Lapho uthuthukisa umbungu mammalian? ikakhulukazi ezincelisayo

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle (7 ekilasini ofunda lesi sihloko esigabeni emayelana nezilwane) sihlanganise zonke izilwane ukondla izingane zabo ubisi. Njengoba lena ikilasi elikhulu ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, kukhona ngeengaba eziningana phakathi lobu bunye ehlelekile. Omunye wabo kusekelwe lapho umbungu mammalian eba. Lo mbuzo thina iyohlola ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

zinhlobo mammalian

Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo izilwane dioecious ephakeme. Futhi nabesifazane, futhi abesilisa baye abhanqiwe gonads: ezikhiqiza amaqanda futhi testes, ngokulandelana. Bavula phandle iziteshi ezikhethekile. Ngoba konke lokhu izilwane sici kuphela kokukhulelwa yangaphakathi. Nokho, kusukela lapho asathuthuka umbungu mammalian incike ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa ezingeni wayo.

Ngobani yinotheria

Strange kodwa kuyiqiniso: kukhona ezincelisayo ukuthi amaqanda. Zibizwa ngokuthi "yinotheria" futhi akha iyunithi elilodwa kuphela - monotremes. Futhi okuthiwa ngakho ngoba lezi zilwane abe cloaca. Lo is trait bakudala, isici chordates odlule. I cloaca kuyinto ukuvulwa olulodwa kulo imikhiqizo ababonakali ngezikhundla exchange urinary, wokugaya ukudla bese izinhlelo zokuzala.

Yinotheria abambalwa kakhulu ngesibalo, zihlanganisa izinhlobo 6 kuphela. Izindawo zawo zokuhlala - Australia ne iziqhingi eduze. ababamele kukhona echidnas, platypus nezinhlobonhlobo izihlahla ezinameva Nesambane. Abanaso izingono nobisi ngokusebenzisa Amapayipi we nezindlala ukhululeka ebusweni isikhumba. I Cubs kufanele ukhotha it, ukuze usuthe.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu into engavamile Akukhona ukubukeka lezi zilwane. Echidna kakhulu efana a inhloli ezinkulu. izinaliti zayo ezinde futhi abukhali lutho kodwa ukuguqulwa izinwele ezehlela bonke ezincelisayo. Ngezansi kubo wembozwe ijazi obukhulu. Futhi lapho ucabanga yokuthi ngaphambili ingxenye nomlomo is side in the lezi kanye nemilenze kukhona izinselo abukhali eyenzelwe yokumba, echidna futhi ingabe ukukhumbuza kumnandi isilwane nhlobo. zesifazane yabo kufakazela iqanda elilodwa. Bona ngokucophelela ukuwulondoloza emaphaketheni isikhumba elise ohlangothini ventral zomzimba.

Platypus ubukeka ngayo ihluke ngokuphelele. Ngesihloko sayo lula ngempela ukuqagela ukuthi unesikhathi ekhaleni ububanzi futhi flat. On iminwe ahlelwe ulwelwesi ebhukuda, nomsila has simise esiyisicaba, wenzisa okwengane emaphikweni. Platypus amabhu amaqanda abo izidleke, okuyinto ngendlela evumelana nabo.

Lezi Subclass izilwane

Kwalezi zilwane enifana wukuthi anika kodwa izala izinhlanzi eziphilayo kanye, ukuba abophe kubo, nanjengezinyoni ezibanjwa. Abanalo cloaca, kanye Amapayipi we wokugaya ukudla, izinhlelo wokuzala kanye urinary ukuvula ehlukile, izimbobo ezikhethekile. Kuye lapho umbungu mammalian eba, ukuhlukanisa marsupial futhi esinomhlapho ezincelisayo.

squad marsupial

Kuyinto futhi nezakhamuzi ejwayelekile zaleli zwekazi lase-Australia. Basuke izimpawu yokuthi indawo lapho asathuthuka umbungu mammalian (amaqanda), bashiya ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi baye ulahlekile ngokuphelele placenta. Ngenxa yalokho, i-abasha bazalwa beya, isayizi esincane, futhi ayikwazi ukwenza ukuphila ezimele. Emva kokuzalwa esithile basuke isikhumba bag, futhi elitholakala ohlangothini ventral zomzimba. Yavula futhi Amapayipi we nezindlala mammary.

A usana ibuthakathaka ngakho futhi ungenamandla ukuthi okokuqala awukwazi ngisho ncela bebodwa. Imisipha nezindlala angesabi sinciphile ngokuzenzakalela elitsazayo ubisi hot emlonyeni isilwane esincane marsupial. Abamele lezi zilwane ngokuyinhloko i-kangaroo. Bayakwazi ngesivinini ka engaba ngu-60 km / h.

Lalivamile e-Australia iyi-marsupial bear koalas futhi opossum.

Esinomhlapho lapho umbungu mammalian eba

Ukuthuthukiswa enkulu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela chithi iplanethi, safinyelela ezincelisayo, ne esibelethweni, okuyinto kuveza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa placenta. It lubopha umama nengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngemva kumiswa imithambo yegazi wenziwa emishinini yokuphefumula kanye exchange izakhi. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba esizayo unikezwa yonke imigomo ebalulekile nemibandela, bese udonga lesizalo ivikelwe kusuka kwezimo zendawo ezimbi. Ezuza amandla ngokwanele ukuba ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa a iphila futhi emva kwesikhashana ukuya khona ezimele. Indlela okuqhubekayo le mfanelo, uthi isibalo isikhundla izilwane evelele ukuthi umzimba. Izinambuzane, amalulwane, namagundane, Lagomorphs, Artiodactyla kanye namahhashi, carnivores, pinnipeds - lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele amayunithi ukuthi kukhona esinomhlapho. Yebo, futhi wezinkawu, okuhlanganisa yesimanje ukubukeka Homo sapiens, safinyelela ukuthuthukiswa ukubonga kwayo kuze kube sekubeni khona lesi sici kanye.

Ikakhulukazi ezincelisayo: emihle nemibi

Yiqiniso, ukuthuthukiswa umbungu kwesibeletho nge placenta yindlela ephelele kakhulu. Ngezinye kumiswa lesizalo yayo odongeni blastoderm uvalwe tho. I-placenta zonke izinto ezivumelana emzimbeni kamama zithutha phakathi isidumbu sengane. Esesiswini akazange esabe wanoma iziphi izinguquko lokushisa, noma abaphangi. Ngokwemvelo, oviparous zisesimweni ezingenawo la mathuba. Lena yokuthi sobala. Yiqiniso, amaqanda aqukethe esiningi izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ekwakhekeni umbungu. Kodwa bangase baba yizisulu ezifiselekayo zazo nezilwane ezidla inyama. Futhi uma ucabanga ukuthi inani esiphezulu amaqanda 3-4, ungahlukaniswa ngokuvamile ube kwesokunxele ongenabo abantwana. marsupial Young bazalwa ampofu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhathi inqubo kwabakhulelwe Possum nginezinsuku ezimbili nje amasonto. Ngokwemvelo, esikhathini ezifana esifushane umzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana akanayo isikhathi ukufinyelela esigabeni efanele yentuthuko.

Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa ezincelisayo inezici ezivumela ukuhlanganisa kubo ngamaqembu amathathu, ngalinye zazo has siqu izici zayo lithathelwe: monotremes, ama-marsupial futhi esinomhlapho.