Iqembu izinkanyezi united ngegama elilodwa. Constellation namaqiniso eziphawuleka kakhulu ngazo

Constellation - umhlahlandlela ukuthi bahamba nayo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokusho kwakhe abantu engaqondiswa endleleni. Uma nemilaza ngokuthi labo izibalo obakheka phakathi inkanyezi. Manje bambiza ezindaweni ezithile sphere yasezulwini. inombolo esemthethweni nemilaza ayethe njo ngo-1930 - 88. Kulaba, 47 Kwatholakala futhi kuchazwe BC. Kodwa amagama anikwa sebewasebenzisa kuze kube namuhla.

Inombolo izinkanyezi ezindaweni ebonakalayo kwesibhakabhaka

Iqembu izinkanyezi united ngegama elilodwa, okuthiwa iKhima. Ngenxa kokuma zezinkanyezi, sithole ukuthi zikuphi esibhakabhakeni kancane kokushintsha. Ebusuku isibhakabhaka kudala inkohliso nemiyalezo etholakala eduze nomunye izinkanyezi. On ingxenye ebonakalayo esakhiwe ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 3 izinkanyezi, futhi wonke esibhakabhakeni -. Abangaba yizinkulungwane 6.

Uthola kanjani amagama amaqembu izinkanyezi

Ngoba izazi zezinkanyezi zasendulo iqembu izinkanyezi united ngegama elilodwa, lalisetshenziselwa kalula ukuthola izinkanyezi kancane elikhanyayo. Izinkanyezi Bright united kumaqembu athile. Ngokuvamile ukuthola amagama ezilwane ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, Scorpion, Big futhi Little Dipper, umlaza Omkhulu futhi Lesser Inja. Futhi, iqembu izinkanyezi, munye ngegama ezivamile, ungase uthole igama behlonipha omunye emaqhaweni asezinganekwaneni lasendulo - isibonelo, ngakho abizwa umlaza Perseus, Andromeda kanye nabanye. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII bhá yezinkanyezi ezinye nemilaza nabizelwa zamagama ngesiGreki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namanje mayelana 130 izinkanyezi ezikhanya ngabanye ithole amagama abo. Futhi ukukhanya ukukhanya futhi kuze kube namuhla abacwaningi zisebenzisa abizwa incwadi.

Okubukwa ezinkanyezi

Izwe elisizungezile, kwezinkanyezi nemilaza kuyoba nesithakazelo ngokukhethekile obuka ngokucophelela. Uma sibuke isibhakabhaka esicwathile amahora ambalwa, ungabona kanjani yonke sphere yasezulwini, vula ukukhanya, uhamba bushelelezi, efana iwaphe- azungeze i-eksisi ongabonakali. Lolu hlobo ukunyakaza ibizwa ngokuthi nsuku zonke. Ukukhanya hambisa emkhathini kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla. Izinkanyezi, njengoba nje lenza Moon kanye Sun liphuma empumalanga. ukuphakama kwalo esiphezulu befinyelela eseningizimu. Sunset livela entshonalanga.

Umlaza ngobukhulu esibhakabhakeni

Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke izinkanyezi united ngegama elilodwa - kuyinto umlaza Hydra. Itholakala Nenkabazwe oseningizimu. Igama le-constellation lihunyushwa lisuselwa Latin lisho ukuthi "amanzi inyoka". Hydra wathola usosayensi yamaGreki asendulo uPtolemy ku BC II leminyaka. e. Kukhona inganekwane eyaziwa ukuthi Hydra umlaza kufaniswa inyoka alethwe Apollo amagwababa: Hydra futhi eduze umlaza Raven. Ngokwe enganekwaneni Apollo wathumela Raven ayokha amanzi. Amanzi inyoka iqhude alethwe axolise ngokuba sekwephuzile lokhu ngakho bangakwazi ubuye. kankulunkulu wamaGreki sidilizwa wasethukuthela kakhulu, wajikijela inyoni wafutheka, inkomishi, futhi inyoka esibhakabhakeni, lapho yaphenduka umlaza - Crow, Crater futhi Hydra.

Elinye iqembu omangalisayo izinkanyezi united ngegama elilodwa - kuba umlaza ka-Orion. Kukholakala ukuthi akukho ngaphansi kuhle kunokukhanya Big Dipper. Esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, kulula kakhulu ukubona okubizwa ngokuthi "Belt Orion sika" - lo ezintathu inkanyezi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe elise kancane obliquely ilandelana. Uma sithola ngokusebenzisa "Belt Orion sika" ulayini ngengqondo ke ukuphela kwayo ephansi Kuyobonisa inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni ebusuku - inkanyezi Sirius. Ngokusondelene nalezi izinkanyezi ezintathu zitholakala futhi izinkanyezi okukhanya isikhala-Orion Nebula. Kungaba lula ukubona ngisho ne omabonakude. Inkanyezi bhá e Orion - lena Betelgeuse, ogama lakhe ngesi-Arabhu elisho "ikhwapha".

umlaza

Emhlabeni wonke jikelele koHlelo amagama kwezinkanyezi nemilaza, emhlabeni okwenza indlela yayo sobala wonyaka Sun, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Zodiac. Sekukonke kukhona nantathu lwala maqoqo ezinkanyezi angu, kodwa abacwaningi esetshenziswa nambili kubo ngenani izinyanga ngonyaka. Lesi sigaba kwesibhakabhaka ezindaweni 12 uvele iBhabhiloni lasendulo ngo-BC V leminyaka. e. Abaningi umhlobo Zodiac ngokuyinhloko nokufunda izinkanyezi. Kodwa eqinisweni, Izimpawu zezinkanyezi kukhona emkhakheni yezinkanyezi. La maqoqo ezinkanyezi angu kukhona emgqeni we Ecliptic kanye lapho Sun kwenza uhambo ebonakalayo ezingu-365 ngonyaka. It lingashoni emhlabeni umlaza ngamunye ngesikhathi esiwabiza ngokuthi inyanga.

umlaza we-Pleiades

Ngamunye has impendulo esobala yombuzo "Uhlangene ngani wena ukubiza iqembu izinkanyezi, munye ngegama elilodwa?". Izazi zezinkanyezi zasezulwini zenziwe amaqembu ngokuthi imilaza. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ososayensi sina aphanjaniswe ekuhloleni ubukhulu amaqoqo inkanyezi. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba ukukhonza njengendlela umfanekiso Pleiades umlaza. Kwaba bake bacabanga ukuthi leli qembu izinkanyezi 7 kuphela. Ezihlukahlukene wababiza lwamaSlav lasendulo: "Seven Sisters", "Stozhary" nokunye.

Kodwa manje, izazi zezinkanyezi zakwamanye amazwe yasekhaya ukwazi - the Pleiades emkhathizwe akuyona eziyisikhombisa. Lolu Phiko ezinkulungwane izinkanyezi, zazo nane itholakala kuphela ehlweni lomuntu. Baye livela omunye ifu yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Lezi izinkanyezi eduze komunye nomunye ukubunjwa kanye nobudala. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ubudala Pleiades cluster has iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-115. Lokhu umlaza kungenziwa kalula ukuthi ukubonile lokhu zindawo Russia, e-Ukraine futhi Belarus. I-Pleiades kuto eduze zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Fly kule constellation - 410 light-years.

umlaza eliqhakazile Centaurus

A esiseduzane isimiso sonozungezilanga - Umlaza of Centaurus. Lapha kulapho esintwini uthemba ukuthola ingqondo nabo. Lolu Phiko lakhiwe ngemalunga lamatsatfu kuphela izinkanyezi Centaurus A, Centauri B kanye Proxima Centauri. Esemu- , Alpha Centauri emidala kuno yesimiso sonozungezilanga iminyaka 2 billion. Ukukhanya ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana lezi zinkanyezi, uthola umuntu obuka emhlabeni iminyaka 4.3. Nansi inkanyezi eziseduze Sun - kuyinto Proxima Centauri. Nokho, ngemva ayizinkulungwane 9. Iminyaka, izongenelwa esikhundleni yi-Barnard, okuqondene umlaza Ophiuchus. Constellation Centaurus lase futhi sitholwe lukaPtolemy. Kwakuthinta ogama lakhe behlonipha a centaur - poluloshadi-polucheloveka. Constellation Centaurus - elikhanyayo kakhulu futhi enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.