Kazan ezibiyele, Tatarstan: incazelo, umlando, izakhiwo

Ezweni lethu izindawo eziningi kangaka ezithakazelisayo futhi ongasoze ukuthi ukuze ubabone bonke, ukuphila akwanele. Namuhla siyakuya Tatarstan. Ngokomlando, okuyinto inama dolobha ye-republic - Kazan ezibiyele, ingxenye endala yedolobha, isakhiwo eziyingqayizivele izikhumbuzo zomlando, ngemivubukulo kanye yezakhiwo ezembula umlando omude wesizwe Tatar abantu, umuzi wasendulo kanye nasezweni lonke.

Yonke eziyinkimbinkimbi manje Museum-Reserve, okuyinto kusukela 2000 ngaphansi kwesivikelo UNESCO. Kazan ezibiyele (Tatarstan) - ukukhangana main weRiphabhulikhi. On the nsimu enkulu ngokuvumelana isiTatar amasiko Russian.

Kazan ezibiyele: umlando, izakhiwo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala sentaba lapho namuhla itholakala the Kremlin yaqala emakhulwini eminyaka amaningi adlule. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, komnikazi siqala X leminyaka, futhi kakade ekhulwini XII, ezibiyele baba eliqaphile of emngceleni osenyakatho ka Bulgaria we iVolga. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIII kwaba maphakathi Kazan ezibiyele ubukhulu iGolden zidlamlilo, futhi kamuva - yaseKazan Khanate.

Ngemva Kazan sathathwa amatutu Ivan le Kubi, iningi izakhiwo ezibiyele abangu ezicekeleke phansi cishe wonke amathempeli. Inkosi yayala ukwakha lapha itshe elimhlophe ezibiyele, futhi kulokhu ithunyelwe kusuka Pskov abaklami ngubani elalizokwakhiwa e Moscow St Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Fortress sanwetshwa kakhulu, futhi izinqaba lokhuni kwathathelwa indawo itshe engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVII.

Ekhulwini XVIII, Kazan ezibiyele (Tatarstan) ilahlekelwe umsebenzi alo ezempi futhi waba isikhungo samasiko nezokuphatha iVolga esifundeni. Ekhulwini elandelayo ezakhiwa lapho Palace likahulumeni, ubusosha esikoleni, endlini sombhishobhi, isigungu sabefundisi ezingokomoya, endaweni esemthethweni isakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Cathedral of the Annunciation lalungiswa.

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution (1917) e-Kazan ezibiyele babhujiswa umbhoshongo isikhencezo Cathedral of the Annunciation, ithempeli Spassky Monastery, yesonto ngesikhathi Spassky Tower kanye nezinye izinto eliyingqayizivele. Ngo nineties we XX leminyaka Kazan ezibiyele (RT) kwaba yokuhlala uMongameli weRiphabhliki. Ngalesi sikhathi, saqala umsebenzi emikhulu sokubuyiselwa.

Kusukela ngo-1995, kwaqala umsebenzi ukwakhiwa mosque Kul Sharif. Namuhla uyisikhonzi enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu. Kazan ezibiyele (Tatarstan) - isibonelo esiyingqayizivele olugqamile synthesis isiTatar Russian isitayela yezakhiwo. Kuphinde futhi kube iphuzu enyakatho ukusabalala bamasiko amaSulumane emhlabeni.

Namuhla, izivakashi eziningi ezivela emhlabeni wonke vakashela Tatarstan. Ukuganukeja weRiphabhulikhi, elibangela ngabomvu - yaseKazan Kremlin. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuze ahlole konke izikhungo zayo, kuzodinga okungenani izinsuku ezimbili, futhi ukuvakasha kuphela ihlala isigamu sehora. Kodwa njengoba sikhuluma ngolunye ayigcini, ukubona izinto ezibiyele ngesikhathi ngaphezulu.

izindawo ezibiyele

Kazan ezibiyele (Tatarstan) - Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe-Reserve, ahlanganise indawo engaba 13,45 amahektha. izindonga ipherimitha - ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 1.8 amamitha. On kule nsimu yabo enkulukazi elise WWII Memorial Museum, i-Museum of Islamic Center "Hermitage-Kazan ', Museum of History yaseTatarstan nezinye izikhungo.

Spasskaya umbhoshongo

Kulesi umbhoshongo kukhona amasango eziyinhloko Kremlin. Architects Shiryai futhi Yakovlev wakha isiqongo sokulinda e 1556. Ukuphakama kulendlu - 47 amamitha. Kumila sikwele emnyango ngqo arched. uqimba octagonal uye arched nokusulwa ohlangothini ngalunye futhi belfry lapho insimbi alamu.

Isebangeni phezu isitini Isigaxa, okuyinto amaHubo bugcizelelwa inkanyezi ezinhlanu olucijile. Kwenye futhi inqubo Isigaxa octagonal elise iwashi yesiteleka. Badumisa yaseKazan ezibiyele (Tatarstan). Abathandwayo kudivayisi amawashi kuqala, okuyinto efakiwe ekhulwini XVIII, abanesifiso abaculi abaningi bezinye izizwe ukwenza amalungiselelo anjalo. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi iwashi iye yahlela engavamile kakhulu - imicibisholo emhlabeni fixed ukushintshanisa Ukudayela.

A Analogue bendabuko ngabo washintsha ngo 1780. Amawashi, okuyinto zitholakala ku ezindongeni Spasskaya Tower namuhla, kwamiswa ngo-1963. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nge ukuqala impi Chime white walls kancane kancane ababethi njengegazi ocebile.

amahhovisi kahulumeni

Wesifundazwe ehhovisi project akhiwa umakhi YaseMoscow VI Kaftyrev. Lesi sakhiwo, uvele eNkantolo ezibiyele ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Kwakukhona Abasebenzi (reception) kanye namakamelo ophilayo ngoba umbusi umndeni. Eyesibili phansi Sekubekwe eceleni okwesikhathi zikanokusho sobukhosi igumbi abahlabeleli-orchestra. Ngesikhathi indawo lapho xv-XVII amakhulu eminyaka egcekeni EnguMbusi sika, yayakhiwe e phakathi guardhouse XIX leminyaka.

Namuhla, ezakhiweni wangaphambilini we-Office of the yangaphandle Relations uMnyango elise uMongameli iTatarstan, Central Ukhetho Commission kanye iNkantolo Arbitration.

Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo sezindela

Kazan ezibiyele, incazelo okuyinto kungabonakala cishe zonke izincwajana edolobheni, ezazidume ngokutshala enye into. Eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Kremlin indlu yezindela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngezinye isikhungo kwakhona izinsalela isimo Cathedral, elabhujiswa ngo-the eko kwekhulu XX. Phansi odongeni main lombhishobhi ungabona emhumeni ezincane, okuyinto kusukela 1596 bekulokhu endaweni yokungcwaba Kazan isimangaliso abasebenzi.

Ubuzalwane isakhiwo inomngcele eduze kocingo we sezindela. Ngo-1670, amaseli Izigodlo zakhiwa lapha. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, yayakhiwe igalari futhi endlini yengcebo. Church of St .. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, kanye Chamber of Archimandrite sise odongeni esentshonalanga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ibandla kabusha ngu-Alexander Schmidt e 1815. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi kuvuselelwa engaphansi kwekhulu XVI liyalondolozwa injalo yasekuqaleni.

esikoleni Military

On endaweni ezibiyele kuyinto enkundleni ukuthi lakhiwa ngaphambilini elalizokwakhiwa e Petersburg. Lesi sakhiwo lwenzelwe imisebenzi front-line. Namuhla inedlanzana Institute of Literature Art. Ibragimov. Ukuze enkundleni iyona umzimba esikoleni. It sidalwe wezakhiwo Pyatnitsky emabhalekisini le cantonments.

laliwukuphela kwesakhiwo etandleni izikhulu zempi ngo-1861, futhi kamuva ubusosha esikoleni lavulwa ngo-ke.

Kul-Sharif Mosque

Egcekeni lesikole iyona mosque enhle kakhulu edolobheni. nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey Four esingu phezulu esibhakabhakeni, anamanci mahlanu eziyisikhombisa amamitha. Umthamo lokhu isakhiwo elikhulu kubantu 1,500. Nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey zipendwe ngombala oluluhlaza, onikeza ukwakhiwa umfanekiso Akumangalisi elikhanyayo. Ngaphezu mosque, in the eziyinkimbinkimbi zibandakanya omkhulu evulekile umtapo-Museum ukushicilela isikhungo kanye imam abaphathi.

Oyindilinga encane sakhiwo esihle nge Dome oluluhlaza, etholakala eningizimu mosque - esiteshini umlilo, okuyinto stylistically ixhunyaniswe eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo. Kul-Sharif ukuthi ukusungulwa ngo-2005. Izimali i-ukwakhiwa kwalo eyanikelwa izakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi yenhloko-dolobha.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Lena isakhiwo endala itshe Kazan, okuyinto osekhona nanamuhla. Kwakuthinta abazinikele e 1562. Umklamo lombhishobhi usukela ukuthambekela Pskov, uVladimir, eMoscow kanye izakhiwo Ukraine. Makovytsya nangesigqoko, ubekwe izigaba uhlangothi 1736 kwathathelwa indawo ama. I Dome emaphakathi uyabulawa ku-Ukrainian isitayela Baroque.

Esikhathini engaphansi ethempelini eyinhloko emnyuziyamu zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni iVolga. A kancane okwengeziwe siyindlu ka umbhishobhi, elakhiwa ngo-1829 endaweni lapho ayekade esigodlweni ababhishobhi Kazan. Ucedzela Ensemble we sabefundisi. Lesi sakhiwo kabusha kusukela ezitebeleni Episcopal.

wezikhali egcekeni

Ahambisana Naleli mosque futhi isikole Cannon Yard Kunalokho, ebiyelwe wayo oseningizimu. Lena isakhiwo omdala eziyinkimbinkimbi - yayakhiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII. wezikhali ukukhiqizwa isitshalo waqala ukusebenza lapha ekhulwini XIX. Futhi ngonyaka odlule, liba lokubuyiselwa. Yaqala ukudalwa Museum weNkantolo Gun.

Namuhla kule eziyinkimbinkimbi ayeba nemibukiso unomphela, imfashini libonisa amaqoqo, ekamelweni ukusebenza. Eduze ebiyelwe eningizimu ungabona insalela isakhiwo brick esisekelweni itshe. Ngokwe nesenzakalo ukujula, le nto eyingxenye yazo inkathi le Khan Kremlin. Ngalezo zinsuku, lapho bakhela izindlu.

sombusi Mansion

Yakhiwa 1848 umbusi Kazan ne zasebukhosini ezivakashi udumo. Waqondisa umsebenzi KA Ton, ngubani ngomsebenzi wakhe emangalisayo ezaziwayo. Lona Church of Christ futhi Omkhulu ezibiyele Palace eMoscow. Ngalesi indawo kwakukhona lokuqala zesigodlo Khan.

Inguquko elihlobene ne-isonto esigodlweni phansi isigodlo yesibili. Wabizwa ngokuthi Vvedenskoj, walakha ekhulwini XVII. Ngaphakathi yesonto namuhla Museum of umlando isimo, futhi esigodlweni sombusi uhlala uMongameli yaseTatarstan nomkhaya.

umbhoshongo Syuyumbike

Lolu phawu Kazan. Umbhoshongo yethiwa lwesiTatar Queen. Inganekwane ethile ithi Ivan Grozny, owafunda mayelana Syuyumbike ubuhle, wathumela izithunywa Kazan nesihlongozo intombazane enhle ukuba babe indlovukazi eMoscow. Kodwa lezi zithunywa alethwe ukwenqaba ubuhle uyaziqhenya. Bethukutheliswe inkosi ashaqe Kazan. Le ntombazane waphoqeleka ukuba uvumelane isiphakamiso ku-internet Ivana Groznogo, kodwa isuke isihlale isikhathi abeke phambili isimo: izinsuku eziyisikhombisa emzini wema umbhoshongo, obude yadlula konke nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey ekhona.

Ivan Grozny akwazi ukufeza isifiso senkosikazi. Phakathi nedili lokuhalalisa Syuyumbike wathi ufuna ukuya uphonse sokuvalelisa shazi edorobheni lekhabo nge ukuphakama umbhoshongo kuphela lakhiwa. Akhwela platform engenhla ke behla.

Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga lesi sakhiwo kuyafana Borovitskaya umbhoshongo YaseMoscow Kremlin. Ngeshwa asinawo ukugcina idatha olunembile ku ukusungulwa ezindaweni ezithakazelisayo.

Umbhoshongo siqukethe eziyizitezi emihlanu, okuyinto ziyancipha ngosayizi. Izinga zokugcina - kuyinto octagons, okuyinto amaHubo bugcizelelwa itende ngesimo mbhoshongo octagonal ufushanisiwe futhi Spire nge ucezu. Kusukela embhoshongweni ukuze ukuphakama isakhiwo umhlabathi 58 amamitha. Ekhulwini leminyaka eledlule, sekube ezintathu kabusha, njengoba kwalotshwa umbhoshongo iconsi. Namuhla ukuphambuka kusuka capstan mpo kuyinto 1.98 metres.

Taynitskaya umbhoshongo

Ngezansi Syuyumbike elise Taynitskaya yokungena emasangweni. Leli gama wanikezwa kubo behlonipha isiboshwa, okuholela umthombo. Ngesikhathi Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi lalisetshenziswa abantu bakule ndawo. Ngaphambili, umbhoshongo wabizwa ngokuthi Nur-Ali. Izakhamuzi Russian lomuzi ngokuthi Muraleeva wakhe. It yasha ngesikhathi ibambe ezibiyele sika. Kwakuphakathi esangweni ukungena edolobheni, u-Ivan IV.

Umbhoshongo kwase kubuyiselwe, kukhona kodwa ngombala yezakhiwo senziwa ekhulwini XVII. Ngubani uqimba phezulu kuyinto cafe "Muraleevy esangweni."

Kazan ezibiyele: hambo, amanani, imodi wokusebenza

Izivakashi futhi bendawo Tourdesk ezibiyele ukumema ukungcebeleka ngokusebenzisa Museum-reserve, ephelezelwa abasebenzi professional. Tours baqhuba ngesiTatar, isiRashiya, isiJalimane, isiNgisi, isi-Turkish, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi.

Daily evulekile emnyango ngokusebenzisa Spassky umbhoshongo. Ngokusebenzisa Tainitzky umbhoshongo futhi kwenziwe emnyango Kazan ezibiyele (Tatarstan). Ivula amahora: ihlobo - kusukela 8:00 kuya 22:00, futhi ebusika - kuze kufinyelele 18:00.

Uhambo oluqondiswayo amaqembu abantu abayisithupha kuyinto ruble 1360. Nge iqembu labantu eziyisithupha - ruble 210 omdala ngayinye.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Kazan ezibiyele (Tatarstan), ikheli lapho - the Kremlin, 2, isendaweni ibhange kwesokunxele iVolga. Lapha ungakwazi ukushayela ibhasi № 6, 29, 37, 47, ebhasini № 4, 10, 1 no 18. Stop "cum", "Str. Bauman "noma esitimeleni - ayeke" ezibiyele ".