Kungakhathaliseki sibhekene ukufa ukushisa wendawo yonke?

"Ilanga iyoba amnyama njengendwangu yesaka loboya, nenyanga ngeke ikunikeze ukukhanya wakhe ... Amandla ezulu ayakunyakaziswa, futhi zonke izakhi siyobuna ..." La mazwi ashiwo eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, ezithombeni kwezobuciko echaza indlela izikhathi kuphele kuzokwenzeka noma ukushisa ukufa universe. Kodwa ngemva nesishiyagalombili eminyaka kuze abacwaningi wasondela ekutadisheni inkinga kusukela iphuzu zesayensi of umbono. Empeleni, ngokushesha nje lapho isintu ukuthola eziyisisekelo imithetho wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto, umbuzo ngokushesha noma kamuva kwadingeka ukuba kwenzeke. Uma ucabangisisa, uma isimiso yemvelo usebenza irherho le-closed, kungani ungacabangi ukuthi kunjalo kwabaningi sokusebenzela endaweni yonke?

Ngokokuqala ngqá umbono ngokufa ukushisa kwendawo yonke isifakwe phambili uWilliam Thompson e 1852, kodwa kamuva, ngo-1865, kube zavela ngokugcwele R. Clausius. Yena extrapolated esikhaleni umthetho wesibili wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka. Ngokusho lo mthetho, njalo irherho le-closed ivame maqondana zilingana, amandla emisebe ye-iguqulwe ibe ukushisa. "Ukufa" iza uma ifinyelela izinga enkulu entropy. Kuleli qophelo, akukho exchange amandla akuthathi indawo, ngoba konke lokhu ibe ukushisa. Futhi njengoba asikho isizathu ukucabanga ukuthi ngaphezu isikhala kukhona ke, siphetha Clausius, umkhathi wethu izobhekwa nayo njengoba irherho le-closed, futhi kuwo umthetho ofanayo.

Nokho, Ngokwemvelo, futhi Thompson noma Clausius ngisho wasikisela ukuthi ukufa ukushisa kwendawo yonke enzeka masinyane izibikezelo ngisho ekupheleni ezikude kakhulu zomhlaba abangela isiyaluyalu emphakathini zesayensi, futhi eyaqanjwa ezihlukahlukene ukuphikisa lo mbono. Ngo-1872 usosayensi Ludwig Boltzmann babecabanga iyehla iyenyuka. Ngokusho kwakhe, umkhathi wethu okukhulu kakhulu ukuthi afe onjalo ukufa lula. Uhlale wahlala futhi izohlala esimweni yakhoibrium isothermal, kodwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ukuphambuka yayo unomphela kulesi simo zenzeka, futhi luyohlale. Lokho Ukuvutha ezinjalo, Ukuvutha amandla ngeke sivumele ukuqala indlela yokudlulisa imali yayo yonke indawo kuxhomeke wamandla ku ukushisa.

Isayensi yanamuhla iye futhi waqinisekisa noma amelana khona umbono wokuthi ukufa ukushisa kwendawo yonke nakanjani. Umqondo we-Big Bang okuthiwa zenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-14 edlule futhi emenza konke, akufakazeli ukuthi izenzo kuphela isikhala Cmb. Kufanele futhi acabangele umphumela variable ensimini okudonsa izinto. ngokukhethekile kufanele kube theory Friedman: egcwele bayavumelana into ekuyo yonke indawo akuyona umile, noma yena yandisa noma izinkontileka. Futhi uma kunjalo, i entropy okwandisa akakubangeli lonke uhlelo yakhoibrium thermodynamic.

Heat Ukufa of the Universe kungenziwa wangabaza, futhi ngokombono imfundiso yokuziphendukela jikelele wokuhlobana kwezinto. Thina namanje bazi okuncane kakhulu ezweni lethu, ukwahlulela ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi izwe lethu ivaliwe nokuthi kukhona angaphezu yini enye. Mhlawumbe ezinye amabutho angaphandle kanye izinhlelo? Imithetho yesayensi, siyazi, lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe kulesi silinganiso isikhala elingapheli, - uthi emisebeni yaphakade abavikeli endaweni yonke. Izinkanyezi zikhanyise aphume, kodwa uhlelo zilingana Nokho, okuyinto, aliholeli inani ukushisa ukufa.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi nomqondo ukufa okungenzeka yonke futhi waqinisekisa noma ukulahlwa yesayensi yanamuhla, umbuzo waqala vusa hhayi kuphela "izazi zesayensi ', kodwa futhi" lyricists ". Ikakhulukazi sithole ugqozi kwinkulumo yokuqala ukubhujiswa okungenzeka zonke izinto eziphilayo isayensi abalobi eqanjiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, Ayzek Azimov wabikezela ukuphela ngokoqobo amakhaza ukuze bonke ukuphila e indaba yakhe "The Last Umbuzo". Heat ukufa zonke engokwemvelo kwaba ngesisekelo izindaba eziningi opopayi Japanese kanye anime uchungechunge.