namanje safike sahlukanisa iminyaka 2 kamuva. Namuhla ongashadile naye, futhi sisondelene lezingane zabo nabazukulu.

esihlalweni

Ngo-1970, Hawking ayikwazanga ukuhambisa bebodwa futhi waqala ukuba asebenzise isihlalo sabakhubazekile, abavamile lokuqala, kamuva umoya zomshini. Ngubani Stiven Hoking ngaphandle esihlalweni sakhe, okuvumela uprofesa aqhubeke esebenza, naphezu isimo emibi kwezempilo? Lowo mfanekiso kwenziwe usosayensi endaweni kusofa napichkanom amadivayisi omkhulu electronic townsfolk ekhumbulekayo ngakho. Ngenxa isithakazelo kumuntu wakhe omunye izinkomba womsebenzi walo Hawking wakhetha popularization yesayensi.

Ngemva tracheotomy prenesennoy umsebenzi yesayensi Uprofesa wasongelwa, ngoba sekuyahwalala azikwazi ukuxhumana. Wayefanele ukusebenzisa amakhadi ngamagama, okubonisa ukunyakaza oyifunayo nokuphakamisa amashiya. Ukudweba i izwi wathatha umzuzu egcwele. Ukufohla yangempela uhlelo lokuxhumana ukusetshenziswa kwe-computer. Kukhasa yonkana izinhlamvu kwesikrini futhi amazwi, okungase bucaciswe umunwe ngokucindezela clicker.
Engineer Devid Meyson kwasiza ukudala kukhompyutha ephathekayo ingafakwa sabakhubazekile, futhi uye walungiselela Hawking izwi zayo ezidumile electronic ngendlela ehlukile American. By the way, uStefanu ukholelwa ukuthi izwi amakhadi ibhizinisi futhi akusho umlahle lapho ngcono hardware ne-software.

Manje, iminwe usosayensi kuthiwa ikhubazeke futhi, kanye nomsizi wakhe wasungula uhlelo olusha zokuxhumana. Manje kukhompyutha yakho zingalawulwa ngu inzwa infakrasnogo ukudoba ukunyakazisa esihlathini sakhe sokunene.

imisebenzi yesayensi

Ubunjalo izimbobo omnyama - omunye izindawo abanesifiso Stiven Hoking. usosayensi odumile ingenye abasunguli Cosmology quantum. ayekutholile kubange furor emphakathini ngokwesayensi. Uprofesa ukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu is ukuqonda ngokuphelele ulwazi, futhi sihlanekezela, futhi ukukhishwa okungenani ukuhwamuka. Lokhu emisebeni yaqanjwa Hawking.

Uprofesa iyasebenza hhayi kuphela ekubhaleni izincwadi nezihloko, kodwa futhi kunikeza izinkulumo zeningi, liba khona kuyo izingqungquthela ngokwesayensi emhlabeni wonke, isinyathelo kwe ezinhlelweni zethelevishini nasemidlalweni ukunikeza izingxoxo. Ukhuluma ukuthuthukiswa intelligence yokufakelwa futhi kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni kwamanye amaplanethi kusiza yocwaningo lwezempilo futhi unesithakazelo ukudalwa exoskeletons evumela abantu abakhubazekile siphile ukuphila okwanelisayo.

popularization wesayensi

Ngenxa ukuqashelwa yayo, uProfesa Stiven Hoking yenzani kakhulu popularize isayensi. Lakhe encwadini yokuqala esithi "Umlando Omfushane Isikhathi," esanyatheliswa ngo-1988, waba ethengwa kakhulu, futhi iyathandwa kuze kube yilolu suku. Kulotshiwe ngolimi olulula abantu abavamile zisekude emhlabeni yesayensi.

Ezinye izincwadi esiphawulekayo Hawking - "Izimbobo Black futhi Baby universes futhi Okunye Tindzaba," "Umkhathi Ngamafuphi". Nazo zimemezela mayelana okuqukethwe izimbobo black, idivayisi isikhala-isikhathi kwe-Big Bang. Usosayensi wabhala incwadi yezingane co-kwentiwe nendodakazi yakhe. Utshele izingane mayelana ama-cosmos futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "kaGeorge Imfihlo Isihluthulelo Yonke Endaweni Yonke".

Stiven Hoking - kumbhali izinhlelo ethandwa isayensi ngomkhathi, "Umkhathi uStephen Hawking sika", "Ngo yonke nge Sivenom Hawking," "Grand Design by uStephen Hawking".

mass Media

Igama Uprofesa uvame ukubizwa kwimidlalo nezinhlelo zethelevishini ahlukahlukene, okuyinto uyajabula iqhaza Stiven Hoking. Life and nomsebenzi usosayensi okuboniswe sici amafilimu amabili, "Umbono we Konke" futhi "Hawking". Anakho cameo ochungechungeni ezidumile zesayensi abasha, "The Big Bang Theory" futhi uchungechunge TV "Star Trek: The Next Generation" nezinhlamvu lakhe "The Simpsons" futhi "Futurama" UStefanu kwakuzwakala ngokuzimela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe kwenziwe usosayensi endaweni ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile futhi igama lakhe isetshenziswa lenqwaba movie kumnandi, uchungechunge TV kanye nezincwadi.

Ukubuka ama-movie kokufunda incwadi yakhe, uyokwazi ukuphendula ngokugcwele bona umbuzo: "Ubani Stiven Hoking".