Amahhovisi kahulumeni - sembuso eMbusweni Russian. izindawo zomphakathi zokuhamba: izici, umlando kanye umgubuzelo ezithakazelisayo

Ngo yolimi lwanamuhla isiRashiya amazwi kakhulu ngokuvamile olusebenzisile nemigomo othathwe nezinye izilimi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene yazo yokukhuluma yemihla ngemihla futhi imininingwane ephathelene ne-focus ewumngcingo emsebenzini babo bomsebenzi. Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva le nqubo usezuze umkhuba ukuhluka - sabuyela nemigomo ye eside ukhohliwe esidlule zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. ethemini usukela kule amazwi "entsha ubudala" "izindawo zomphakathi", okuyinto iminyaka eminingi manje izichazamazwi kwaphawula "akusebenzi". Ngakho lokho kusho ukuthini? Kungani emuva yolimi lwanamuhla Russian?

izindawo zomphakathi: Ukukhonjwa kanye kwebalingisi

Emahhovisi uhulumeni waseRussia Empire nabizelwa izikhungo zombuso, lapho izikhulu sabantu aphethe ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene. Ngalokhu eside siqondwa hhayi kuphela isikhungo ngokwayo, kodwa ukuyakha ithatha. Ngokuvamile abantu ukudida eminyangweni ehlukahlukene, ezifana Office reception, ebabizela konke umqondo owodwa - "izindawo zomphakathi."

Lezi zinhlangano ziye kwadingeka umsebenzi wabo wokuziphilisa nowasekhaya isakhiwo ethile ephethwe yisigungu sesonto, Nokho, okuyinto, akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa ukuthuthukiswa enkohlakalo nangobudlova bureaucratic, okuyinto evame ezincwadini zomlando. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu abavamile ezimweni lapho iphepha oyifunayo abakwazanga ukufinyelela kusuka abakhalazayo kumamukeli, njengoba iya elide kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya komunye presences. Ngokuvamile, izikhulu bacela isinxephezelo yezimali ukulethwa okusheshayo sicelo ehhovisi elifanele.

Lezi zikhungo yayikhona kuze Revolution. Kamuva uyekwa njengoba engadingekile futhi kabusha njengoba ezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Umlando okuvela endaweni esemthethweni

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi into efana "izindawo zomphakathi", kwaphakama kuphela ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha-nesikhombisa. Kodwa eqinisweni lezi zikhungo ezahlukene kancane njengoba kukhona kakade ekhulwini weshumi nane. Ngokuvamile, ukuthi akuphi ku ezibiyele - indawo ephephe kunazo edolobheni. Yakhiwa entabeni futhi manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngodonga, kulapha lapho kwaku izakhiwo ukuthola izakhamuzi.

Ngu ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha amahhovisi kahulumeni ekugcineni akha kahulumeni ahlukene kanye baqala ukuhlala ezindaweni ngokukhethekile bakhelwe lesi sakhiwo. Kwezinye izimo, egumbini elilodwa babe izikhungo eziningana ezahlukene. Kungaba ifemu yomthetho, namajaji kanye namahhovisi izikhulu zikahulumeni zendawo. Cishe yonke imibuzo evela emphakathini kuze ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili zalunga emahhovisi kahulumeni.

Amahhovisi kahulumeni: ukubaluleka kokuphila eMbusweni Russian

Ungayithathi kalula ukubaluleka nezikhungo zomphakathi emlandweni Russia, njengoba ezifundazweni eziningi akude, babengabokuqala ukuphela kwendlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kanye neziphathimandla. Ngakho-ke, isimo sazo nokuqukethwe ezilungisiwe ngokucacile ezingeni zomthetho. Izincomo wawuthi:

• Izikhulu eziningi zakulesi emahhovisi;
• isikhala elingaphakathi;
• ukutholakala kanye amapheshana ekwazisa isigaba;
• incazelo izinto ezikhethekile ukuze kuvikeleke imibhalo kanye nemali.

scrupulousness enjalo ifakazela anencazelo ekhethekile indawo esemthethweni ohlelweni zezikhungo zomphakathi. Bakhandwa emelelwa ezintathu izinhlobo:

• amahhovisi kahulumeni kamasipala;
• County;
• yesifundazwe.

Ngalinye sikhungo ukwenza imisebenzi yaso futhi kwakuhloselwe ukuzithoba izitho ephakeme.

Emzini ngamunye kwase kunamahhovisi kahulumeni?

Inombolo indawo esemthethweni on ensimini of the Empire, Russian akunakwenzeka ukwazi, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi zaba khona kuyo yonke imizi. Ngisho County yakithi encane kwadingeka izikhungo eziningana ezifanayo. Lokhu utlole ngisho Gogol mkhulu ahlekisayo "U-Inspector General". Amahhovisi babe izindawo edolobheni kulo msebenzi avele kithi njengoba isethi wemikhuba bureaucratic nokuhaha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umbhali wafuna ukubonisa zonke izinto ezenzeka ojwayelekile edolobheni. Lena ubufakazi obucace njengalobu iningi inani elikhulu endaweni esemthethweni e pre-wamavukelambuso Russia.

Ukwakhiwa indawo esemthethweni: isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando entsha e Russian umbuso izakhiwo

Kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha kwaba ukwakhiwa omkhulu zezakhiwo esikhethekile nama-ejenti kahulumeni. Ngu yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ukwakhiwa waqala emadolobheni laseSiberia akude, bakuphi isibonelo isitayela, yabeka nazo zonke ezinye izakhiwo. umzamo Iningi ingena amahhovisi kahulumeni yesifundazwe. Ezifundazweni eziningi wangaphambili laseSiberia, belondoloziwe kube yilolu suku nakwa babe isimo esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo.

Ukudala imisebenzi yakho ye-abakhi langaleso sikhathi wasebenzisa amasiko classical isiRashiya, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlanganisa isitayela ezifundeni ezahlukene Russian. Cishe zonke ekwakheni indawo esemthethweni kwakwenziwa isitayela classicism Russian. Kamuva yaphinde kabusha futhi wathola izakhi okwengeziwe okuhlobene ngaphezulu Amathrendi yamuva. Etholwe ngenxa Symbiosis kanye nenye izitayela uyisibonelo eziyingqayizivele umcabango yezakhiwo eMbusweni Russian.

Sebenzisa kwegama elithi ezweni lanamuhla

Igama elithi "Amahhovisi yomphakathi" kwaqala ukubuyela ulimi olukhulunywa ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka. Ekuqaleni, ezovela amaphepha zokulawula mayelana nesigameko kulungiswe omkhulu zezakhiwo okungewakho ohulumeni emadolobheni kanye nezikhungo lesifunda. Kodwa manje ibinzana alisetshenziswa Ngomqondo obanzi ezifana ngaphambili. Ngo asemthethweni likhuluma isikhundla eliyifa, ise zikahulumeni. Lezi zimfuneko ekhethekile ukuze sithole induduzo, impahla kanye isizinda lobuchwepheshe. Ngokusho imithetho neziqondiso, amahhovisi kahulumeni kuzomele sifake egumbini lokulinda, ulwazi kanye reception yomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukhululekile futhi babe ahlukene amakamelo sanitary izivakashi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yavela naleli gama sasingakafiki wabuya, kodwa inqubo ukuqaliswa kwalo itotoba. Phela, ngokuvamile ngenxa nomqondo asemthethweni ngokushelela ku isimo amagama avame ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwabantu.