Kwezakhi Komphakathi. Abamele kwezakhi nomphakathi

Igama elithi "izingqimba social" yavela ngekhulu XX. Lezi amayunithi hlanganisa nezicukuthwane zabantu neqoqo elithile izici kanye nezici.

amakilasi Komphakathi kanye kwezakhi

Ngo isayensi, tenhlalakahle zogqinsi yomculo babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo - division of umphakathi ngezizathu ezahlukene. Lokhu ososayensi inkinga lotifundze kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. kwezakhi Social njengoba umqondo sekukhona ekhulwini XX. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ezinye amayunithi sabaphathi kwakuvamile - of lombhalo kanye ekilasini.

Ekhulwini XIX kwaba umbono ezidumile izigaba zokuphila. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ukuthi kuqala uphenyo Adamu Smit noDavide Ricardo - ezomnotho classical. Class theory athuthukiswe ngokuphelele kakhulu futhi wavula usosayensi German Karl Marks. kwezakhi zezomlando nezenhlalo zamanje nazo zamukela ezinye izici lemfundiso yakhe.

division dichotomous emphakathini

Ukuze amaqembu zenhlalo libhekene Ukwahlukaniswa izici eziningana belinganisa. Lokhu ingcebo, amandla, imfundo, ezokungcebeleka kanye ukusetshenziswa. Lezi yizinkomba zokungalingani kanye nebanga social phakathi amalungu ehlukene yomphakathi.

Kukhona onobuhle eziningana division of the labantu zibe ugqinsi. Indlela elula umqondo wokuthobela omunye umuntu dichotomy - the webumbacambili emphakathini. Ngokwalo mbono, umphakathi sihlukene phakathi uquqaba futhi into yomntakabani. ngokucacile okunjalo kwakufaneleka ikakhulukazi isici yezimpucuko eminingi yasendulo. Nabamhlongoze ekungalinganini emphakathini kwakuyinto evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emphakathini ezifana kukhona lombhalo okuthiwa "ozinikele" - abapristi, izinduna noma abadala. ngempucuko yesimanje kusukela izakhiwo zomphakathi ezifana wenqaba.

nezicukuthwane

Ngokwe-yesimanje babhekane nezinga elikhulu, ezenhlalo kwezakhi zenhlabathi umphakathi ube izinkomba ezithile isimo, okuyinto ukuhlanganisa abantu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona umuzwa connectedness futhi okuqondene umphakathi. Kulokhu, izinkomba ungqimba kuphela ukulinganisa "kangcono - sibi" noma "ngaphezulu - kancane".

Ngokwesibonelo, uma sikhuluma imfundo, abantu zihlukaniswe esikoleni kwesokunxele noma enyuvesi. izinhlangano ezinjalo Ungaqhubeka ukhuluma ngani imali noma umsebenzi ekuthuthukiseni abantu. Ngamanye amazwi, kwezakhi zenhlalo mpo wokwehlayo esiqinile. Lolu hlobo mbhoshongo phezu okuyizinto "okungcono". Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, qhathanisa basketball abalandeli nabathandi temdzabu, umehluko zabo ngeke mpo, kodwa ovundlile. Lawo maqembu ngaphansi kwencazelo kwezakhi nomphakathi engamboziwe.

Umqondo isimo

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko imfundiso yokuziphendukela amakilasi social isimo. Lokho kubaluleke khiye babhekane nezinga elikhulu lesimanje nomphakathi. kwezakhi yamanje yezenhlalakahle zehluke amakilasi kwekhulu XIX iqiniso lokuthi umuntu ukuphila ungaboshwa kunoma yiliphi iqembu. Niyayibona injani emsebenzini? Ngokwesibonelo, uma umfana wazalwa ngo umndeni iholo eliphansi, kodwa wayengumfundi okhuthele futhi sibonga amathalente akhe wakwazi ukufeza isimo okusezingeni eliphezulu umsebenzi, ngokuqinisekile lidlule komunye ungqimba kwenye.

Isimo kusikisela ukuthi umuntu ubhekisela kulo kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile. Basitshela ukuthi ilungu emandla likhono lemmango kudle futhi ukukhiqiza izimpahla. Ukuze isimo, futhi kungakho ngenxa ungqimba nomphakathi kubalulekile ukuhlonipha emile njengesiqondiso ngisho kuyinsakavukela zokuphila.

Inhlalakahle and Labour

Izimpawu, okuyinto ezihlukaniswe abamele amaqembu omphakathi, zingahlukaniswa zibe amaqembu amaningana. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi yizinto ezihlobene isimo somnotho somuntu. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa ukuba khona endaweni yangasese, osayizi, nezinhlobo imali. Ngokuvamile, lezi zibonakaliso lingachazwa ngokuthi ezingeni impahla inhlalakahle. Ngokusho lokhu umbandela, ke lwabelwe abampofu kanye nabacebile kahle naphakathi izingqimba. Ungase futhi zibhekisele kaningi njengesibonelo lezisebenzi ongaphakeme abaholelwa ephezulu ikhokhwe abahlala zezindlu zomphakathi, abanikazi bezindawo, nokunye. D.

Umqondo isigaba sezenhlalo kuthinta mkhuba nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi. Kulesi isigaba sabaphathi, sikhuluma amakhono abantu nokuqeqeshwa. Labor ihlukile ngasinye isicelo ngabanye, futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho umehluko kubonakala ngesinye isendlalelo nomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakhetha abasebenzi abasebenza kwezolimo, umkhakha, izinsiza-kusebenza nezinkonzo nokunye. D.

Amandla kanye nethonya

Ayikho ngaphansi ebalulekile nezicukuthwane igunya. Basuke kunqunywa yethuba lokuba umuntu ukuthonya abanye. Umthombo la makhono ayesezikhundleni okusezingeni eliphezulu noma ube nolwazi ezibucayi nomphakathi. Kulesi isigaba sabaphathi, ungakhetha isikhundla futhi ifayela abasebenzi abaphathi ibhizinisi kamasipala amabhizinisi amancane noma, isibonelo, abaholi isimo.

Encwadini izimpawu iqembu ahlukene labelwe inomthelela ukuthembeka nokuqashelwa. Kulokhu, zidlala indima kokuhlaziywa ebalulekile kwabanye. Lesi sibalo akukwazi inhloso, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukulinganisa bese uchaza eminye imikhawulo. Ngokusho lesi sici, ungakwazi ukuhlonza abaholi ngokwethukela, izibalo kwamasiko owaziwa, abameleli elite isimo, njalo njalo. N.

izimpawu yesibili

Siye ezichazwe ngenhla izimpawu eziyisisekelo, owawuthi esakhile babhekane nezinga elikhulu lesimanje emphakathini. Nokho, ngaphandle nje kwalezi, kukhona izici yesibili. Ababona isici kokunquma, kodwa futhi kuthinte isimo muntu sabaphathi jikelele. Okusho ukuthi, yimaphi amaqembu zenhlalo abakhona emphakathini ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane, awusebenzi ngqo incike kulezi zici. uhlamvu yabo asizayo.

uphawu Ethnonational emiphakathini ehlukene kuthinta ngesimo somuntu ngezindlela ezingafani. Emazweni phakathi kwamasiko amabili, le mfanelo akunandaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezweni lanamuhla, kusekuningi lamazwe lapho kukhona isimo kazwelonke olandelanayo. Emiphakathini ezinjalo okuqondene iqembu zabanye abantu yobuhlanga kungaba umthelela ebalulekile ekunqumeni Ukwahlukaniswa umuntu isigaba esithile emphakathini.

Okunye izici ezinjalo - yilokho ubulili nobudala, izici zenkolo namasiko lomuntu. umphumela yabo aggregate phezu umbuthano womphakathi yomuntu kanye nezithakazelo zakhe. Futhi uzinake kuwuphawu elihlobene ne-nendawo yokuhlala. Kulokhu-ke ngokuyinhloko umbuzo umehluko omkhulu phakathi bendawo futhi izakhamuzi.

Abantu nge isimo esithile nomphakathi

Ukuba Ngowenkolo eqenjini elithile emphakathini futhi kuncike ngezimfanelo ezithile ukufaka womuntu kwengqondo. Kulolu chungechunge, izazi ziye ukhombe isikhundla asemaceleni umphakathi. Kunabantu abangasebenzi ngaphandle endaweni ehlala njalo lokuhlala, ababaleki. Kweminye imiphakathi, kungase futhi kube zikhutshaziwe kanye nabahola impesheni abakuphila kwabo izimo zimbi kakhulu ukwedlula bonke abanye abantu. Kunegebe okunjalo nomphakathi kwenzeka emazweni lapho kukhona uhulumeni kokunganaki. Uma iziphathimandla ayikwazi ukunikeza izimpawu eziyisisekelo umphakathi ngendaba engathi sína ukuphila okunethezekile, nge abaxoshiweyo okunjalo kuyoba ngaphezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

isimo Specific khona futhi abantu okuthukayo ukuziphatha. Bona bayizakhamuzi balahlwa yicala amacala abo. Lezi zihlanganisa abameleli emhlabeni lobugebengu, abantu ababoshwe emajele kanye nezinye izikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo. Abantu abazithola iqembu abekelwe emaceleni noma zobugebengu, njengoba umthetho, asikwazi bebodwa ukukhuphuka isitebhisi yezenhlalakahle noma futhi anifunanga.