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Pontian amaGreki - ubani lo? Umlando Pontic amaGreki

Pontian amaGreki - kummeleli ngesiGreki ethnos, okungokwendlela abantu eside ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe enkathini entsha kahle coast Black Sea (ngesiGreki - ePhontu). Ekuqaleni, isiphetho sabo compact kwaba esogwini olusenyakatho ye-Turkey, futhi kuphela ke babendlala wonke oLwandle Olumnyama.

Pontic amaGreki - ayini?

Pont - igama zomlando kwendawo -Asia Minor. Ayisebenzi, ke osuka emngceleni wama Azerbaijan waseTurkey, kweqa lonke ugu Turkish futhi iphela ngo imizi umugqa Nikopol - Akdagma Denis. akazange izifiki ngesiGreki Zazinjani kangaka iziqhingi libalele yezwe lenkaba yawo?

AmaGreki asendulo esungulwe ngokwabo njengoba abahwebi kakhulu futhi abanikazi bamakoloni. Ikhaya labo ezweni kwahluka inhlabathi kancane futhi ngesimo sendawo enezintaba. Lokhu zadala isimo esihle lemfuyo, kodwa abalimi babengenakwenza nezikhathi ezinzima - olungaphelele nenhlabathi sezintaba alethwe isitshalo esincane, owawungumnyaka ngokulambisa eyanele ukuba zondle imikhaya yabo. Njengoba abanikazi abashisekayo, amaGreki engazange asungule ukulima elidume ezingenanzuzo, kodwa wathola amathemba izinsiza zasemanzini kanye imizila yezohwebo.

imizila yezohwebo

Pontian amaGreki - itilosi kanye abadayisi. Wayengumuntu isivakashi wamukelekile nhlobo osebeni ecumene. AmaGreki ngenkuthalo ukutshala ukuthuthukiswa iviyo lalo lemikhumbi yempi, wabeka kwemizila emisha ye-trade nezinhlanga ezikude. Kuyinto emkhakheni imikhiqizo isitoreji uvele encane nemizana amatilosi abathengisi babehilelekile ukuhweba endaweni nge abantu bomdabu kanye zidayiselwe ngemali emba eqolo izimpahla exotic emizini Greece, e-Asia Minor naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

idolobha lokuqala

Lesi sivumelwano njengomthombo omdala kunayo yonke Pontic amaGreki ezitholakala ogwini lwase-Asia Minor, emzini eSamo naseMilethu. A amashumi ambalwa eminyaka, VIII-IX eminyaka BC. e. kwakukhona Sinop esikhulu, okungekho manje iparele we-Turkish Black Sea coast. Khona-ke, like amakhowe emva kwemvula iliphi idolobha Amissos, Kotior, Kerasund nabanye abaningi. UHerodotus sidilizwa Shono bethi Pontic Kwakuhlala amaGreki kulo emhlabeni woLwandle Olumnyama, njengoba amaxoxo emaphethelweni we amaxhaphozi. Lesi sifaniso sibonisa ngokunembile yezinhloso nezindlela Izindawo AmaGreki.

Naphezu ikoloni kunalokho awayiphazamisi, akukho izibhelu ezinkulu ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala akuzange kwenzeke. Pontic amaGreki wayekwazi ukukhuluma abomdabu nenkani hhayi ngenkani, kodwa by uhlobo. izinqubomgomo okunjalo negate okushiwo abaholi babantu bendawo - uma umuntu engakuthandi abavela kwamanye amazwe uncamela asule, hhayi ukulwa. Pontic amaGreki kusungulwa exchange elikhulu lezimpahla - ekhaya, ukuthi liphethe izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezitshalo, futhi waya emzini okude wathumela amafutha omnqumo, iwayini, zobumba kanye yezandla, ubucwebe.

Inkolo lesiko Ponta

Kwakungenzeka kanjani ubufakazi obuqinisekisa kokuhlala kwawo ekhaya ummeleli ajwayelekile abantu basendulo - Pontic amaGreki? Inkolo lezifiki ngokuyisisekelo ikopishwe izinkolelo ezweni elikude. Bakhonza izithixo zonke obuphakeme Olympus, kodwa babengenamduduzi izintandokazi zabo.

Kuze kube manje, ogwini-Asia Minor aziyona izinsalela Nethempeli Poseidon noHermesi - abavikela zolwandle ukuhweba. Pontic amaGreki kwadingeka amasiko lemilayo yabo leyabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi babo wakhetha ukuchaza zabo ngomsuka inganekwane Jason kanye Argonauts. Mhlawumbe Fleece Golden kakhulu leli siko abadumile kwakufanekisela ingcebo esifundeni Black Sea okufanayo semvu (uboya) - yezinto eyinhloko yezohwebo.

Amasiko Art

Pontic amaGreki ngomhawu igcinwe bona nezinhloso zabo yazibeka Hellene omele impucuko, kunokusebenza bakhona - izizwe ezizungezile, ngubani ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona lapho besanda yokubola uhlelo zamaKhosi. Inani labantu base-amakoloni ukuba silondoloze uphawu yabo futhi wanika emhlabeni abantu esiyingqayizivele, eyaduma emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Isazi sefilosofi uDiogenes, inqubomgomo Diphilus Heracleides, Stravon. Kakade nenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka emfundisweni yenkolo uvele amagama Vissarion nabanye, futhi amagama amasha nesikhathi esinikelwe ezifana Karatzas, Ypsilanti, Muruzisov nabanye.

Ngokuya kwezinkathi zomlando

Phakathi nenkathi Aleksandra Makedonskogo ukusakaza ithonya ngesiGreki eningizimu Turkey - inkathi Hellenization. Ngo wokubusa Mithridates leli thonya lwalusaqinile ngisho nangemva kakhulu - e-Asia Minor, baphumelela ngolimi lwabo, wadala ezikhumbuzo izakhiwo kanye art.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla yoMbuso WaseRoma baba Christian Pontic namaGreki. Ngenxa Abaphostoli uPawulu noPetru bathi abameleli empumalanga abantu aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala usethe imiphakathi wamaKristu okuqala futhi wavuma ukuthi uJesu Kristu njengoMsindisi wabo. Imiphakathi ziye zathola zezindela, lapho bakhosele Abasekeli lolu kholo olusha.

AmaGreki noma amaRoma?

Ezikhathini WaseByzantium le Pontic amaGreki wadala esifundazweni yabo siqu. Ngomyalo wabaholi uJustinian waba inhloko-dolobha yakwa-Trebizond (Trabzon). Khona manjalo, kwama yesibili self-Pontic amaGreki - Roma, okusho ukuthi "izakhamuzi waseRoma" - ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi uMbuso WaseByzantium eMpumalanga.

Nobudlelwane "muzi-sifundazwe" abopha ePhontu naseConstantinople kuze 1204, lapho inhloko-dolobha yase-Eastern kokuwa koMbuso WamaRoma ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa zamaJalimane. Ngemva le mephu livela saseNicene State, okuyinto wafakwa kamuva uMbuso ka Trebizond. Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili khona, uMbuso njalo ukulwa izizwe ezizungezile ukholo akuzona ezobuKristu. Ikakhulukazi ehlaselwa kakhulu uhulumeni zamaRoma abaseTurkey, okwathi ngo 1461 anqotshwe futhi aphanga Trebizond.

libuse Muslim

Ukuthunjwa Trebizond kwakusho kwelanga kanye ekuqaleni kobuKristu, ukusabalala Islam ezweni Pontian kwamaGreki asendulo kwezempi. Ukubulawa, ubudlova, ezimpini kanye ophoqelelwe Islamization ngaphansi ubuhlungu yokungeneliseki zokuphila - yilokho ulilethele ngesiGreki umthetho Turkish. Abasinda washiya umuzi, amadlelo futhi isonto futhi zayiswa ezintabeni ngenxa yokwesaba ukushushiswa ngokwenkolo. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo, iziphathimandla Turkish wenza nenye futhi bavunyelwe amaGreki ukuthuthukisa uhlobo oluthile ukukhiqizwa - yokusansimbi futhi izitsha zobumba, isibonelo.

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka Pontic amaGreki wahlala omunye izizwe inyumbazane ngaso sonke Turkish Empire. Bona cishe musa abaphila namanye amaKristu, kodwa waphila Armenia futhi Kurds. ukukhiqizwa Thobekile, wezandla kanye kwesivuno ubala, eqoqwe kusukela sezintaba, umhlaba nenzalo, akazange zidonse ukunaka kwanoma ojenene abahahayo nezikhulu Ephakeme Turkish. Mhlawumbe yilesi sizathu esenza amaGreki ukulondoloza ngolimi lwabo namasiko, ukunweba indawo yokuhlala yabo eCaucasus esifundeni kanye eCrimea, bese ujoyina umphakathi zephasi ngokukhanyiselwa ezizimele emalungelo eluntfu.

Lokhu eziyimbangela kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1922, ngesikhathi amaGreki zaxoshwa emazweni awo, lapho kubhekwa izihlobo zabo iminyaka.

ukuxoshwa

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, iziphathimandla Turkish asilazi kohlanga nokushushiswa Armenia. Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili ashushiswa nezinye izizwe-Turkish, kuhlanganise Pontian namaGreki. Kohlanga namaqembu ezinhlanga kuye kwaholela wokuqeda ephelele amaGreki izwe lazo lendabuko kanye kokuxoshwa kwabo ngenkani kusukela ensimini ka Turkey. Angaphezu kuka-350 eziyinkulungwane. Abantu zishe emasontweni namathempeli, abasindile wabaleka, walahla konke ababenakho. Meyi 19 kwakuwusuku edabukisayo kulesisizwe. Ngenxa yalokho, Pontian Kwakuhlala amaGreki kulo kulezi zindawo nezinye izifundazwe. Ngakho baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo.

Pontic amaGreki eRussia esezinzile Insimu Kuban neNorth eCaucasus. Iningi bekhuluma isiRashiya, kodwa agcinwayo amasiko wabantu bakhe basendulo. Kodwa iningi Pontic amaGreki wabuyela ugu abahlala bomdabu yaseGrisi.

Ngakho, ngemva 2.5 yeminyaka emva lezifiki zokuqala kwesokunxele ogwini olunamadwala Greece, kwadingeka baphindele e-emizini yabo. zifuduka yaphela nge ukubuya ezweni lakubo. Sibafisela injabulo.

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