Kanjani ukulungisa ukuthola ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa 8080 (port): imfundo, umdwebo kanye nokubuyekeza

Port kumanethiwekhi ikhompyutha iyinombolo yemvelo lapho kulotshwe unhlokweni OSI olandelwayo. It yakhelwe ukuhlonza umamukeli yenqubo iphakethe impi efanayo.

Njengomthetho, emkhathini umsebenzisi ku zaziziningi nge uhlelo lokusebenza efakwe iza inqubo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi, futhi ngayinye kuwo inohlelo ethize. Uma lezi zinhlelo kuthinte inethiwekhi ikhompyutha "igobolondo" ngezikhathi ezithile kuba ngokusebenzisa IP-iphakethe ukuthi senzelwe omunye izinhlelo.

Isebenza kanjani?

Uma uhlelo isebenzisa ukushintshanisa kwe-data nge inethiwekhi, le nqubo ingase ithathe indawo kanje:

• Ngo-OS eceliwe inombolo ethile port. Uhlelo anganikeza kokubili noHlelo futhi iyakwenqabela ukudluliselwa (lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni lapho inombolo port isivele iyasebenza olunye uhlelo lokusebenza).
• Ngesikhathi OS iyadingeka yini ucacise inombolo port kunoma iyiphi etholakalayo. Uhlelo ngokwalo ekhetha futhi inikeza Uhlelo.

Indlela yokuvula i-port (8080, 80 njalo njalo)? Ngaphakathi nemininingwane yenethiwekhi kushintshwa ngokusho protocol ethize (phakathi izinqubo ezimbili). Ukuze uxhumano usumisiwe, okulandelayo kuyadingeka:

• IP-ikheli Umthumeli nomamukeli Sebawoti (okudingekayo ukuze umzila lakhiwa phakathi kwabo);
• Inombolo olandelwayo;
• Amagumbi kokubili izimbobo (omthombo).

Uma uxhumano iphelile TCP, ichweba umthombo isetshenziswa njengoba uhlelo lokusebenza le-umamukeli ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwe-data kanye ukucubungula umamukeli ukuze uphendule.

nezimbobo Vula avaliwe

On the ingxenye yomthumeli aphethe nenombolo yephothi isenzo njengoba uzakwabo ekhelini ukubuya, okuboniswe phezu imvilophi. Le nombolo ngokuthi reverse.

Ezimweni lapho inqubo ku zaziziningi njalo usebenzisa inani elifanayo port port kubhekwa evulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo ezihambisana neseva angasebenzisa sonke isikhathi 80 noma 8080 okuxhumana. Lapho Inqubo ayikwazi ukuvula iphothi okubhekwa avaliwe.

izinombolo port

Zonke izimbobo babe izinombolo zabo bhalisiwe ngendlela ebekiwe. Ngalinye yakhelwe injongo yayo eqondile. Ngakho ngokuvamile ungabona port 8080. Kungani udinga lokhu kusebenza lapho usebenzisa i-Internet?

Ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, ichweba kuyinto TCP kanye yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ne-HTTP. Unofficially, ibuye esetshenziswa Tomcat servlet esitsheni abhalwe Java.

TCP-port 8080 ungasebenzisa olandelwayo ethize zokuxhumana, kuye ngokuthi isicelo. Protocol iqoqo imithetho semthethweni echaza indlela idatha idluliselwa ngenethiwekhi. It kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ngolimi esetshenziswa phakathi kwamakhompyutha ukubasiza ukuxhumana kahle kakhulu.

Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo HTTP, onqamula 8080, inquma format ukuxhumana phakathi iziphequluli Inthanethi kanye amawebhusayithi. Esinye isibonelo protocol-IMAP, esichaza ubuhlobo obuphakathi amaseva IMAP mail kanye namakhasimende noma, ekugcineni, i-SSL, ecacisa ifomethi esetshenziselwa imilayezo ebethelwe.

ukudluliswa kwedatha

Ngakho, TCP-Port 8080 isebenzisa Transmission Control Protocol. Ungomunye Izivumelwano main kumanethiwekhi TCP / IP. Nakuba amadili IP olandelwayo kuphela amaphakethe, TCP kwenza Sebawoti ezimbili ukuze usungule uxhumano kanye exchange ukusakaza idatha. Uqinisekisa ukulethwa yabo, kanye lokuthi amaphakethe izonikelwa port 8080 oda efanayo lapho bathunyelwa. uxhumano iqinisekisiwe 8080 - lokhu kuyinto umehluko oyinhloko phakathi TCP kanye UDP. UDP 8080 akuqinisekisi uxhumano efanayo.

Indlela yokuvula i-port 8080 ku-Windows 7?

Ukuze wenze lokhu, yiya engxenyeni ethi "Qala" imenyu bese ukuthola Control Panel. It liyadingeka ukuze chofoza "Inethiwekhi" sub-menu bese uthole "module firewall." Esikhathini "Ukuxolela" ithebhu, thola "Engeza Port". Wena kuzovula ibhokisi lengxoxo okufanele ufaka inombolo port. Qinisekisa ukuthi amasethingi licaciswe ku-TCP, bese ukhetha Kulungile.

Indlela ukuvala port 8080? Kwanele yokusetha ukuxhumeka kwenye port ethize.

Advanced Ukucushwa HTTP kanye ne-TCP proxy

Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo HTTP ugijima phezu TCP, kodwa inikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ukwabela umyalezo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Amaphepha okuvota amabili amisiwe ehlukile.

HTTP-traffic kuhlanganisa umninikhaya eziqondiwe semikhumbi umyalezo. Uyaqhubeka-TCP uxhumano nge endpoint TCP, okungukuthi, phakathi aphethe ethile kanye ne-port. Ngokuvamile, i-HTTP-Post amaphuzu yokugcina efanayo TCP-uxhumano. Uma ushintsha ukucushwa kwe-iklayenti ukusebenzisa kusibambeli se-HTTP uxhumo senziwa kwenye aphethe kanye ne-port, esikhundleni URL ecacisiwe ku-HTTP-amakheli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphela iphuzu TCP esigijimini uhlukile ekupheleni lapho ixhunywe.

Isibonelo, uma i-HTTP-isicelo wathumela isicelo ikhasi http://192.0.2.1:8080/operation kuhlanganisa «192.0.2.1:8080» isihloko «Usokhaya» HTTP-mlayezo, okuyinto ithunyelwa port 8080 ku umninikhaya 192,0. 2.1.

Nokho, uma ulungisela HTTP-iklayenti usebenzisa iseva elibamba, eziyisisekelo TCP-uxhumano eya endpoint TCP ngaye, ngenkathi umlayezo namanje iqukethe endpoint yasekuqaleni.

Isibonelo, uma ulungisela amaklayenti ukuthumela imilayezo yabo weseva at 198281.100.1 port 3128, futhi iklayenti ithumela isicelo http://192.0.2.1:8080/operation, umyalezo isacuketse «192.0.2.1: 8080" isihloko «Usokhaya», futhi manje futhi emkhakheni «Cela-Line». Nokho, lo myalezo manje wathumela ngokusebenzisa TCP-uxhumano at 198.51.100.1:3128. Ngakho, kusibambeli se-HTTP iseva bangathola imilayezo eku-port efanayo (proxy ku-port 8080) futhi ungathumela ukuba amasevisi eziningana ezahlukene ngesisekelo ulwazi mayelana umamukeli.

Kanjani ukulungisa ukuthola uxhumano ku-port 8080?

Ngakho, isihloko «Usokhaya» ingezwe ku-HTTP / 1.1. Connections HTTP / 1.0 akubandakanyi kuyo yena. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, compounds enjalo, okuyinto musa idlule proxy akubandakanyi umninikhaya kanye ne-port somlayezo. Nokho, ulwazi-HTTP / 1.0, ethunyelwe nge iseva elibambayo, isacuketse umninikhaya target kanye ne-port e-"Umbuzo string". Ngakho-ke, ukungabikho isihloko «Usokhaya» akusho izinkinga proxy.

Ukuze unike amandla TCP proxy, kufanele ushintshe ukucushwa kwe-iklayenti nge-TCP endpoint ngesikhathi sangempela on endpoint replaceable. Ngokungafani HTTP, protocol akayinekezi ikhono esakhelwe ukusebenzisa ummeleli. Okungukuthi, uma ukuxhuma weseva ngokusebenzisa TCP, yokudlulisela ulwazi ukuze sasilibangise ayinikeli indlela.

Indlela usethe uxhumano amaningi nge 8080?

Indlela kuphela proxy TCP Ukuvumela ukuxhumana izinhlelo eziningi (isb, lapho sasilibangise khona), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singakanani traffic izothunyelwa ku lezi zakhi - ukulalela enye iphothi ngamunye izinhlelo. It ikuvumela ukuxhuma futhi silondoloze ulwazi mayelana nokuthi iziphi port izinombolo zayo zivumelana endpoint ngamunye. Khona-ke iklayenti ilungiselelwe nge echwebeni proxy elihambisana uhlelo ngasinye lapho idinga ukuxhuma. TCP proxy ukulalela nezimbobo futhi Endpoints ehambisana alungiselelwe opharetha efayeleni proxy ukumisa, RTCP_install_dir / httptcp / registration.xml. Okokuqala, hlola port 8080 - uma ivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukulungisa okwengeziwe zizokwenziwa emva kwamaminithi ambalwa.

Kulesi sibonelo, 198.51.100.1 iyona IP-ikheli weseva. Noma yimuphi traffic ethunyelwe port 3333 ku weseva ithunyelwa port 8080 kuleli kheli elilandelayo: www. Isibonelo. com:

Ngakho une ukushintsha ifayela amaklayenti ukucushwa njalo ungeza indawo entsha okuyiwa kuyo traffic. Lo mngcele awusebenzi HTTP-proxy.

Budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye HTTP kanye ne-TCP

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-port izibambo ku-HTTP kanye TCP okuvota, ake sithi une amasevisi amabili 192.0.2.1:8080 futhi 192.0.2.1:8081, futhi iseva elibambayo egijima kwi 198.51.100.1. Uma yabo ingafani IP-ikheli esikhundleni ngenombolo port, lesi sibonelo kuyoba okufanayo ngaphandle ikheli esihambisanayo wesevisi ngayinye. Uma ecabanga ukuthi uzovele HTTP-traffic oyedwa-HTTP izicelo proxy itheku elisogwini kokubili Endpoints TCP ingathunyelwa kuye. Lapho i-HTTP ubona ukuthi umyalezo sibhekiswe 192.0.2.1:8080, i-proxy athumele umyalezo kuleli kheli, noma ukusebenzisa noma imiphi imithetho anayo le sevisi. Inqubo esifanayo siyasebenza 192.0.2.1:8081, usebenzisa isikhala seso efanayo.

Uma la masevisi ezimbili esikhundleni alindele TCP traffic kufanele kube evulekile ezimbili TCP-proxy port kuchazwe izakhi ezimbili efayeleni ukumisa:

Ukulungiselelwa iklayenti ukuze izinguquko Inkonzo yokuqala kusukela «192.0.2.1:8080» ku «198.51.100.1:3333», futhi owesibili - a «192.0.2.1:8081» ukuze «198.51.100.1:3334». Iklayenti sithumela umyalezo (TCP iphakethe), isevisi yokuqala ikheli lokuqala.

Weseva olitholayo echwebeni (3333), kodwa akazi ukuthi iyiphi idatha athunyelwa phezu lokhu kuhlobana. Zonke ukuthi wayazi - uxhumano port 3333. Ngakho-ke, weseva obuza ukumisa yayo futhi ubona ukuthi i-traffic le yembobo kumelwe uqondiswe 192.0.2.1:8080 (noma ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba sisebenzise isimiso ngoba le sevisi). Uma ungakwazi kabusha zonke HTTP yakho traffic, ngoba ukucushwa iklayenti ayisekeli ukucushwa kwe weseva HTTP, kufanele usebenzise reverse-HTTP-proxy.

Kuyo esikhundleni ilitshe URL-amakheli ucacise oyifunayo yakho. Le nqubo efanayo ukumisa i-proxy TCP, lapho ucacise njengethuba endpoint for imiyalezo TCP ohlelweni iklayenti bese udala umthetho ukudlulisa.

Umehluko wukuthi ungeza uhlobo lwesichasiso nokubusa elicacisa le-HTTP, njengasezulwini isibonelo esilandelayo: .

Kangakanani ukuhamba traffic?

Manje weseva ilungiselelwe ukwamukela kuphela HTTP-traffic ethekwini ekhethiwe, futhi ingasetshenziswa zokuhlunga ezinothile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-server ungakwazi ukuhlunga traffic ikhava, esingeyena indlela eqondile yalo ye-URL ikheli, noma ubani ayisebenzisi indlela HTTP eqondene, ezifana POST. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-plug akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, iseva esadinga ukuba uya khona kwento , ukuze bakwazi ukuthumela traffic ohlelweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithi iklayenti idinga uxhume umsebenzi ku 192.0.2.1:8080 bese usebenzisa reverse-HTTP-proxy ku 198.51.100.1:3333.

Ngaphambi iklayenti angasebenzisa seseva, ukucushwa client le sevisi, udinga ukushintsha kuthiwa URL-amakheli, ezifana-http: // 192.0.2.1:8080/ operation, e- http: // 198.51.100.1:3333/ msebenzi. Umbuzo ukuthi athunyelwa kuleli kheli elisha i-URL, ingena weseva.

Umlayezo isicelo iqukethe endpoint TCP ngoba kuthi usebenzise isibambeli (198.51.100.1:3333) e kwesihloko "Usokhaya", hhayi ikheli ohlelweni, ngoba iklayenti akazi ukuthi uthumela umlayezo odluliselwe. Lokhu lula iklayenti enquma ubunjalo indima ekhuthaza ezinjalo. Ngakho, i-proxy isebenzisa tincenye , ukwazi ukuthi isicelo eza port 3333 kudinga okukodwa kokulandelayo: kufanele idluliselwe uhlelo bukhoma 192.0.2.1:8080, futhi isihloko «Usokhaya» esigijimini ukuba olusha. Ukuze umlayezo ozofakwa yonke imithetho isevisi, isibonelo, i-plug umzila.