Lexicon - isayensi ukuthi ufunda iqoqo lamagama

Igama elithi e kusihloko kwalesi sihloko, inezincazelo ezimbili. Incazelo silulumagama kungaba indlela ekabili: lesi simanga ngokolimi, bese etadisha isayensi yakhe.

Uyini isichazamazwi

Okokuqala, silulumagama - ezithile amazwi ngolimi oluthile, umkhiqizo (kulesi simo futhi ukhulume mayelana nethesorasi), indoda. Kulo mBhalo, ungase ngokuvamile ukuthola eside methodical "silulumagama".

Okwesibili, lexicology - isifundo esiphathelene izwi. Abakwazi ukuhlola okuvela kubantu abaningi: ke obuke ukuze ubone ukuthi ekushintsheni Isikhwama amayunithi ngolimi oluthile, futhi phezu indlela efanayo noma sigodzi ezahlukene eduze, nokuthi ngamunye amathokheni okuqinisekisa. ezinye izingqinamba jikelele Kukhona futhi. Basitshela amazwi nhlobo.

Logology

Igama izifundo kusukela izinhlangothi ezahlukene. Morphology ucabangela incazelo yohlelo lokubhala yayo, morphemics futhi kwakhiwa kwemagama - yayo isakhiwo morphemic futhi imodeli. Lexicon - isifundo esiphathelene izwi njengoba enjalo: incazelo yalo, umlando kanye nobudlelwane nezinye amayunithi namalimi wemiphakathi.

Word (noma lucebe izinto, amathokheni) ngolimi kukhona uhlelo yayo ezithakazelisayo, ephapheme futhi ivumelane e siqu. Ezinye zazo zifana kakhulu abanye ngokwencazelo yaleli futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ngomqondo ofanayo (kuyinto uhlelo lahlotshaniswa), kanti abanye okuphambene linencazelo (ke bomcondvophika naseduze, izenzakalo ezifanayo). Omunye kungaba ephila ezitholakala embhalweni owodwa, abanye ziyangqubuzana ngakho, ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwawo i etheksthini yinye ubukeka uyinqaba noma funny. Kwezinye izimo, kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa iyunithi wedwa, kwabanye basebenzisa kuyinto nhlobo (lezi zinkinga kusingathwa isitayela). Ngakho-ke, njengoba nesilulumagama izifundo zesayensi akuyona nje izwi ngayinye, kodwa uhlelo ngokwayo, imithetho yayo, imithetho, iziqondiso kanye nabasha.

Izigaba silulumagama

Njengoba ubona, silulumagama - it is a isayensi ne indawo enkulukazi isithakazelo, ngakho njalo engela sibheke igama noma isichazamazwi sesistimu uhlola kwesigaba yayo ekhethekile. Okokuqala, phakathi kwabo onomasiology (isayensi "yokuqamba", noma "isigaba"), engasho lutho futhi semasiology (ngaphakathi kubo ihlola inshokutsi yemagama, ukubaluleka, isakhiwo yayo), phraseology (izifundo kwegama efanayo lomkhuba ngokolimi), onomastics (ngokucabangela amagama ekhona kakade ), i-etymology (ekutadisheni imvelaphi yemagama), isitayela (zazo eshiwo ngenhla) futhi Leksikhografu (incazelo igxile silulumagama, bokwakha izichazamagama).

On ezinye zalezi zingxenye siyakuvuna sihlolisise kulesi sihloko.

phraseology

Silulumagama - isifundo amagama nje kuphela, kodwa inhlanganisela enjalo lapho bakha inhlangano enamandla. Lokhu "ubunye" kuyinto indivisible ukuze usebenze inkulumo cishe ngendlela efanayo amagama. inhlanganisela enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi ama phraseology.

Kuyinto kahle ujwayelene izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi 'ezimbili uhlobo "," zizifunele phansi umgqomo "," isipikili endlini hhayi ukushayela "nokunye. D. Ngamunye amagama ukubunjwa inhlanganisela enjalo cishe balahlekelwa incazelo yalo. Njengobe abengakwati konkhe loko okushiwo iyunithi phraseological, ke kuwumzabalazo ukuba "ukuhoxisa" kusukela imigomo abamelwe yayo "izingxenye" (njengoba akusiyo amathokheni ngempela, izazi zolimi bathi it is a "ingxenye" phraseologism). zokwakheka ezinjalo ngokuvamile abantu bakwamanye amazwe bekhungathekile ngenxa yokuthi incazelo yawo - akusiyo isamba incazelo yamagama, kodwa kunalokho, noma iphuma ku umlando Isisho noma isithombe esithile kwezobuciko. Umlando ukuvela phraseology - yezindawo ethandwa kakhulu futhi okuthakazelisayo zocwaningo.

Lezi zinhlanganisela okuqinile kanye amathokheni ezikhona, futhi ubuhlobo obuseduze nomunye kanye amayunithi lucebe. Ngakho, uma sikhuluma kahle isichazamazwi - isifundo esiphathelene amazwi netisho.

etymology

Umlando walo kuyinto phraseologism hhayi kuphela ngamunye, kodwa ithokheni ngamunye. Lexicon - isifundo esiphathelene amagama samanje nesikhatsi lesengcile. Etymology uyazicabangela umsuka emayunithi elulwimi. Ukuze Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha kubalulekile, kungani le nhlanganisela imisindo kanye kwaba kuyinto (okuthiwa) lokhu noma leso senzakalo. Mhlawumbe izwi yake ethathwe ngolimi oluthile? Kusukela lokho? Mhlawumbe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ithokheni zonakaliswa, laqala ukusetshenziswa uzwakale ngakho ungathandi version yayo yasekuqaleni, ukuthi abezindaba yesimanje ayekile ukubona ubuhlobo bayo kuze seligama, saphela uqaphele ukuthi kusekelwe - impande owaziwa. incazelo Etymological (okushiwo eye linamathele ithokheni ngesikhathi nesenzakalo ngolimi) ngokuvamile emangalisayo futhi kungaba ezisikhanyisela okushiwo iyunithi lucebe kweqiniso; it is ngokuvamile hhayi kuphela kusenza sicabange ngokumba izwi, kodwa futhi ukuthi siphinde sicabangele isimo sabo sengqondo ukuze lo mkhuba lapho eliyikhethile.

Iyiphi inguqulo ngemvelaphi igama kufanele lusekelwe ekwazini ngobuciko umlando ulimi. Ngeshwa, kule minyaka yamuva, naphezu ukuthuthukiswa wesayensi yezilimi kanye nomlando idatha, kukhona amacala incazelo ngokungadingekile ukuzalwa amathokheni okuqinisekisa. Ngokuvamile etimologizirovanie engiwenzayo ukhonza kwezombusazwe abazinze ithuluzi azihlangani "kwabekwa nesisekelo esingokwesayensi" asho imiqondo yabo kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe.

Isemanthikhi futhi semasiology

Njengengxenye engasho lutho silulumagama - yezinto incazelo yegama elithi. "Sema" - kuyinto ezinye izakhi sakugcina incazelo. Meaning of ithokheni ngamunye - kuba inhlanganisela yabo ehlukile. Kuyinto ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo ukuqhathanisa isakhiwo inshokutsi yemagama ontanga kusukela ngezilimi ezahlukene. Phakathi kwe-isakhiwo kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo lezi zinto sakugcina okusho nje ngokucacile ukukhombisa indlela ehlukile zifana Uma unganakile, igama ezilimi eziyimixhantela ezahlukene, kodwa kwenze kucace ukuthi ahlukahlukene yokucabanga yabantu bawo wayeyokwazi yini "asungula" le.

Yiqiniso, naphezu 'lunye ", konke lokhu amagatsha yesayensi kukhona eduze okuhlobene nomunye futhi ufunde, eqinisweni, omunye mkhuba, ukugxila ezinhlangothini zalo ezahlukene, futhi kuba inhlanganisela izindlela eziningi kwenza ulimi yezindawo ethokozisa isimanga kanye ezanda wesayensi yezilimi.