Kwemoya kwezilwandle

Iminyaka, izinto ezenziwa abantu kuye ushintshe iplanethi olunesivunguvungu ngale ukuqashelwa, kanye nezinga yalezi zinguquko, kakhudlwana futhi okuqhubekayo okwengeziwe ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ochwepheshe we-US National Center for Ecological Analysis Synthesis, wabonisa ukuthi u-40% olwandle ivolumu global siguqulwe ngaphansi kwethonya yomuntu, futhi kube nzima nakakhulu. Abacwaningi ihlaziye imisebenzi 17 ehlukene kakhulu ezithinta ukungcola global ocean -. Imfucuza Radioactive, amagesi abamba ukushisa, lokuthumela, njll, kanye acabangele izici chemical - uwoyela, umquba, izinsimbi, njll

Bazenzelé isiphetho esidumazayo. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, ezindaweni angcoliswe kakhulu olwandle kukhona Sea: Norwegian, North, South China ne-East China. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi abo tibheke ezisekelweni eziningi uwoyela kokuba ngenkuthalo ukudoba, kanye lapha iwe emifuleni ingcole kakhulu. wezindlu kancane futhi ngamazwe aseMedithera nase -Sea of Japan, kanye emanzini asogwini esempumalanga United States. Lapha ezinabantu abaningi ogwini futhi nemifula eminingi imikhumbi.

Kukhona Yiqiniso, emhlabeni ezindaweni ocean hhayi walizwa ithonya indoda, kodwa bahlala 3% kuphela wamanzi emhlabeni. Ziyakwazi eduze izingongolo.

Ake sicabangele kwimithombo ehlukahlukene, umthelela kakhulu ukungcola emhlabeni ulwandle.

Omunye uwoyela main luyaphi ku amanzi okusimamisa noma abakhwabanisi amanzi emathangini avuzayo emhlabeni noma ukuvuza, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa yayo nezinto zokuhamba. Minyaka yonke, ulwandle is agcwaliswa by amathani 10 million lamafutha. Amafutha ifilimu isivele embozwe 20% endaweni emhlabeni.

imfucuza Radioactive, ezithinta global ocean ngesimiso semvelo, futhi simele ingozi enkulu empilweni yamanzi expanses, nezinzulu Zomhlaba. Kusukela ngo-1946, yaqala nkinga asebenzayo kwemfucumfucu enemisebe yenuzi ewuketshezi emanzini olwandle nokulahlwa lezi kanye nenye imfucumfucu phansi olwandle ngamazwe ezifana UK, USA, France, Italy, eU.SSR, eJalimane, njll

Zinambuzane usongo enkulu ukuba semvelo ulwandle. Basuke eyayenziwe wadala izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula izifo isitshalo kanye izinambuzane. Ukwakha zinambuzane ukhiqiza byproducts ukuthi ihlangana zibe indle kanye ukungcolisa kwabo futhi lapho ke awela ulwandle.

surfactants Zokwenziwa (ngaphandle ejenti asebenzayo) futhi baye baba nendima enkulu e ukungcola emhlabeni ulwandle. Insipho ayingxenye zinambuzane kanye insipho zokwenziwa base kabanzi abantu, ukunciphisa amaphaphu kobuso amanzi. Ziqukethe izithako anobuthi ezibangela umonakalo ongalungiseki eziphilayo emanzini.

Carcinogens bavame ukuba aguqulayo umsebenzi futhi kungabangela ukuphazamiseka ukuthuthukiswa embryonic ne ngokuguqula izakhi eziphilayo. umthombo ngokuyinhloko noqhekeko materials organic ovuthayo ngezinto ezahlukene, nophethiloli nezinkuni. izinto ezibanga umdlavuza nomthelela ukungcola kwamanzi. ingqondo emanzini global idlule 100 UG / kg ndaba ezomile.

I izinsimbi ezisindayo lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa futhi ukuwela olwandle, ukumela ezinobungozi ukuba biocenosis zasolwandle, ikakhulukazi cadmium, mercury nomthofu. Njalo ngonyaka kuleli hydrosphere is zihlakazekile 455 ayizinkulungwane. Amathani mercury kanye amathani 15-30 ngomthofu.

Amazwe amaningi ukuthi ukufinyelela kolwandle, amanzi kukhishelwa endlini imfucuza ngenhloso ukulahlwa. Ikakhulukazi, zisezintsha wenziwe ngezinto ezifana kukadoti slag imishini, futhi amakhemikhali iziqhumane, imikhiqizo side umkhakha, doti, njll Umqulu lokungcwatshwa abafika kwabangu-10% esisindo sazo zonke izinto ukungcola olwandle.

Yiqiniso, amanzi kukhona izakhiwo esizihlanzayo, kodwa umkhawulo othile. yokungcola olunjalo oluqinile kwezilwandle, abakwazi kabusha. Ngakho-ke, abantu kufanele ucabange kulondolozwa kwemithombo yamanzi, okuyinto ziwumthombo obalulekile izidingo bokuphila labantu emhlabeni.