Onekhono. Amazinga yentuthuko umthamo: ukuhlola, ukuthuthukiswa

It is wayevame mayelana nemakhono umuntu, okusho Ukuthanda kwakhe uhlobo ezithile zomsebenzi. Ngesikhathi abantu abambalwa efanayo ukucabanga ukuthi umqondo kuhilela izinga yesayensi kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, kanye namathuba wokuthuthukisa ke. Yini amazinga amakhono, kukhona umsebenzi ngcono kubo futhi zifunde ukwenza kakhulu, uyazi akubona bonke. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ambalwa uneminye ikhono, le mfanelo kufanele njalo ukuthuthukisa uma ufuna ukuphumelela ngempela endaweni ethile.

Uyini umthamo, ezingeni yentuthuko amakhono

Ngokwe-definition yesayensi, ikhono - izici ngamunye kanye ngokwengqondo umuntu othile, ebheka ikhono layo ukuze bafeze imisebenzi ethize. izimo azalwa naso ekuveleni namakhono athile - kungcono ezazidingeka ukuthi, ngokungafani lokuqala, abekwa e umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni. Qaphela amandla - umqondo ashukumisayo, okusho kumiswa yabo unomphela, ukuthuthukiswa nokubonakaliswa kuyo yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi. Amazinga yentuthuko umthamo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi okufanele zicatshangelwe ngcono okuqhubekayo. Ngokusho Rubinstein ukuthuthukiswa yabo okwenzeka Kuvunguza, okusho ukuthi ukuqaliswa namathuba anikezwa eyodwa ezingeni namakhono abawadingayo phambi kukhona shift okwengeziwe ukuze ephakeme.

izinhlobo amakhono

Izinga yentuthuko amakhono ngabanye lahlukaniswa izinhlobo:

- zokuzala, lapho umuntu ebonisa ikhono ngempumelelo bathole amakhono ehlukene, sigxilise iwazi, kanye nokuqalisa imisebenzi esivele ezihlongozwayo isampula noma umqondo;

- lokusungula, lapho umuntu unekhono udale into entsha futhi original.

Phakathi yokufuna yimpumelelo elwati nemakhono umuntu ehamba komunye ezingeni yentuthuko kwenye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo futhi ihlukaniswe yaba jikelele futhi ethize, ngokuvumelana theory ezishisayo. I jikelele kuhlanganisa labo kuboniswe noma iyiphi inkundla lomsebenzi, kanti ekhethekile azibonakali endaweni ethile.

Amazinga yentuthuko umthamo

La mazinga afaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa izinga:

- ikhono;

- Iminikelo;

- talent;

- buchopho.

Ukuze akha ithalente womuntu, udinga nilethe inhlanganisela organic amakhono jikelele futhi okhethekile, futhi nawo kudingeka abe lwekutfutfukisa.

Talent - ezingeni ikhono yesibili

Ubuqili kusho inhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene amakhono achazwayo ezingeni eliphezulu futhi unikeze umuntu ithuba ngempumelelo akuhlule kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Kulokhu-ke kusho ngokuqondile ithuba ukuthuthukisa njengoba umuntu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zidinga buciko ngokushesha amakhono adingekayo kanye namakhono ethu ngenxa kusetjentiswa ngemphumelelo umqondo.

Talent iyona zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

- kwezobuciko, okusho impumelelo enkulu emsebenzini wobuciko;

- jikelele - kwenhlakanipho noma kwezinto zezemfundo, lapho amazinga yentuthuko okwenziwa umuntu ziyabonakala imiphumela emihle ukuqeqeshwa, inkositini ulwazi ahlukahlukene emikhakheni ehlukene kwezesayensi;

- yokudala, kudinga ikhono lokusungula imiqondo emisha kanye nekukhombisa ukuthambekela okusunguliwe;

- kwezenhlalo, ukuhlinzeka eliphezulu intelligence social, ukukhomba izimfanelo ubuholi kanye nekhono ukwakha ubudlelwano ezakhayo nabantu nilidle amakhono yenhlangano;

- esisebenzayo, okuyinto kubonakala ikhono lomuntu oyedwa ukusebenzisa intelligence yakho siqu ukuze bafinyelele imigomo yabo, ulwazi kahle izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka yomuntu kanye nekhono ukusebenzisa lolu ulwazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene giftedness ezindaweni ewumngcingo, ezifana genius zezibalo, tetemibhalo, njalo njalo. D.

Talent - izinga eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa amakhono zokudala

Uma umuntu has a talent evelele ngoba emkhakheni othize umsebenzi, njalo nokuzithuthukisa, ngokuthi wayenaso ithalenta ke. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le mfanelo futhi isegazini, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi zijwayele ukucabanga ngakho. Uma sikhuluma amazinga yentuthuko amakhono zokudala nabanekhono kuba ikhono womuntu kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi lena akuyona lutho kodwa ikhono evelele ukuba elokhu ivela, ukulwela self-ngcono. Ayikho nokuthambekela okungokwemvelo ngeke kuholele ukuqashelwa ithalente ngaphandle umsebenzi onzima ngakuyena. Kulesi ithalente Kumiswa inhlanganisela ethile kwamakhono. Akekho, ngisho namakhono athuthukile kakhulu kakhulu into angeke ngokuthi ithalente, ukuze athole umphumela kubalulekile khona izinto ezifana nengqondo nezimo, intando eqinile, umthamo omkhulu umsebenzi kanye umcabango omuhle.

Genius - eliphakeme ukuthuthukiswa amakhono

Lowomuntu ubizwa ngokuthi ungungqondongqondo uma kwenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe washiya uphawu esemqoka ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi. Genius - eliphakeme namakhono eyayi iyunithi. Le mfanelo atehlukaniseki ubuntu okungavamile. Ikhwalithi ehlukile of genius, ngokungafani nezinye amazinga yentuthuko amakhono, ukuthi ngokuvamile ethatha "iphrofayela". Inkampani e ubuntu brilliant nakanjani obusa, okuholela wawubonakalisa eliqhakazile namakhono athile.

ukuhlola amakhono

Ukufaneleka namanje omunye yezinselele ezinkulu kwengqondo. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, izazi eziningi ukubeka phambili izindlela yabo izinga ucwaningo. Nokho, okwamanje ayikho indlela elikuvumela ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuhlonza ikhono lomuntu, kanye ukunquma ezingeni layo.

Inkinga eyayibalulekile ukuthi ikhono ukukala quantitatively, iziphetho ezingeni yentuthuko amakhono jikelele. Nokho, empeleni inkomba izinga, okuyinto kumele kubhekwe Dynamics. odokotela bengqondo lahlukahlukene ukubeka phambili izindlela yabo yokukala izinga. Ngokwesibonelo, L. S. Vygotsky ezihlongozwayo ukuhlola ikhono wengane ngokusebenzisa zone yentuthuko proximal. Lokhu kwakuhilela uphethwe ezimbili uma ingane yokuqala ukuxazulula inkinga nomuntu omdala, bese bebodwa.

Enye indlela yokulinganisa amakhono ahlinzekwa ngokuhlola umsunguli umehluko Psychology - usosayensi IsiZulu F. UGalton. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukwenza ukuhlonza amasu, hhayi kuphela ukutholakala umthamo, kodwa futhi izinga lentuthuko. I wafunda lokuqala amazinga yentuthuko amakhono bokusungula ngosizo ukuhlolwa intelligence jikelele ke isihloko waphendula nesethi yemibuzo ukuhlonza khona amakhono ezikhethekile, kanye nezinga labo.

Indlela elandelayo zokuxilonga kungokwalabo French usosayensi A. Binet noSimoni. Liphinde ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa ezingeni onekhono bokusungula nge imisebenzi 30 ukuze okwandayo eyinkimbinkimbi. The main kwagxilwa ekutheni babe nekhono lokuqonda umsebenzi futhi bakwazi ukucabanga ngokunengqondo, ke zingaxazululwa kanjani. Ososayensi baye wasikisela ukuthi leli khono siyisisekelo intelligence. Basonta umqondo ubudala engqondo, enquma ezingeni zokuxazulula izinkinga bokusungula. Ngalinye umsebenzi igcwaliswe kwaba sokunquma lokhu Inkomba. Ngemva kokufa izazi ukuhlolwa olimini lwesiNgisi, wasethula e-United States. Kamuva, ngo-1916, isazi-American Lewis Terman Ushintshe ukuhlolwa, futhi inguqulo entsha, esanikwa isikhulu igama "esikalini Stendvord-Binet", ngoba ethathwa njengeSabatha indlela jikelele ngenxa yamakhono ukuthola.

Zikhona izindlela eziningi ukuhlonza amakghono athile, kodwa zonke esekelwe definition izibalo obuhlakani kwasekuqaleni. Lokhu kungenxa umbono ososayensi ukuthi sokuthuthukisa amakhono zokudala nezinye ezingeni ekukhuleni kufanele kube isilinganiso ngenhla.

Ukuxilongwa amakhono engqondo

Izinga ekukhuleni ngokwengqondo indoda kuhilela ikhono lakhe ukusebenzisa ingqondo yakhe ukucabanga, ukuqonda, ukulalela, izinqumo, ukuqapha, bezibona ubudlelwano kanye nezinye imisebenzi yengqondo. Omunye esetshenziswa kakhulu amasu ekutholweni degree of ekuthuthukeni kwale izinga IQ-ukuhlolwa, noveza isethi ethize imisebenzi, kanye nokuqaliswa yabo unikezwa inani elimisiwe isikhathi. Amaphuzu isikali ezingaba ezoshayelwa ngu bedlula kulolu vivinyo ububanzi kusuka 0 kuya 160 futhi imele uhla retardation ukuze buchopho. IQ-ukuhlolwa zenzelwe abantu zanoma iyiphi iminyaka.

Enye inqubo ethandwa - Stuhr - lembula ikhono. Izinga yentuthuko amakhono obuhlakani izingane esikoleni inhloso le ndlela ukuxilongwa. Kufaka 6 subtests, ngamunye okuyinto ekhona kusukela 15 kuya 25 imisebenzi efanayo. Okokuqala okubili sub-test zihlose ukuthola nokuqwashisa ezivamile zesikole nabanye zembula:

- ikhono ukuthola isifaniso;

- ngezigaba okunengqondo;

- nje okungaqondile okunengqondo;

- Ukuthola ukwakhiwa kwesokudla uchungechunge lwezinombolo.

Indlela yakhelwe nesifundo seqembu kanye nomkhawulo ngesikhathi. izibalo High amasu Stuhr avumele ukuba wahlulele ukuthembeka Imiphumela itholiwe.

Ukuxilongwa lokusungula

indlela Universal sokulinganisa Izinga lokusungula - inqubo Guildford, akhona ku ukulungiswa ezahlukene. Ikhwalithi nobuciko kungatholakala usebenzisa le ndlela:

- okwakhe ekulungiseleleni inhlangano;

- semantic futhi semantic Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo;

- ikhono ukudala imibono emisha;

- ezingeni yentuthuko ukucabanga.

Kulesi sifundo, izifundo bacelwe ukuthi izimo ezahlukene, ekhishwa okuyinto engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma i-indlela non-standard, okubandakanya khona amakhono zokudala.

Izimfanelo ukuthi ummangalelwa kufanele kufanele eziphumelelayo esivivinyweni:

- ukuqonda futhi ekuqondeni okuyikho imisebenzi ehlongozwayo;

- ukusebenza inkumbulo;

- kwehlukana - ikhono ukuthola wakuqala evamile;

- Kuhlangana - ikhono aqaphele into kwi izimfanelo qualitatively ezahlukene.

ukuthuthukiswa High amakhono zokudala, ngokuvamile kuhilela nentuthuko ephawulekayo ezingeni elifanele, futhi khona lowo muntu ukuzethemba, nithanda ukuncokola, inkulumo eshelelayo nebonisa impulsivity.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi ukuhlolwa ukuhlonza amakhono zokudala ezivela amathuluzi ezifanayo kuze sibone ikhono intelligence - Akukho mngcele ikhambi imisebenzi, isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi ukuxazulula, kanye ngokungaqondile design iziphakamiso. Njalo umsebenzi ngempumelelo ekuhlolweni kubonisa khona amandla nesimo sendawo yomsebenzi zokudala.

Okunye zokwenza sitholakele ezingeni yentuthuko amakhono

Ikhono lomuntu zingaphinde zivele noma ubudala. Nokho, ngaphambili bona kutholwa, aba maningi amathuba okuba impumelelo yabo. Yingakho namuhla ezikhungweni zemfundo kanye nezingane ezincane kakhulu kudingeke aqhube umsebenzi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho lichaza amazinga yentuthuko amakhono ezinganeni. Ngokusho imiphumela yomsebenzi owenziwe nge abafundi ukuqeqeshwa sokuthuthukiswa nokuthambekela zikhonjwe a yalendawo. Umsebenzi onjalo angeke angavalelwa isingene isikole, abazali kufanele futhi ngaphambili ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emsebenzini kulesi siqondiso.

Amathekhiniki kabanzi kunazo ngenxa yamakhono uphethwe, kokubili jikelele kanye ethize:

- "Inkinga Avery", yakhelwe ukuhlola focus yokucabanga, okungukuthi, ngezinga elingakanani abantu singagxila umsebenzi owenziwayo ...

- "inkumbulo cwaningo usebenzisa yokufunda amasu emagama lalishumi" zihlose ukuthola izinqubo yimemori.

- "Verbal Fantasy" - sokunquma ezingeni yentuthuko amakhono zokudala, okokuqala umcabango.

- "Khumbula, bese usetha iphuzu" - ukuhlola isikhathi eside.

- "Compass" - ekutadisheni izici yokucabanga ngekwendzawo.

- "Anagrams" - kwencazelo amakhono combinatorial.

- "ikhono zezibalo Analytical" - ukuhlonza ukuthambekela efanayo.

- "Amandla" - ukuhlonza ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuxhasa imisebenzi endaweni ethile.

- "iminyaka yakho yokudala", okuhloswe ngazo uphethwe sokuhambisana yobudala iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo ne ngokwengqondo.

- "lokusungula Yakho" - ukuhlola amathuba yokudala.

Inombolo amasu kanye uhlu lwabo enemininingwane zinqunywa ngesisekelo ukuhlolwa ngezinhloso zokuxilonga. Kulokhu, umphumela akuyona ukuhlonza ikhono lomuntu. Amazinga yentuthuko umthamo kumele njalo ngcono, yingakho ngemva uphethwe ngempela kwenziwe ukwenza ngcono izimfanelo ezithile.

Imibandela ngokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono

Enye indlela ebalulekile kakhulu kukhona nesanda izinga izimo. Amazinga yentuthuko umthamo kufanele kube njalo ku ashukumisayo, yokuhamba komunye esigabeni kwesinye. Kubazali, kubalulekile ukuba kube khona isimo ingane yakho iqaphele ukuthambekela yayo siyachazwa. Nokho, impumelelo cishe kuncike ngokuphelele impilo yomuntu futhi egxile imiphumela.

Iqiniso lokuthi ingane ekuqaleni kukhona ukuthambekela ezithile, akuqinisekisi ukuthi siguqulelwa amandla. Njengoba isibonelo, cabangela isimo lapho imfuneko kuhle ukuqhubeka amakhono zomculo enza khona angezwakali ezindlebeni zomuntu mncane. Kodwa isakhiwo ethile ukuzwa futhi uqondiswe isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko - lena kuphela imfuneko ukuthuthukiswa okungenzeka la makhono. Ezithile isakhiwo ubuchopho akuphazamisi kukhethwa umsebenzi ikusasa umnikazi noma kungenzeka ukuthi zizonikezwa sokuthuthukiswa imizwelo yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonga ekuthuthukiseni lesi analyzer sokuzwa, kungenzeka kumiswe amakhono abstract futhi okunengqondo, ngaphezu umculo. Sibangelwa yokuthi yikuphi ukuhlakanipha inkulumo yomuntu zihlobene nomsebenzi we analyzer sokuzwa.

Ngakho, uma ngabe ukhombe amazinga zawo zentuthuko amakhono, ukuhlola, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nempumelelo ekugcineni kuzoncika wena. Ngaphezu izimo ezifanele zangaphandle, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi kuphela umsebenzi nsuku zonke uzoguqula nokuthambekela okungokwemvelo e amakhono ukuthi ezingenza abe ithalente langempela lekusasa. Futhi uma ikhono lakho avele elikhanyayo ngokungavamile, kungenzeka ukuthi umphumela uyoba ukuqashelwa self-ngcono of genius yakho.