Kukanjani ukuthweswa umqhele ka 'nesela umthetho "?

Ngobani kwezigcwelegcwele na? Kuyinto inhlangano ongaqondakali futhi iyingozi, hhayi nje phakathi emazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa kanjani ukuba abe ilungu ke? Uyini kwelokuvukela umbuso wase ukuthweswa umqhele?

Provenance

Lapho kwakukhona onjalo nobulelesi obuhleliweko, akekho ongasho. Kunzima umkhondo, ngisho, lapho benza le nkulumo. Wokugcotshwa kwelokuvukela umbuso wase - yokuqala imfihlo ku-Order of amasela, elite kanye nabaholi bezwe lobugebengu. Ngemva kwalokho, umuntu kumelwe abe nesibopho balondoloze ukuhleleka amakoloni nasematilongweni, ukwakha izigebengu ezintsha ukulahla ezimpilweni zeziboshwa abavamile. Eyokuqala "lomphangi yizicukuthwane" nokuthi "baba" kuzo zonke izigebengu - Mishka Jap, edume "Inkosi Odessa", kanye hero yaseSoviet yokuthuthela kulwiwa. Inombolo enkulukazi criminologists bakholelwa ukuthi izigebengu njengoba umlingisi uvele namathathu banesifo esibi.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi wokugcotshwa isela umthetho? Lolusiko kuhlehlela emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngemva kwempi, eHayidese isungule futhi lwaqina, agcwaliswa ezinhlwini zayo ochwepheshe-abaholi. Inqubomgomo izisebenzi bekulokhu optic iqine ngempela. Wokugcotshwa isela - it unesibopho, okufanelekelayo ukuba lolu dumo ayikwazanga zonke lukhuni lobugebengu. Ngaphezu ukuphila kwansuku zonke iziboshwa futhi umbuso yazibonakalisa okubizwa ngokuthi "umthetho-sisekelo amasela '", okuyinto unqabela eziningi. Kwakunzima babulalane bodwa, kuminyanisa, ukweba ezigebengwini abazinika isikhathi sokungabikho emsebenzini futhi xosha up ilandelana. Murder noma ukuthukwa ngokuthuka isela zazibhekwa nezono ezimbi kakhulu. Ekupheleni kuka-sixties, ngemva izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi ezweni kanye "umphakathi amasela '" zimbalwa kakhulu izigebengu okhokhelwayo. Ngikhohlwe ngazo cishe ukuze Eighties.

obshchak

Kuyini lokhu? kwelokuvukela umbuso wase wokugcotshwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ilungu elisha kufanele bufakwe esilondolozini se-okuthiwa "seminikelo" - ukheshe isela. Kulo "sekuqala ukufudumala" (ie asekelayo) avelelwe isikhungo, ukudluliswa, izibhedlela, lockups, futhi koloni ndawo. A inkokhiso zonke Iziboshwa intela, okuyinto ikhokhwe osikilidi, imali, isinkwa, utshwala. Ukuze amasela obshchak babe umuntu onesibopho - ngaphambi shodnyak okuthiwa. Ukuphuca ukuphila "mfowethu" ayengakwenza alinganayo "isikhundla" kuphela, futhi kuphela emva fair Isivivinyo shodnyak.

Kungakanani iyona "eHayidese amakhosi"?

Njengamanje, inombolo ngokuthi amasela elaliyiSoviet Union kunzima kakhulu. Underworld uyakwazi ukuvikela izimfihlo, ulwazi ungathola kuphela ngokusebenzisa ubunhloli ejenti - surgically. Ngokwe Wezangaphakathi, ngo-2007 isimo isela nomalokazana babe abantu abayikhulu okungenani amabili eRussia, nakwamanye amazwe CIS, inombolo zafinyelela izinkulungwane. I amakhabethe amafayela tekusebenta Interior Senkonzo futhi FSB inokwaziswa mayelana cishe ayisithupha namashumi balaba bantu: zinikelwe izidlaliso, amagama, Umlandvomphilo, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, isilinganiso lobugebengu. Wokugcotshwa amasela okusha kwenzeka njalo - kunzima ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo. Ngo-May 2013, i-Russian Federation Amacala Obugebengu uMnyango wawuthi eRussia wonkana kuyinto 428 ubugebengu abaphathi. Enye engamakhulu eziqukethwe amakoloni futhi babeboshwa we Russian Federation.

Isimo emhlabeni lobugebengu namuhla

kwelokuvukela umbuso wase wokugcotshwa namuhla kuhlukile kulokho eyayiyikho esikhathini forties kwekhulu elidlule. "Amakhosi eHayidese" Modern cishe musa banamathele emasikweni bamasela; ungenalo umndeni amakhaya bebodwa, ukunethezeka, ingcebo ibhizinisi. Kusukela imithetho emidala akukho okuseleyo emehlweni enkosi. Ochwepheshe abaningi bangase baphikise ngokuthi "kwelokuvukela umbuso wase" njengoba igunya ilahlekelwe ngamandla ayo kanye nethonya. Nale asikwazi uyavuma. Amajele kanye zone - a sokukhanda zonke izinhlobo izisebenzi ngoba eHayidese. Futhi kubhayela omkhulu, lapho minyaka yonke eziningi izinkulungwane zabantu. Bonke ngaphansi amasela amandla elite. kwelokuvukela umbuso wase wokugcotshwa ihlukanisa indoda kusukela kule isisindo Imininingwane futhi ayinikeze nemithwalo yemfanelo emisha. Ezindaweni emajele ezifana nabantu zinomthelela omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, emngcwabeni isela abuthele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zabantu - abalingisi, abezombusazwe, izintatheli, bebhange ezivela emazweni ehlukene (USA, Israyeli, Europe kanye nokunye).

Yini ayezozibusa isithakazelo ngoba "amasela umthetho"?

Endle, iziphathimandla banakekele izisebenzi zabo isakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukudala i "ikamu zemfundo" yentsha, onezinkinga kanye abangenamakhaya. Abaholi nobugebengu obuhleliwe Isikhwama amaqembu ezemidlalo zezingane namaqembu kanye ukuzivocavoca. Akukhona nje ngenjongo Ukukhethwa "Uhlaka olusha", kodwa futhi isimo sengqondo abaqotho ngaphezulu intsha emagunyeni. I ihogela ithonya kubantu abaye zabhekana umkhuba, njengoba wokugcotshwa le kwelokuvukela umbuso wase, zihlala zinjalo isikhathi eside: lokhu ukugembula, ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa, indawo yokulungisa izimoto, zokudlela namahhotela, casino, namatshe ayigugu. Ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlu kuhlanganisa izakhiwo kanye ibhizinisi ezingokomthetho ezihlukile. Amafa "izimali ezivamile" ingafaniswa yezimpahla amabhange elikhulu WaseRussia.

Yini okudingeka abe "legalist"?

Ukwakheka i gunya, njengoba 'nesela umthetho "- isiko. Wokugcotshwa ilungu elisha gang owawukhona ekhulwini elidlule. Yini okudingeka ukwenza kanjalo? Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi wokugcotshwa isela umthetho? Enganele ukuba umane ihlonishwe, ikhodi udumo "isela." Izoqaliswa nzima kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, polozhenets (erenki eliphakeme e sabaphathi wabaphangi) wavuleka isihloko "ummeli". Kulokhu kuyoba ukuthweswa umqhele yesela emthethweni? Okokuqala, kudingeka uthole ukwesekwa kweminye iziphathimandla okungenani ezimbili lobugebengu. Futhi "isipiliyoni" guarantors - okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. Okulandelayo, ikhandidethi yazisa lonke amasela ngenhloso yabo ngibe ngomunye wabo. Ukuze zonke izindawo kanye amakoloni, wathumela Malyava insulators, lapho kubikwa ukuthi umuntu onjalo nge "pogonyalom" esinjalo uzokuba "legalist". Noma ubani engase ikusho ikhandidethi ukuthi iyiphi ongakhethi, ukujivaza nodumo amasela, ubophekile ukuba wazise impendulo Malyava. Ungase ukhumbule izono neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule.

Inqubo yokuqalisa

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ikhandidethi kumele sibe "msulwa" phambi umphakathi lobugebengu. Izizathu zokuchithwa kwesicelo ukuthweswa umqhele kungaba okuningi - kungcono ukukhululwa zakuqala, ukuthethelelwa ukuthukwa, nokubambisana neziphathimandla, futhi ezingakhokhiwe izikweletu zokugembula, nokunye okunjalo. Uma umphakathi uyaqaphela ukuthi ikhandidethi uyakufanelekela "umqhele" ukuthi sabelwe wokugcotshwa uqobo. Kungase sibambelele endaweni futhi phezu okubi. maqondana omkhulu nodumo uyawuthanda inqubo ukuthweswa umqhele e "izindawo hhayi kude kangaka." amasela amaningi esikoleni ubudala zikholelwa ukuthi umklomelo ezifana isimo okusezingeni eliphezulu kungaba ezonini. Kangakanani wokugcotshwa amasela? Mayelana imininingwane inqubo ngokwalo, kangako. Cishe, amasela "umqhele" - luwuphawu. Kuphoqelekile unikezwa isifungo entsha "isela emthethweni", okuyinto ubophekile ukwamukela ukufa ngoba bayavukela ukuthobela imithetho amasela, nokunye. Ngiqinisile isicelo tattoo: inhliziyo abagwazwe a angababulali. Lokhu kusho 'ngoba ukuvukela umbuso - ukufa. " Ngemva wokugcotshwa, isicelo kanye nezinye emzimbeni ukuthi angase abhekisele ummeli: flying ukhozi enomqhele, izinkanyezi ngaphansi ingqwababa noma ehlombe, uwele nge amasudi ikhadi ngaphakathi.

wokugcotshwa Okungalindelekile

Amasela umqhele ingatholakala ngasiphi yobudala - at 20, 40 kanye 60. wokugcotshwa kwelokuvukela umbuso wase muva nje ube ngisho izincwadi. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, kwaba nezigameko lapho isela esanda kubekwa salahlekelwa ilungelo lakhe ngosuku olufanayo. Esikhathini nineties zakuqala kukhuphuke ngendlela ehlazisayo "simangaliso" - ikhono ukuthenga "umqhele" ngoba imali. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi izwe zobugebengu isibe inzuzo. Uma ekuqaleni ukuze kuzuzwe isimo "kwelokuvukela umbuso wase" kwakudingeka abe nokhahlo ekamu eliyijele nesikole bafanelwe igunya okunjalo, kodwa manje cishe noma ubani angangena elite eHayidese ngokuba imali (nakuba imali eningi). Ethandwa kakhulu sekuyinto e imiphefumulo ubuzwe Caucasian.