Kuyini NATO sika umlando, inhlangano, imisebenzi

Inhlangano, uphawu eNyakatho ye-Atlantic Treaty (NATO ngamafitshane), nalo kwamagama eNyakatho ye-Atlantic Alliance kuyinto leyahlukahlukene umfelandawonye lempi. NATO, okwakhiwa kwalo has 28 uthi akhelene iNorth Atlantic Ocean (okungukuthi Canada, US, Turkey futhi iningi European Union), yasungulwa ukuze kuvikelwe inkululeko yabo. Ngo inkontileka yakhe, esasayinwa ngo-Washington ngo-April 4, 1949, aphikisane ukuthi NATO wabonisa ukuthi i ukuhlaselwa kuhlonyiwe lomunye amalungu umbimbi kumele lithathwe ngokuthi wokuba kuhlaselwe zonke.

I-Alliance imele umthetho, intando yeningi, inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye isinqumo elinokuthula kwenzinye izingxabano, futhi unesibopho ekugqugquzeleni amagugu yesifunda Euro-Atlantic. Ikomkhulu eBrussels, eBelgium.

Ngakho, liyini NATO? Liphinde linike lapho aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika nethuba uthintane nomunye ezindabeni nokuvikeleka bakhathalela bese uthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngokuhlanganyela ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Eminyakeni yamuva, cabangani ngomgomo NATO siye sakhula isivikelo izikhali uyaca ekubhujisweni, ubuphekula Cyber ukuhlaselwa. I wokulwa nobuphekula iye kufakwe Izinjongo kuqala lolu mbimbi emva Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula i-World Trade Center ngo-September 2001, lapho kubhekwa khona ingozi yokuyekethisa-United States.

Ukuze ukuqonde kangcono lokho NATO okungukuthi, ake sibheke umlando. I Abezempi sidalwe ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ngo kohlaka yeNhlangano yeZizwe. Inhloso Its main yayiwukuvikela oyilungu kusukela inqwaba amabutho amazwe lamaKhomanisi. Ngokulandelayo, umlando NATO savela ngesikhathi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, lapho umsebenzi wenhlangano yandile ukuvimbela impi yenuzi. Ngemva ukungena block West German amazwe lamakhomanisi, kuhlanganise eSoviet Union, Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, eCzechoslovakia futhi eMpumalanga Jalimane, engimbumbile umfelandawonye we Warsaw Pact atheleka. Besabela kuleso simemo, NATO uye bamukela inqubomgomo ukuziphindiselela omkhulu, ezithembisa ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi uma uhlaselwa.

Kwakukhona ukuwa Berlin Wall ngo-1989, futhi ngemva kokuwa ubudlelwane USSR NATO-laseRussia laqala ukuba obusekelwe ekubambisaneni zamazwe amabili. Ngo-2002 kwakungekho ukudalwa i-NATO-Russia Council, ukuze alawule jikelele mayelana nokuphepha kwazo. Phambili kunayo lolu mbimbi kwaba umsebenzi e-Afghanistan. Ukuze impumelelo nemikhankaso yokugcina ukuthula ngisho ucele usizo imbangi yayo esemqoka - eRussia.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka ukhona, NATO uye waqina futhi kwaqinisa izibopho phakathi amalungu. ISivumelwano ngokwayo wakhonza njengephayona isisekelo futhi iba isibonelo kwabanye ngamazwe Izivumelwano zokuphepha. Namuhla, umbuzo ukuthi NATO kuyinto, ungaphendula ngokuzethemba: ingenye impumelelo umbimbi ukuzivikela yazo zonke izikhathi, okuyinto okwamanje kuthinta simo izinguquko ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. izwe lethu ikusasa ugcwele izinsongo aziwayo futhi engaziwa. NATO ingaba njengesihluthulelo yesibani olwandle izingozi ehlukahlukene.