Karl Liebknecht: Biography, indaba yokuphila, izimpumelelo feat

Wayengumuntu eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II wazama ukuhlanganisa sabasebenzi emzabalazweni usongo olusondelayo sisondela ngokungenakuvinjelwa. Wayengumuntu iphini kuphela emhlanganweni we Reichstag wavumelana nalokho yokwaba izimali kuhulumeni German njengoba liqhubeka nokusebenza yalwa France, Russia nase-England. Nguye owasungula we-German Communist Party. Ukuze imiboniso yakhe emelene nohulumeni nezikhalazo emelene nempi ukuthi wabulala amalungu sakhe party. Lokhu wamavukelambuso ngesibindi ngokwethembeka, abalwela ukuthula nobulungisa, ngokuthi Karl Liebknecht.

Biography: Ngubani Karl Liebknecht

Wazalwa ngo-August 13, 1871 ku Leipzig (Germany). Uyise wayengumGreki abadumile wamavukelambuso Wilhelm Liebknecht, owadala German Social-Democratic Party, kanye abadumile ngokulinganayo Agasti Bebel. uyise kukaKarl wayengumngane Marx no Engels. Indodana yakhe wayiqamba ngokuthi ngemva lokuqala comrades ngenhla.

Mangisho ukuthi uKarl Liebknecht kusukela ebuntwaneni kwaba imihlangano abasebenzi '. Wakhulela kaMarx uyaqiniseka. Karl wafunda amanyuvesi Berlin and Leipzig, ngenxa okuyinto waba ummeli kakhulu. Iphupho lakhe zagcwaliseka - waqala ukuvikela izithakazelo kanye namalungelo izinkantolo abasebenzi.

Ukuqala imisebenzi wamavukelambuso

Ngo-1900, noKarla Libknehta yaba ilungu Social Democratic Party. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 enkantolo German wenza njengoba ummeli evikela amalungu eqembu German kanye isiRashiya, babesolwa ngokuchema emthethweni ukulethwa cross-border of izincwadi ezivinjelwe. Khona-ke, enkulumweni yakhe, wagxeka Inqubomgomo yoshushiso wokuhlasela ngakho wajaha isimo Prussian-isiJalimane, futhi Russian umbuso tsarist ngentshiseko.

Karl Liebknecht kunalokho ngokucijile kuqhathaniswa amaqhinga ashisekela izinguquko wajaha emibuthanweni kwesokudla-wing abaholi Social Democratic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naye bagxila wonke amandla akhe ze antimilitarist nokuqhuba izifundo umsebenzi wezombangazwe phakathi kwentsha.

Ngo-1904, i-German Bremen, ingqungquthela ye-Social Democratic Party. Ngaleso sikhathi, wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi obani Karl Liebknecht. Wanikeza inkulumo somlilo lapho kusobala ukuthi kuchazwe impi njengoba omunye izinqaba main capitalism emhlabeni. Wasikisela uhlelo esikhethekile inkulumo-ze emelene-impi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kwakunguye owayehola Initiator of ukudalwa intsha izinhlangano zomphakathi-yeningi ukubandakanya amavidyo fresh bacabangisise zonke impi ezikhulayo.

Indlela izenzakalo eRussia

Yenguquko 1905-1907, eyenziwa on ensimini of the Empire, isiRashiya, bayaluzisa sonke yeYurophu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Karl Liebknecht - a German ngokuzalwa, baqala lo mcimbi eside elindelwe futhi wabonisa obala ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwabo kulesi simo. Ngo-1905, ku-Social Democrats Jena Congress, wazihlanganisa impi zezombusazwe kanye zokubukezwa, ngokusemthethweni wamemezela kutelekwa zezombusazwe eyodwa yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu emzabalazweni yesigaba sabasebenzi amalungelo abo.

Ngakusasa ukusebenza ukuthusa Liebknecht waqala Diatribe yakhe ngaleso Mannheim Party Congress. Lapha ephinde wagxeka inqubomgomo kahulumeni isiJalimane usizo kuhulumeni tsarist Russian ku pacification ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Ekugcineni, wanxusa Bakwethu lwakhe ukulandela isibonelo sabasebenzi Russian futhi baqala ofanayo, kodwa ezweni lakubo.

Kumiswa ukugeleza kwesokunxele

Kwakuphakathi inguquko Russian ku-German Social Democracy kancane kancane yahlukana kwaba amakamu amabili. Iqembu lahlelwa ngoba ngakwesobunxele. Omunye umholi walo main, ezifana Roza Lyuksemburg nabanye, baba uKarl Liebknecht. Ngo-1907, waba phakathi kwalabo abathintekayo ekudalweni ye-Socialist International, intsha, futhi eminyakeni 3 elilandelayo owengamela inhlangano.

Akubuzwa, ukuthi wamavukelambuso Libknehta noKarla biography, izinsuku ezisemqoka kanye nemicimbi okuyinto babeshintshana ngesivinini, ayikwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle ukuboshwa isiqephu? Ngo-1907, wagwetshwa ukuba agqunywe inqaba ngemva kokuba wethule inkulumo yakhe engqungqutheleni yokuqala owanikhipha ndawonye abamele intsha izinhlangano sezenhlalo ezivela emazweni amaningana.

Lé phezulu

Biography zezombusazwe Libknehta noKarla baqhubeka ngo-1908, lapho abaqokelwe Prussian Chamber of amaphini. Kwamthatha iminyaka emine. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, idumela lakhe liye landa kangangokuba waze kakade wawuyingxenye zamaphini we Reichstag German. Ngo-1912, ngesikhathi esilandelayo party Congress emzini Chemnitz, waziveza obala ngokuthi sabasebenzi ukuqinisa ubumbano ngamazwe, ngoba wayekubheka njengelungelo ithuluzi enkulu nilwe impi ezikhulayo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kusuka ngisesiteji ePhalamende Karl Liebknecht osolwa Krupp nabanye abaholi ngasekhanda we ayitholwa lempi fomenting impi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokuba Okokuqala Umhlaba (1914 - 1918), Liebknecht, naphezu izinkolelo zabo ezijulile, bonke balalela isinqumo esithathwe iningi amalungu Social Democratic iqembu kule Reichstag. Waze zavotela uthwebule credits impi, kodwa ngokushesha baqaphela iphutha lakhe. Wayezimisele ulungise leli phutha, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga 4 ayenakho ithuba.

feat wamavukelambuso

Ekuqaleni kuka-December 1914, emhlanganweni ejwayelekile ye Reichstag German. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi mhla Ihholo laligcwele phama. Zonke amabhentshi uhulumeni kwakuhlezi. Bahlala ojenene, ongqongqoshe, izikhulu. Usihlalo wamemezela ukuqala uvotela credits impi. Lokhu kufanele kusho ukuthi Reichstag avumela uhulumeni lakhipha impi ngokumelene France, Russia nase-England.

Akekho wahlangabezana ukuthi kuncane ukuthi abasephalamende bazo zonke izinhlangano uvotela lesi sinqumo njengoba ngazwi linye njengoba Agasti 4, t. E., Ngaphandle kokukhetha kwamaphini, kuhlanganise 110 Democrats social. Kodwa kukhona okwenzeka okwenza akekho owayecabanga. Zonke Amalungu ePhalamende wasukuma, ebonisa ukuthi ubunye baso, uyedwa lahlala ehlezi esikhundleni sakhe. Igama lakhe kwakungu-Karl Liebknecht.

Nguye kuphela ngesikhathi kuqhathaniswa credits ngezinjongo ezempi. Esitatimendeni elilotshiwe, elinezibonelo yanikwa usihlalo Reichstag, wanikeza incazelo impi Unleashed okuyinto ngokucacile ngokuthi nolaka. Ngokushesha ngemva kwale dokhumenti kwakusakazwa ngendlela engekho emthethweni ngesimo amapheshana.

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kwakunzima kanjani ukuvotela Liebknecht yedwa ngokumelene zonke izinhlangothi wobunxiwankulu lakhe, elimalungu alo ifike ekhashelwa isigaba sabasebenzi. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kodwa kwavele kwaba yize ngempela feat noKarla Libknehta, kusukela emva ukuvota yakhe ngesikhathi yena ngentukuthelo ehlaselwa abaholi German Social Democrats, ngubani kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi babehlangene uhulumeni German. inkulumo yakhe ephalamende wavusa lonke elaseYurophu. Enkulumweni yakhe owayezofika lenqwaba izinhlamvu ngemikhonzo futhi amazwi ukwesekwa.

ukudumala

Ngokushesha ngaphambi Okokuqala Umhlaba Liebknecht wavakashela France. Elapho, wabeka inkulumo lapho wabiza izisebenzi ukuba babe nobunye futhi enza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze kuvinjelwe impi eyayiza. Kodwa njengoba wazi, ke akusebenzanga. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, cishe wonke amaqembu sezenhlalo babe amambuka ngobugwala, ngaphandle koyedwa - KwamaBolshevik. Ngesikhathi kuqala impi, kuphela isikhundla salo olunezimiso uhlala ingashintshiwe kuze kube sekupheleni.

Liebknecht wathukuthela wagan 'udumazeke ukuthi iqembu lakhe ngokuhlazisayo eyabeka imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, akazange uyothatha isinyathelo ngokumelene nabo kuleli ephalamende ngo-August 4, ngoba ngangicabanga ukuthi isibopho sami abanamathela inhlangano isiyalo. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa iphutha esingenakuthethelelwa, wakulungisa ivoti lakhe ngemuva kwezinyanga 4.

frontline ubunzima

By the way, uhulumeni ngeke ukuthethelela Liebknecht lokuvota yakhe emhlanganweni we Reichstag. Yena wajeziswa, singayiswa empini, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi wayesefile kakade eminyakeni 44. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela ubudala, kodwa futhi isimo sakhe sempilo kwakusobala kangangokuthi wabekela sasingekho isidingo sokulalela ukugqugquzela. Phela, ngisho isihloko nesekela akaphinda wamsiza.

Ngesikhathi phambi Liebknecht wakhonza njengombonisi isosha Battalion zabasebenzi. Lapha, wenza wonke umsebenzi ezingcolile futhi kanzima, kodwa, njengoba ubufakaza ngokungashwampuluzi ofakazi, wayehlale bejabule futhi ngeke ulahlekelwe inhliziyo.

Ukushonelwa umngane wamavukelambuso

Ngemva kokubuya ngaphambili, Liebknecht, kanye yakhe abanazo u- Rosa Luxemburg wahlanganyela inhlangano "uSpartacus", okuyinto lenzeka Januwari 1916. Uthatha i imisebenzi anti-impi asebenzayo. Ngenxa yalesi waxoshwa Social Democratic iqembu kuleli ephalamende. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kusukela ngisesiteji we Reichstag Liebknecht ngambiza sabasebenzi German ukuya Meyi 1, ukuboniswa, ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi "Phansi nge-impi!" Futhi "Basebenzi wonke amazwe, hlanganani!"

Ngalesi ukuboniswa Liebknecht ngambiza bonke ababambiqhaza yezingodo uhulumeni, okuyinto, ngokusho kwakhe, iyimpi olunegazi futhi ezingenangqondo nezilimazayo lingabacindezeli. Ukuze izitatimende alibheke enjalo Liebknecht waboshwa futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka emine ejele. Phakathi nokuvalelwa, ezwa ukunqoba kwe-Okthoba Revolution eRussia futhi wathatha izindaba ngomdlandla, ngaleso sikhathi eyayibizwa ngokuthi amasosha aseJalimane akazange iqhaza ukucindezelwa yayo.

Ngo-October 1918, Libnehta ejele, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ngaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe izinguquko. Lo mholi wezombusazwe akwazile ngokumelene inqubomgomo ekhohlisayo zabaholi Social Democratic Party. Nguye, kanye u- Rosa Luxemburg kulowo mhlangano owasungula Berlin, ezenzeka kusukela ngo ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1918, wasungula German Communist Party.

Ngo-January 1919, kwaba khona ukuvukela emelene nohulumeni, okwakubekelwa eliholwa Libkneht Karl. izinsuku ezisemqoka futhi izenzakalo ekuphileni kwakhe, kusukela ebusheni bakhe kuqhubeke, abangu atehlukaniseki ukuze imisebenzi wamavukelambuso, ngakho Social Democrats akuzona ngaphandle isizathu, wesaba ukuthi izenzo ezinjalo namakholi kungaholela ekuqaleni kwempi yombango e-Germany. Yaqala ukuphishekela abaholi lamaKhomanisi. Namakhanda Liebknecht futhi eLuxemburg babe umvuzo ayizinkulungwane 100. Izitembu. Januwari 15 ngomyalo ilungu party wangaphambili, Social Democrat G. Noske, bona ababoshwa futhi babulawa.