Kanjani ukwakha ukusebenza ngempambano. A block umdwebo lohlelo ngamakhono ahlukahlukene

Isifanekiso block kuyinto elwa sokuqhafaza inqubo, okubonisa ngokucacile ukulandelana esihleliwe zonke izigaba umsebenzi, kanye wonke amaqembu abathintekayo inqubo. Leli cebo wuhlelo izimpawu ingcaca (amabhlogo) kanye ushintsho imigqa (imicibisholo) phakathi kwabo. Ngayinye yalezi amabhlogo uhambelana isinyathelo esithile ye-algorithm. Ngaphakathi lolu phawu uchaza lesi senzo.

Kungani usebenzisa flowchart?

Lezi izinhlelo zenzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

- ukuthuthukisa inqubo entsha;

- ukuchaza futhi ukubhala algorithm zamanje;

- ukuthuthukisa ushintsho inqubo noma ukuphenya izixhumanisi nge amathuba amaphutha nokwehluleka;

- ukunquma lapho, kanjani futhi kuphi ungakwazi ukushintsha i-algorithm zamanje, ukuze siqinisekise ukuzinza ohlelweni lonke.

ukuqhutshwa komsebenzi Development

Noma yimuphi umdwebo block kusekelwe izenzo algorithm echaza ukusebenza kwe-idivayisi noma uhlelo. Ngakho-ke, siqala eyakhelwe uhlelo uqobo. "Algorithm" libhekisela incazelo ukulandelana imisebenzi yokuxazulula le nkinga. Empeleni, lo mthetho ukwenza izinqubo ezidingekayo kolwazi ukucubungula. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ukwakhiwa algorithm liyadingeka ukuchaza inkinga ngokucacile: kubalulekile ukuthola yaloko ulwazi kokuqala okudingekayo futhi lokho okutholakalayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona imikhawulo irisidi yayo. Ngemva kwalokho, uhlu lezinyathelo ukuba lusebenze ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo.

izinhlobo algorithm

Ekusebenteni, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ukugeleza amashadi elisetshenziswe kaningi:

- Ihluzo, okusho zisekelwe izimpawu Jomethri;

- ngamazwi: lwentiwe amazwi kokujwayelekile ulimi;

- mbumbulu ikhodi: amelela incazelo semiformalized ulimi lokwakha okunemibandela, okuyinto ifaka izinto ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo nemishwana etemibhalo izimpawu ezivamile zezibalo;

- isofthiwe: kuphela ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo esetshenziswa ukubhala.

A block umdwebo amadivayisi: Incazelo

A u elwa sokuqhafaza ukuhamba komsebenzi kuhlanganisa isithombe algorithm zokuxhumana echaza emabhuloki obusebenzayo lesi sifunda okuyinto zivumelana nokuqalisa isenzo esisodwa noma eziningi. A block umdwebo amalungu afanayo yakhiwa izakhi ngabanye, izilinganiso zobukhulu kanye namathuluzi okwakha imithetho ezichaza indinganiso isimo. Ukuze uhlobo ngalunye isenzo (idatha okufakwayo, ikhompyutha Inkulumo amagugu, izimo kokuhlola, ukulawula ukuphindaphinda isinyathelo Ukuvalwa ukucutshungulwa, njll). Kukhona ehlukile sibalo Jomethri umelwe block. Letimphawu axhunyiwe imisho ezichaza ukulandelana izenzo.

Izakhi eziyinhloko baqashwe ekulungiseleleni flowchart

Uhlu oluphelele izimpawu ingcaca esetshenziselwa incazelo ye-algorithm inezigaba 42. Its all singeke ukunikeza, futhi cabanga nje uthishanhloko.

Imisuka ngempambano:

1. Inqubo Computing kusho isenzo noma ukulandelana izenzo ukushintsha amanani idatha noma nesakhiwo ukubekwa. Ngokucaca, lezi zinto wesifunda zingahlanganiswa ku eyodwa. Lolu phawu kuyinto isikwele, ngaphakathi kwalo la i amazwana ebhaliwe, lokuhambisana operation (noma iqembu ukuthengiselana).

2. Isixazululo. Lokhu block isetshenziswa abonisa isimo ushintsho phezu control. Endabeni ngayinye enjalo oyilungu bakungabaze ukuqhathanisa, noma isimo, okuyinto ichaza ke. Ngamanye amazwi, isinqumo - ukukhethwa isiqondiso uhlelo lobunikazi noma algorithm, kuye ngokuthi izimo ezithile onhlobonhlobo. umbono sokuqhafaza element - nedayimani. Wathi uphawu ingasetshenziswa njengoba umfanekiso isakhiwo elandelayo okwakha: ukukhetha, ngemfoloko ngokugcwele futhi itoho, lo mjikelezo "phambi" futhi "eside".

3. Ukuguqulwa. Lokhu iyunithi ikhombisa ekuqaleni umjikelezo. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlela isakhiwo eyindilinga. Ngaphakathi lesi sici irekhodi kulungiselelwa uhla imisebenzi, njengoba kuboniswa ukubaluleka kokuqala, umngcele isimo, kanye isinyathelo sishintsha into okufanele uphindwe. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuguqulwa - ukugcwaliseka ekushintsheni amaqembu noma amaqembu imisebenzi ukuthi ushintshe uhlelo. Ukumelwa sokuqhafaza lolu phawu kuyinto iheksagoni.

4. predetermined ukubala inqubo kusho uhlelo predetermined noma lelo zinga. It isetshenziswa ukhombise ukwelashwa algorithm asizayo okukhona ngokuzimela njengendlela ehlukene amamojuli ezimele, futhi ukufinyelela onkhe umtapo. umbono sokuqhafaza uphawu emelelwa isikwele nge Amabha amabili mpo ezinhlangothini. Lo msuka ukhonza isiqondiso umsebenzi izingcingo, izinqubo, amamojuli isofthiwe.

5. Idatha efakiwe-okukhipha ifomu jikelele.

6. Qala futhi stop. Lo msuka limelela zokuqala nezokugcina ye-algorithm, futhi ukufaka ohlelweni uphinde uphume kuyo. Imidwebo lolu phawu sifana isikwele lapho ohlangothini esikhundleni iqonde - arc.

7. Document kusho imiphumela ekhishwa ukuphrinta. Imidwebo, i-elementi like isikwele, kuphela esikhundleni ephansi isigamu-wave oqondile olotshiwe.

8. okokufaka Manual ngokuyifunda opharetha inhlamvu ngokucubungula idatha idivayisi okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ikhompyutha (ikhibhodi). uphawu Graphic input bhuku kukhona quadrilateral kabani izinhlangothi parallel emgqeni, phansi kuyinto perpendicular kubo, futhi etshekile aphakeme.

9. Isibonisi kusho ukuthini input noma okukhipha ulwazi uma uma idivayisi ixhunyiwe ngqo processor. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho ziqala ukudlala idatha, opharetha ungenza izinguquko phakathi kwenqubo. Imidwebo, lesi sici kuyinto sibalo lapho imigqa yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi kukhona okufanayo, kwesokudla - kuba arc, futhi kwesokunxele yakhiwa ezimbili iqonde njengoba umcibisholo.

10. Ukugeleza imigqa - kukhona imicibisholo ukuthi ukhombise ukulandelana ukuxhumana. Ngiphakathi isakhiwo block umdwebo ayikwazi phelisa lesi sici. Kukhona imithetho ethile kufunwe lezi zinhlamvu. Nampa:

- izakhi idatha kumele kube parallel emigqeni azungezwe yangaphandle noma imingcele nekhasi lapho lokhu kubonisa umdwebo block;

- umugqa kusukela phezulu kuya phansi noma kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla kubhekwa main, it is hhayi kuboniswa imicibisholo, ezinye izimo zibonisa izindawo ebekwe kubo;

- ukushintsha isiqondiso lapho lesi sakhi ^imayelana 90 kuphela.

11. Isixhumi. Lo msuka isetshenziswa ukuze ucacise uxhumano uphazamisa ukugeleza emigqeni. Letimphawu asetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ukuthi umdwebo block zohlelo yakhiwa kusuka izingxenye eziningana. Khona-ke ulayini ukugeleza kusuka kwenye ingxenye ukuqeda "Isixhumi," futhi entsha ingxenye - ukuqala izinto ezinalolu phawu. Ngaphakathi lesi sici ibekwe inombolo efanayo serial. Ukumelwa sokuqhafaza "Isixhumi" - umbuthano.

12. isixhumi sesikhala. Inhloso yalesi isici, ke isetshenziswa kuphela ukuxhuma flowchart, ibekwe emakhasini ehlukene efana kulowo odlule. Ukubona i-elementi ezifana umelwe endlini pentagon.

13. Phawula - lokhu ukuxhumana phakathi ezihlukahlukene izakhi ngempambano incazelo. elementi wathi ivumela zihlanganisa amafomula kanye neminye imininingwane.

flowchart ukwakhiwa

Graphic ukwakhiwa algorithm - kuyingxenye imibhalo yedivayisi noma uhlelo uhlale etholakala ngobuningi. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, isofthiwe ayidingi kulombhalo block. ambalwa kuphela edingekayo ukwakhiwa algorithm kuthatha amashidi ezimbalwa, okunye isikimu ngempela ongokomfanekiso. Simple block umdwebo ekuboniseni isakhiwo uhlelo ekhelini esicini esisodwa kuphela. Nokho, ngisho ezakheke kanjena iyabonakala ngokucacile kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi algorithm ubekwe ishidi elilodwa. Endabeni okuphambene, lapho umdwebo block itholakala emakhasini eziningana ezihlobene ukuhwebelana interstitial kunzima kakhulu ukuthola umbono ilungelo ngalokhu. Uma kubekwa ishidi olulodwa, khona-ke uhlelo olukhulu lokhu algorithm isithombe liphenduka isu layo jikelele nge uhlu amabhlogo main nezinyathelo. Yiqiniso, lolu hlelo akusho ukulandela izindinganiso inqubo design, kodwa akazange uzidinga, kusukela inqubo kuhluke ngokuphelele. Imithetho mayelana uhlobo izinhlamvu, imicibisholo oda izinombolo kuyadingeka kuphela yokwehlukanisa flowchart enemininingwane.

Afanayo nokwakhiwa algorithm

Amalungu afanayo iqoqo uhlobo olufanayo ulwazi lilondolozwe elandelanayo inkumbulo amaqoqo futhi igama lesihloko elivamile. amaseli maKristu abizwa 'izakhi kohlelo. " Zonke amaqoqo zibaliwe ukuze. Le nombolo ubizwa ngokuthi "Inkomba timphawu afanayo". Kanjani ukwakha umdwebo ukugeleza ngoba njalo kwesimiso esinjalo? Cabanga ngesibonelo sika-ukudalwa algorithm for aphansi afanayo eyodwa-ntathu hlobo. Uhlelo elula evamile umbono umugqa. Chaza igama afanayo - "A". Sicabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwethu siqukethe amaseli ayisishiyagalombili (1 kuya ku-8). Ngamunye amaqoqo wathi yakhiwa inombolo engahleliwe, okuthiwa "afanayo isici". Ukuze ufinyelele yeseli esithile kumele icacise igama e kubakaki ([3]). Cabangela lesi sibonelo lapho idayagramu block amalungu afanayo kuhloswe ukugcwalisa uhlelo ngezinombolo okungahleliwe nolwazi ke outputting esikrinini. Kuyini i algorithm? Lolu hlelo aphansi. Eqinisweni, alinaso ngokoqobo, Nokho, kuyasiza inqubo yokufunda. Kubhekwe wesifunda block (isibonelo ukwakhiwa kuchaziwe ngezansi) sicuketse izakhi eziyinhloko eziyisikhombisa kuphela exhunywe ukuhwebelana imigqa.

Incazelo ukulandelana imisebenzi

1. isici sokuqala kohlelo kuyoba uphawu "The Beginning".

2. yesibili iyunithi - "Inqubo", kanti lokhu kuhambisana ngaphakathi "Ukuqalisa okungahleliwe».

3. ingxenye elandelayo - "ukuguqulwa" ubizwa wangena ukubaluleka array lamaseli block.

4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana umsebenzi predetermined uqondiswe olandelayo block "inqubo", lapho ukwelashwa kunikezwa ethile amaqoqo uhlelo olukhombisa ukulinganiselwa izinombolo okungahleliwe in the uhla kusuka zero kuya eziyikhulu. Ukulandela ukubuyiselwa operation block lwesithathu, futhi ngalo - ngaphezulu ngosuku lwesihlanu.

5. Kule block "Ukulungiswa" ngokuvumelana umsebenzi elalibhalwe is kabusha ingxenye elandelayo.

6. "Isiphetho" ukhiqiza ulwazi isibonisi mayelana okuqukethwe afanayo entsha e qapha, kulandele isiqondiso block odlule. Okulandelayo - kungxenye yokugcina.

7. "Qeda" ye-algorithm.

Ngesisekelo idayagramu block izingxenye zohlelo, ezizohlinzeka umsebenzi ethulwa algorithm.

"Hlela Block Umdwebo"

Uma uyazibuza mayelana nendlela ukudala ngempambano, kufanele wazi ukuthi kukhona izinhlelo ezikhethekile ukuthi zenzelwe dala uphinde uhlele lezi zinhlelo. Elula elwa sokuqhafaza algorithm ukuthi umsebenzisi ungaboshwa ethize ulimi lokwakha-syntax. Yakhelwe ukusebenza ngempambano ngokulinganayo efanelekayo ngazo zonke izilimi (isib C, Pascal, BASIC, njll). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhleli ingasetshenziswa charting namacebo yokuqinisekisa operability. Lolu hlelo iyi-software ezikhethekile. Inikeza isethi olungafani amathuluzi adingekayo ekwakheni flowchart, okwenza kube lula kakhudlwana, uma kuqhathaniswa ezivamile abahleli isithombe. Izinketho ezingeziwe zikuvumela ukuba nokwandisa inqubo ekubhaleni uhlelo nge ukuguqulwa wayo e imisebenzi kanye nezinqubo ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhleli ukusebenza ngempambano inikeza iqoqo izifanekiso ezingaba kakhulu ekusheshiseni umsebenzi imfundamakhwela umsebenzisi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa algorithm ngokuvamile izakhiwo okuphindayo kusetshenziswa, isibonelo, ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha imijikelezo, izindlela (okuphelele futhi akuphelele), amagatsha amaningi, kanye nokunye. Isihleli ivumela ukwaba sisetshenziswe ukugeleza amashadi izingxenye bese wengeza kubo kulombhalo elakhiwe. Lokhu kusindisa nawe ekusondeleni kwabo kusuka ekuqaleni isikhathi ngasinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, besebenzisa umhleli, ungakwazi ukungenisa imisebenzi kanye nezinqubo tingeniswe nobe ngasiphi ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo ezaziwayo. Lokhu kukhetha wusizo yokwehlukanisa algorithm isakhiwo, okulotshiwe ulimi engajwayelekile. Izimfuneko zesistimu zohlelo ngaphansi okubheka ngempela nesizotha, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha siqu.

isiphetho

Kufinyeta, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isikimu eningiliziwe algorithm ngokwakha akusebenzi. Njengoba zingekho ezithakazelisayo njengoba incazelo yenqubo. Okuhle kakhulu, vimba imidvwebo Site ukuqeqeshwa Wabasaqalayo abangamazi kanjani ukucabanga algorithmically. Okuphakamisiwe ngesikhathi sakhe kanye izinto zokuqukethwe kwakho kwakufanele ephezulu lelulwimi, ihlanganise izitatimende umshini olimini ngamaqembu ahlukene. Okwamanje, element ngayinye ingcaca uhambelana nethiwekhi kuphela. Ngakho waba uphawu okungahleliwe, futhi okubaluleke - umsebenzi yize umdwebo, lapho ungase ukwazi khona kalula senqabe. Namuhla ngisho babe eziphindaphindekayo umugqa ukuhwebelana, kusukela opharetha ngamunye sesichaziwe vele. Eqinisweni, ukwakhiwa sokuqhafaza sokunqoba algorithm enkulu kunokukwenza. Unicode anolwazi ngaphambi kokubhala uhlelo akuvamile ugwala idayagramu block. Lapho ejwayelekile yenhlangano kudinga algorithm sokuqhafaza ke uyipende emva kokuphothulwa umsebenzi.