Kuyini IQ umuntu ovamile?

Baningi kithi abaye wezwa mayelana test IQ, elibonisa level kokuhlakanipha kwabantu abaningi. Nokho, abaningi abamazi cishe lutho ngakho. Ngaphambi kuthathe ukudlula isivivinyo, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini okufanele ibe IQ umuntu ovamile.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

IQ imele intelligence quotient, okungase elihunyushwe ngokuthi "lemali intelligence." In imvelo ngokolimi abakhuluma isiRashiya wayevame ukusebenzisa ezimisiwe elithi "intelligence quotient." Nokho, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi, imiphumela kube eziyiqiniso kakhulu, futhi ngempela zazibethemba, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele hhayi kuphela imiphumela yokuhlola. Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele izici eziningi ezifana nalokhu yobudala kanye ocansini.

Abaningi bakholelwa nawukuthi imiphumela kulolu vivinyo ukukhombisa ukuthambekela kunalokho abantu ukuba uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi, hhayi langempela amakhono bokusungula. Ngakho-ke, singaba ngokulungiselela, ukuxazulula puzzle, okuyinto angafana imfuno.

indaba

Imizamo ukutadisha IQ umuntu evamile awuqala 30s kwekhulu elidlule. Abacwaningi wathatha inombolo yokuzama ukucacisa IQ ngokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene ucwaningo. Ososayensi baye bazama ukuthola iphethini ahlobanisa izinqubo of the isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, izimfanelo ukusabela namakhono kwengqondo ngisho acabangele ubukhulu nesisindo zobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafunda Coefficient ukuhlanganisa intelligence abazali nezingane, isimo sakhe sengqondo ukuze imvelaphi kwezenhlalo, ubudala nokunye.

IQ-test namuhla

Okwamanje wemukeleke ukuthi IQ intelligence kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, ingxenye kakhulu ufuzo. Nokho, izinga IQ umuntu evamile zingandiswa ukuxazulula imisebenzi ehlukene kanye nezivivinyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni lanamuhla akunjalo buhlakani obutheni ungumthombo impumelelo njengoba ugqozi futhi zingapheli amandla. Indima ebalulekile nayo eyadlalwa ubuntu, ukuzimisela nesifiso sokuvelela. Noma kunjalo, izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu intelligence kungasiza sibhekene nezimo ezinzima futhi kubangele izimo ngcono.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uvivinyo Waqale wadala kuphela umzimba silulumagama, kuze kube manje, basebenzisa ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Kubandakanya umsebenzi ku-akhawunti, imigqa okunengqondo, ikhono ukuthola ukuma ulahlekile weJiyomethri, ikhono ukuqaphela isinqamu, ukukhumbula amaqiniso tehchertezhi futhi ukukhomba incwadi elingekho.

Indlela IQ lomuntu evamile

Izinga isilinganiso kokuhlakanipha kwabantu kuyahlukahluka amayunithi phakathi 100 120, okuyinto cishe uhhafu kwesokudla isinqumo imisebenzi. Kuyothi umuntu nazo zonke imisebenzi, uthola amaphuzu 200. Ngaphezu ezingeni intelligence, isivivinyo inquma nezinye izinkomba, kuyasiza embule isithombe indoda ecabanga ukuthi sidlule. Ngemva ekutholeni esigabeni lapho umenzi ezingeni ezincane kunazo zonke amakhono, ungasiza naye ukuhlonza izikhala ngamakhono akhe, ukuzijayeza izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi, futhi ukhulise IQ.

Uhlolo lokuqala

Ngokokuqala ngqá wakhuluma ngesimo Coefficient intelligence Stern owacabanga kwencazelo ngekhono ezingeni kwi Binet isikali okungalungile, ngoba ethile sina ezihlobene nobudala. Usosayensi ezihlongozwayo ukunquma ikhono lomuntu, sokuhlukanisa yobudala engqondo yehlelo lezikhathi. IQ-test umuntu evamile sikhombisa ukuhlolwa ambalwa of amakhono muntu maqondana omele isilinganiso nobudala obufanayo.

ezomhlaba

Ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu ukuthi test IQ alibonisi ezingeni erudition womuntu, kodwa kunalokho, kuhlola indlela jikelele. Basuke eziklanyelwe ukuze bathole ukusatshalaliswa Imiphumela kusuka esilinganisweni. IQ umuntu evamile ziyahlukahluka, kodwa kukhona izinkomba evamile. Ngakho, cishe isigamu sabantu kulolo vivinyo, bonisa imiphumela elilingana amaphuzu 90 kuya ku-100, okungaba yingxenye eyodwa kwezine - engaphansi kuka-90, futhi enye ikota - amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-110. Abathole iziqu imidiyeni emanyuvesi aseMelika kuyinto 115 amaphuzu, idumisa - kusuka 135 kuya 140 IQ level okungukuthi esingaphansi amaphuzu 70, ngokuvamile kubhekwe njengophawu lokuba retardation engqondo.

isiphetho

IQ-test sikhombisa ezingeni yentuthuko amakhono umuntu, kodwa akufanele sicabange ukuthi zingabantu nganoma iyiphi indlela abonisa ezingeni erudition. Bathi nje kusisize ukuba siqonde, kulokho endaweni futhi yini isiqondiso umuntu kudingeka ukuthuthukisa.

Kukholakala ukuthi ezingeni IQ evamile amabanga womuntu kusuka amayunithi ngokungenasizathu 90 ukuya kwayi-120. Ngokuvamile, ukucacisa test IQ Eysenck esetshenziswa. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi othembeke kunabo imiphumela etholwe pass wokuqala ekuhlolweni, futhi yonke imizamo okwalandela ngeke kuphela phendulela kubo.