Kozelsk, Kaluga esifundeni: nokuzwa nesithombe

Kozelsk (Kaluga esifundeni) kuyinto komnikazi endala. It yasungulwa ngu lwamaSlav-vyatichi eminyaka engaba yishumi edlule. Settlement yayishiswa kabili - kokubili izikhathi phakathi ekuhlaseleni amaMongol. Esimweni sokuqala kwenzile Baty, ngubani ovinjezelwe Kozelsk amasonto ayisikhombisa. Lapho elithuma okwesibili kwashiswa ngomyalo Khan Almaty emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva.

Kaluga Region, Kozelsk. Uhlolojikelele

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, abakhileyo emzaneni wakhuthazelela ubunzima ethulwa kubo ukudalelwa. Ngemva kokubili ukushiswa Kozelsk (Kaluga esifundeni) ibuyiselwe naphezu izitha. Ngo-2009, wathola imiklomelo kusukela uMongameli we Russian Federation. Waba emzini enkazimulweni lempi.

Izici

Kozelsk (Kaluga esifundeni) itholakala ku-ibhange kwesokunxele Zhizry. Lomfula kuyinto owumthelela Oka. Kozel'sk elise 72 km kusuka Kaluga. Isimo sezulu ngempela omnene. Weather Kozelsk (Kaluga esifundeni) ekuqaleni kuka-September, libalele futhi efudumele. Temperature --20 degrees emini.

Imininingwane zomlando. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala

Ngasekuqaleni Kozelsk (Kaluga esifundeni) (isithombe it is okusesihlokweni esithi) kwaba ilungu Chernigov ubukhulu. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke kuhlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu XII. Mstislav Svyatoslavich kwaba iNkosana wokuqala Kozelsk. Wadutshulwa wabulawa empini amaMongol. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII, lo muzi waphinde kuvikelwa ngamasonto ayisikhombisa kusukela amatutu Batu Khan. Ngemva yayishisiwe. Kamuva edolobheni baba ingxenye Duchy of Karachevsky.

ukuqhubeka

Ekhulwini XIV Thithu Mstislavich Kozelskiy wathatha ekulweni ehlathini Shishevskom. Ngo 1480 edolobheni ezahlanganiswa Lithuania. Ngalesi sikhathi kwashiswa ngomyalo Khan Akhmat. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze ubuyele Casimir IV, ababengakholelwa ukuthumela in aid kwezinhloko zamaviyo zidlamlilo umkhankaso ngokuhlanganyela. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII Kozelsk waba edolobheni wesifunda. Wabe kwaba ingxenye yesifundazwe eMoscow. Kamuva it fanele kuze Kaluga yokubusa.

Ukuphila nenkathi yamaSoviet

Esikhathini 20s edolobheni muzi waba isikhungo wesifunda Suhinicheskogo County. Ngo-1944 Kozel'sk bajoyine Kaluga esifundeni. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili isiphetho ke kwakuhlezi abahlaseli German. Kamuva Arsenyevsky Kozelskaya-operation kwenziwa. City ezikhishwe Guards Cavalry Corps.

Izici ingqalasizinda

Kozelsk (Kaluga esifundeni) kuyinto edolobheni kuhle encane. Nokho, kukhona izindawo zokuhlala eziningi lapho izivakashi ungadla bahlale ubusuku. Phakathi komuzi inqwaba ehhotela izakhiwo. Phakathi kwabo:

1. "Indlu pilgrim".
2. "Hero".
3. "Kars".

Okwamanje, eziningi izivakashi ayeke kulezi zikhungo. Iningi lazo bafika edolobheni ukuvakashela Optina ehlane. Uma Ubuye eziyinkimbinkimbi ehhotela. Umuzi ine ezikhumbuzo eziningi zenkolo.

Sitolo sekudla lokuphekiwe kanye amathilomu

Ngo Kozelsk inqwaba izikhungo ezifana. Ukulandela isibonelo kwezinye izindawo kuleli zwe, kukhona futhi ugijimela version ayo cafe "Umhlangano". Gourments kufanele sibheke coffee shop "Rainbow" futhi ekamelweni lokudlela "Kozelsk". Abavakashi ungakwazi ukujabulela ukudla okumnandi ngamanani ezifanele.

Kozelsk. Optina (Kaluga esifundeni). Uhlolojikelele

I eziyinkimbinkimbi Isigodlo abadumile. isisekelo salo kuhlehlela emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Kamuva, waba omunye izikhungo ezingokomoya yeRussia. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX Isigodlo savalwa. Sekuyisikhathi eside yayisebenza njengenkantolo emnyuziyamu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia baphinde sezindela uqobo.

Imininingwane zomlando

Isigodlo itholakala amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka edolobheni. Ngo-1931, insimu yalo wethulwa iholide abantu. Gorky. Ngemva Lesakhiwo kabusha ngomyalo olukhethekile L. Beria. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba khona ekamu lokuhlushwa "Kozelsk-1." Nazi izinkulungwane zamasosha Polish bathunyelwa. Bagcinwa lapho usalindele exchange iziboshwa zempi phakathi eU.SSR eJalimane. La maphoyisa kwadingeka ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Nokho, ngonyaka wama-40, badutshulwe at Katyn. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili esigodlweni yaqala ukusebenza isibhedlela. Kamuva kwanqunywa ukusungula lapha iphuzu Ukuhlolwa-filtration amasosha, owayekade ekhululiwe ekuthunjweni. Ngo ngemva kwempi ke ukuvalelwa iyunithi lempi.

ezingokoqobo zamanje

Okwamanje, eziyinkimbinkimbi kwenziwe umsebenzi omkhulu ku ukubuyiselwa amasonto. Kube Kwenziwa ukuvuselelwa ukuphila Izigodlo. Manje eyinkimbinkimbi seliphinde laba yindawo pilgrimage. Minyaka yonke ke edonsela eziningi zamakholwa. Bathandaza, futhi isetshenziswa izinsalela abadala Optina.

imisebenzi kokubona ezihehayo

Manje eyinkimbinkimbi has amabandla ayisikhombisa. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Vvedensky Cathedral. Kuyinto esontweni eyinhloko yesigodlo. Akhiwe enhliziyweni eyinkimbinkimbi.
2. Ithempeli yokudumisa Kazan Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izindonga zayo ehlotshiswe nemidwebo eziningi.
3. Ithempeli yokudumisa uVladimir Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi edlule ke ibuyiselwe. Iphinde, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya ngenhla, egcinwe amandla ongcwele.
4. Ithempeli behlonipha uVenerable. Ilariona Velikogo. Itholakala ngaphandle eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ithempeli itholakala isakhiwo esifanayo njengoba Refectory ehhotela. Lapha ohlongakeleko begodu emasikweni emingcwabo wenziwa ubhapathizo.
5. Ithempeli yokudumisa uNina kaNkulunkulu "isinkwa Sporitelnitsa." Kutholwe endaweni asizayo of the complex.
6. Ithempeli yokudumisa isimo. Isakhiwo kwakhiwa indawo entsha. Ngaphambili, akukaze kube khona ithempeli. Kukhona futhi izinsalela saint.

Okwamanje, sezindela kubuyiselwa amathempeli amaningana. Ezinye zazo sezivele lingcweliswe. Ukuze Hermitage Izigodlo Grove itholakala. Manje izindela eziyishumi abahlala khona. Ukwambulwa kule ndawo ivaliwe izivakashi.

Ukukhethwa umzila kahle

Isigodlo Itholakala Kaluga esifundeni, amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka Kozelsk. Amabhasi asuke dolobha nsuku zonke. Aya metro station "Teply Stan". Nsuku zonke senzeka mayelana izindiza eziyishumi. Ibhasi lokuqala ihamba ngo 7:00. Ezinye zazo enze stop ngqo yesigodlo, kanti bonke abanye osilandelele sebhasi. Kusuka lapho kudingeka uthole ebhasini. En abagibeli umzila ukuchitha amahora angaba mahlanu. Ticket izindleko - azungeze 450 ruble.