Kaloliwe - Ngokuzayo yezwe!

On welithi "ugingqe" ingase ihlanganise onke amayunithi imishini abathintekayo ekusingatheni nomgibeli traffic kunethiwekhi wesitimela. Rolling Railways kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene izigaba kwamakalishi, abahamba izitimela zamalahle. It ihlukaniswe ukubunjwa injongo, umgibeli futhi ngesitimela esithwala impahla traffic okhethekileko ubudala.

Ungase futhi ulethe ngezigaba elandelayo SS:

• Yokudonsa: amakhanda (amakhanda zikagesi, amakhanda, udizili amakhanda).
• Akazibekanga eyayimfuqa: izimoto (ezisekelweni, izinqola evulekile, okusanhlamvu zenethiwekhi, amathangi, njll).
• Motor-izimoto: komhlaba, izitimela zikagesi, railcars.
• Ukwakheka ekhethekile. injongo: umshini ukuba ingene, railcar.

Abadali zokuthutha kubhekwe manje umshini wokwakha amabhizinisi of ezweni nasemazweni aphesheya, lokomotivostroitelnye nemoto wokwakha izitshalo, Mills steel.

Izimoto kuqala laseRussia aqala ukukhiqiza phakathi nekhulu le-18. Njengoba i emkhakheni wezimboni ezizimele, ujantshi imoto zabelwe phakathi 40s kwekhulu le-18. Nakuba ukwakhiwa komgwaqo ujantshi isiqu kusuka eMoscow kuya Petersburg, nokuthi ukwakha izimoto esemthethweni umgwaqo Alexandrovsky isitshalo Foundry obuzisebenzela ahlukanisa eLeningrad.

Isici esiyinhloko ujantshi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba iqiniso ukuthi isitokwe kweqa u ngaphezulu eyenzelwe abantu zokuthutha. Yakhelwe, njengoba umthetho, izimoto ezithwala, egijima sikadokotela suburban. Abazange anezindlu zangasese, amakhabethe kanye ngisho imibhede, Lithatha kuphela.

Izimoto zokuqala babengamakhulu amabili-oluvala amasondo, Uhlaka nomzimba ezenziwe ngokhuni. uxhumano yabo kwaba uchungechunge. Rolling isitokwe abagibeli zokuthutha ngaleso sikhathi sihluke kakhulu abakhona.

I umfutho esilandelayo ukuze uthole intuthuko kwimikhakha ujantshi isibe inguqulelo waseRussia kusukela feudalism ukuba capitalism ngokusebenzisa kwekuhlela kabusha ngo-1861. Kusukela 1863 waqala ukukhiqizwa izimoto basebenzisa isakhiwo biaxial.

Ngo-1859, ngesikhathi Alexandrovsky isitshalo wabonakala njengomuntu gondola yesimanje - i ukuthutha evulekile, futhi porohovoz nemoto for iziqhumane.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa wokuyisa izimpahla okonakalayo (ukudla, ikakhulukazi), lalivela isothermal kaloliwe.

Ngo-1875-ke wakhipha umyalo Ministry of Railways (MPS), esikhuluma ngezinyoni ngokuletha zonke nezinqola ezimboziwe yohlobo olufanayo kokuhlukile "evamile obujwayelekile" (6400 * 2743 mm). Lokhu nje isuke ibangelwa ubukhulu eziphathelene nezempi kanye ezokuthutha mass amabutho.

Kusukela engxenyeni 90s yesibili. kukhona kuyanda kwezinga lemikhiqizo yezimboni, okuholela ekwandeni kokwakhiwa ojantshi, kweqa emisha ngasibuyisela. Growing ukufunwa izinqola ukuze kusetshenziselwe ukuthutha ngobuningi. ukukhiqizwa enjalo ikhuphuke kakhulu.

Kodwa ngo-1880, eduze nedolobhana Big Mytischi waqala ukwakha Mytishchi senqola Works.

Ngo-1896, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha ukwakhiwa Upper ifektri izimoto.

Ngo-1897, yena yaba imoto wokwakha ifektri ukwenziwa izinhlamvu emabhokisini, emakhishini ensimini futhi tropicbirds.

Futhi kusukela zwe elikhulukazi sekukhona izitshalo nenjongo eyodwa kuphela - ukudala ephelele isitokwe kweqa, bakwazi ukwanelisana ngezidingo isimo kwezokuthutha.

Okwamanje, inani namakalishi futhi amakhanda kungenziwa ngokuthi okwanele lolo izwe, kodwa isimo lobuchwepheshe walabo kufanele kube Kuhle ukucabanga ngale. Happy eyodwa: ukwakhiwa ubuchwepheshe yalolu hlobo kusukela kokugqashuka awuzange uphazanyiswe yimuphi unyaka.