Likuphi Mordovia esiqiwini? Mordovia State yokulondoloza imvelo kubo. P. G. Smidovicha: umlando, incazelo, isithombe

Kulesi sihloko, sifuna ngikuxoxele esiqiwini laseMordovia. Itholakala esifundeni Temnikov Mordovia, ezonini ye lezihlahla namahlathi coniferous, futhi ihlathi, phezu lomfula Moksha. Le ndawo isamba wokugodlwa amahektha kuka amathathu anamabini amawaka, anamakhulu komhlaba.

Kusukela umlando esiqiwini

Mordovia agcinele kubo. P. G. Smidovicha yasungulwa ngo-March 1936, futhi igama lalo lanikezwa yokudumisa umsebenzi isimo ngesikhathi, obesebenza nokongiwa kuleli zwe.

Wawuyini umgomo wazo wokuqala kwaba ukudalwa sabantu sokubuyiselwa reserve ihlathi ehlaselwe Imi futhi ngomlilo. Ngo-1938, izihlahla ehlathini zone elahlekile kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili esingamahektare izihlahla. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje kukhona umzabalazo ekulondolozweni landscape yemvelo esifundeni.

Mordovia agcinele kubo. P. G. Smidovicha nasezindaweni ezizungezile aqukethe izikhumbuzo zomlando eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapha ungathola ukuhlaliswa kwabantu ngisho yokupaka Neolithic. Esikhathini nesikhombisa - lamashumi amabili eminyaka, engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Murom amahlathi okuqondene yesigodlo, izikhonzi abazama ukulondoloza futhi ukwandisa izinsiza ihlathi. Bakha ngaseziseleni esikhethekile nkinga namaxhaphozi. Izinsalela umsebenzi wabo walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu.

Esiqiwini kukhona observation njalo isimo izinhlobo eziyivelakancane izitshalo ku fixed ezimali ezisekelweni.

zone Area evikelwe

Mordovia State Reserve okuthiwa. P. G. Smidovicha isendaweni ibhange kwesokudla Moksha. Umngcele kamasipala engxenyeni esenyakatho zone evikelwe ugijima Satis, okuyinto owumthelela Moksha. Umngcele wentshonalanga is okuchaza emfuleni Black, Moksha futhi Satis. Ohlangothini lwaseningizimu kusondela asemaqeleni, ngokwemvelo delineates imingcele ezweni evikelwe. It kuvela ukuthi emahlathini esiqiwini kufakwe indawo kwamahlathi coniferous kanye lezihlahla komngcele ehlathini-asemaqeleni.

Kepha isimo sezulu, kule ndawo evikelwe engena endaweni Atlantic-ezwekazini. Isikhathi ungqoqwane ngonyaka kuba izinsuku 135. lokushisa Subzero iqala ngo-November. lokushisa bufinyelelwe lapha degrees amane efudumele, futhi okungenani ebusika ukuze - degrees 48.

uhlelo amanzi

Uhlelo amanzi komhlaba evikelwe imelelwa emifuleni Big futhi Small Black, Pashto futhi Argoy. Kukhona ukusakaza ukuthi iyangena Moksha. Bonke futhi babe nemingenela yabo. Nokho, ingxenye ethile umfula wome ehlobo. Izimvula zasehlobo nethonya elitheni endleleni ezingeni amanzi emifuleni. izimvula ezinkulu kuphela kungaholela ukwanda ezingeni amanzi emifula. Iningi esiqiwini - endaweni okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi Pusta River. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga, kukhona ichibi, futhi eziningi kuzo, cishe amabili kweshumi. Kukhona ezinkulu nezincane ngosayizi.

Flora reserve

Reserve laseMordvinia ngokupheleleyo dibikeza ihlathi. Ingxenye yayo - zikaphayini. Kodwa kule ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nezisentshonalanga-birch amapheshana wabusa e-kahle central - zomgunyathi. Esikhathini kwimfunda lomfula oki sikhule Moksha, oneminyaka engu-izingalo eziyikhulu namashumi amane - eyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ngaphezulu imidondoshiya lasendulo, ogama yobudala ifinyelela iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu.

flora esiqiwini sika imelelwa 788 zezitshalo semithambo kanye 73 zezintaka moss. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu izimila - subtaiga (ukukhanya coniferous) amahlathi ezinhlobo ezehlukene. Specific zikaphayini-oki, * pine-Linden amahlathi zakule ndawo. Umswakama futhi inikeza ezihlukahlukene emahlathini. Lapha ungabona ezomile ulele zikaphayini amahlathi, nesihlahla sonwele eluhlaza, Alder futhi Poplar.

Mangisho ukuthi Mordovia reserve (isithombe enikezwa esihlokweni) alondolozwa insimu yalo eziningi namahlathi isesimweni sayo semvelo. amahlathi Pine zidonse isikhathi eside. Sula imingcele phakathi emahlathini izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Flora zone evikelwe

Ngo-1930, Mordovia reserve ngenxa Smidovich wahlanganyela ukuqaliswa amazwe izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni ezivikelekile. muskrat Ngakho echibini sakhishwa, izinyamazane nezimanakanaka, uyakhululwa esifundeni Maritime, okuyinto hhayi kuphela lajula lezi zitho, kodwa sekuyinto evamile ukuba ngempela esifundeni, futhi abameleli eminingi iningi ungulates. Of Voronezh esifundeni kanye Kherson (Askania Nova) zalethwa lapha Deer. Ngo-1940 wethula njengenyamazane. Kamuva wayisa inyathi futhi zinyathi, grey izinkomo Ukraine. Ngisho wadala zubropark ekhethekile, okuyinto yayikhona kuze 1979. Ngeshwa, umsebenzi okunye samiswa, zubropark ibhujisiwe, futhi izilwane ngokwabo zithunyelwe yokuhlala mahhala.

Ukubuyiselwa-beaver labantu

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, Mordovia State Reserve okuthiwa Smidovich elibuyiselwe ngizoqothulwa cishe ngokuphelele ngenani beaver. Umsebenzi uqalwe namathathu banesifo esibi ngasekupheleni. Manje Moksha River Basin beaver sesingochwepheshe eziningi.

abantu abayisishiyagalombili wathumela ukwakhisa eminye Mordovia, Ryazan, Arkhangelsk, Vologda futhi saseTomsk izifunda.

Beaver - izilwane ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ukuze aklaba futhi ukuze kwakhiwe, bona ezazigawula imithi. Badla amahlumela, bese ehlukana umgqomo ku ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Cabanga ukuthi bayakwazi knock phansi i-aspen imizuzu engaba mihlanu. A ngamasentimitha amane ubukhulu isihlahla usike kancane ngobusuku obubodwa. Ngu ekuseni ngemva komsebenzi wabo asebenzayo uhlala isiphunzi kodwa inqwaba sawdust kuphela. Ama-beaver ukuluma, emi imilenze yakhe indluzelekazi, kanti bonke abanye ngomsila. Imihlathi yazo, ngeke basebenze njengani isaha. Self-elola kwamazinyo izilwane, ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi ahlala ebukhali.

Amagatsha kusuka bawa isihlahla beaver kancane idliwe ndawo, kanti bonke abanye wahamba phezu komfula ukuze balale yakho noma endaweni lapho ziyofundiswa khona ngokuziphatha ukwakha idamu elisha. Ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ngisho umbe iziteshi ukukhonza ukuze bayise ukudla. Ubude isiteshi enjalo angase afinyelele amamitha ambalwa, ububanzi obuyisilinganiselo ngamasentimitha amahlanu. Ukujula kulokhu ifinyelela imitha elilodwa.

Ama-beaver bahlala Burrows, noma okuthiwa elachitheka. Yokungena emzini wabo uhlale ngaphansi kwamanzi. Nora izilwane bembe amabhange. Bayisibonelo eziyinkimbinkimbi uxhaxha uhlelo kokuba iminyango emine noma emihlanu. Izindonga naphansi beaver aphathwe ngokucophelela. Ngokuvamile yokuhlala ngokwayo itholakala endaweni imitha elilodwa ukujula, it has a ububanzi imitha elilodwa ukuphakama ngamasentimitha amahlanu. Izilwane ucabangisise kahle ngezinselele izindlu ukuze ukuphakama emabhilidini endlini ngamasentimitha amabili ngaphezu kwamanzi. Uma ngokungazelelwe ezingeni amanzi omfula liphuma, i-beaver ngokushesha evusa phansi, ukuhwaya ngeziningi zezinto zokwakha ophahleni.

Efaka izilwane ukwakha kulezo zindawo lapho ungeke umgodi. Lena coast ongaphakeme exhaphozini noma angajulile. Izindonga zendlu yaphahlekwa daka noma zobumba, kuba eqinile futhi zingakwazi ukufunda noma iyiphi umhlaseli. Air ingena endlini ngokusebenzisa ophahleni. Ngaphakathi kukhona eziningi uhamba. Nge ukuqala abandayo izilwane sezulu ngci ekhaya lakho konke ebusika futhi azigcina zero lokushisa. Lazy emanzini neze eba yiqhwa, ngakho ama-beaver ungahlala uya ngaphansi ice lwechibi. Phakathi yesithwathwa ezinzima eqhugwaneni ungabona umusi. Lithi endlini usendaweni okuhlalekayo kuyo. Ngezinye izikhathi yokukhokha isilwane ngesikhathi esifanayo ilungu Burrows futhi izindawo zokulala. Ucabangani, kungani ama-beaver awakha amadamu? Kulula kabi. Nokho ezinkulu Ziyakwazi, kodwa namagundane. Sinenkosi eziningi izitha: ibhere, impisi, Wolverine, ama-lynx. Ukuthi izitha ungatholi kubo, udinga ukugcwalisa emnyango. Beaver kungekho isithiyo, kanye nezinto ezidla phambi ngeke sifinyelele. Nokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuphila emanzini, lezi zilwane bengayi.

Lynx e Mordovia reserve

I wokugodlwa esivikelekile isilwane-lynx yase-fanele. It njengamanje Kulindeleke ukwanda kwenani lalesi silwane. Ngokusho abasebenzi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulo nyaka kukhona nokwanda kokungabi hare zabo eziyisisekelo korma-.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi ukurekhoda nokwanda kwenani labantu kanye nezinye izilwane ezifana izingwejeje nezimagqabhagqabha inyamazane. Mangisho ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwanda isibalo izingwejeje, izinyamazane, izimpungushe, Martens. Zonke lezi idatha eyatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukubhaliswa umzila, okuyinto ikuvumela ukulandelela izinguquko inani abathile.

Ngokuvamile trot - kuba isilwane enhle kakhulu futhi aqine ukuthi iwuphawu esiqiwini. Mordovia yokulondoloza imvelo okokuqala uthole ama-lynx ngoMashi 1941 ngemva ukuphila kwakhe. Khona-ke ngo-1942, abazingeli babulala abantu abathathu nje (kwaba insikazi futhi ama-lynx amabili amajuba), futhi kamuva - ngisho Amaduna amadala. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi noluncane isilwane ayisekho esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyisithupha.

Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1949, Mordovia Reserve wahlanganyela recolonization trot.

Lesi silwane libhekene Imizimba aminyene futhi eqinile, has a imilenze athuthukile kakhulu. Animal noboya enhle futhi obukhulu. Ukunuka a-lynx yase-athuthukile kakhulu, kodwa ukubanika ithuba lokuchaza futhi umbono - okukhulu. Njengazo zonke amakati, mkhulu ukukhuphuka izihlahla, ihamba bathule buthule, futhi kwenza eqa okukhulu for the isizinda uma kunesidingo. Ngokuvamile ama-lynx odla onogwaja futhi abanye izinyoni (grouse futhi grouse). Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi bayakwazi ukuhlasela inyamazane inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela ngokwalo, kuphela uma bebona ukuthi singanqoba. Ngenxa izimo olubhaliwe ukuhlaselwa ezinyamazaneni, izinyamazane. I-lynx yase-lingumzingeli ebusuku.

Rumour has it ukuthi amakati anamandla kakhulu futhi womele igazi, kodwa ukhulume nokuhlaselwa abantu nehaba kakhulu. Uma isilwane asisho uthinte ke uqobo neze ngowokuqala ukuhlasela. Lynx, kunalokho, ezama ukugwema ohlangothini womuntu.

Ngeshwa, ngaphambili waphawula nokuncipha kwenani izinhlobo amakati zasendle. Kodwa manje ubukhulu labantu liye landa kakhulu.

Imisebenzi eyabelwe reserve

Mordovia State Reserve okuthiwa P. G. Smidovicha wenza imisebenzi ukuze kulondolozwe isimo engokwemvelo izakhiwo zemvelo (biotech, umlilo nezinye izenzakalo), izinyathelo ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kulondolozwe amahlathi, izinyathelo ngoba zokucisha imililo, kuhlomisa ezindaweni izimpawu, funda amabhodi.

Ukuze abasebenzi umsebenzi wokugodlwa ukuhlonza kanye nokugwema noma yikuphi ukwephulwa zone evikelwe. Mordovia Reserve uqhuba ukuqwashisa kwemvelo kuhlanganise nabafundi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lucwaningo umsebenzi wesayensi nocwaningo. Administration resort uhlela ulwazi eco-tourism. Lena ngokuyinhloko kudalwa ekhethekile emizileni emvelweni ngezindawo ukungcebeleka abahambi.

Mordovia reserve and eco-tourism

Inhloso yalo wokugodlwa ekulondvolota kanye nekusita ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, kunokuba ukufihla kubo emehlweni amagoda ayisikhombisa. Ngakho-ke Reserve Mordovia imatasa ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha semvelo. Lena ngokuyinhloko uhambo ezweni elisha futhi engaziwa. Lezi izinkambo ihlelwe emahlathini acwebile semisebenzi womuntu lehlukene ekucabanga kwengcondvo netintfo zemfundo.

Njengengxenye ezokuvakasha esiqiwini Sekuyisikhathi eside esungulwe emizileni emvelweni, zosizo ezikhethekile ukungcebeleka, isivakashi izikhungo kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Nokho, insimu ka esiqiwini ivaliwe, vakashela wakhe akuvunyelwe. Kodwa izinkambo waqondisa zingenzeka, kodwa ngokufaneleyo nangohlelo ngaphambi nabaphathi.

Kusukela 2013 esiqiwini uye futhi ube opharetha izivakashi we Russian Federation. izivakashi zayo inikeza eziyisishiyagalombili izinhlelo ezahlukene, izinkambo ivumelane yonke akuthandayo:

1. "Ukuvakashela esiqiwini" - Uhlelo wosuku olulodwa nge ukuvakashelwa epulazini emaphakathi kanye nemicimbi evumelanisiwe.

2. "Okuvikelwe Mordovia" - uhambo lwezinsuku ezingu-Umuntu oqondiswa ne Ukuvakashela ezikhangayo esemqoka esiqiwini.

3. Expedition ukuze Cordon Inorsky. Uhambo lwawo lwezinyawo wezinsuku eziyisikhombisa nge evakashele zezindela, izindawo ebabazekayo, kanye ubambe amaseshini ulwazi nezinhlelo.

4. Expedition ukuze Cordon Pavlovsky. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu izivakashi bahlala izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni, iya ku-TRIPS, ngokuvakashela zezindela kanye Manor ekhaya.

5. "Inkambo sokusinda ehlathini." Lokhu ukushaywa yakhelwe izinsuku ezinhlanu nge yokuhlala nokudla izimo mkhakha. Kumelwe ukuba abafundisi baseGileyadi uyonifundisa izisekelo zokuziphilisa endle, futhi ulindele ukuba balukhulume amakilasi.

6. "izilwane zethu". A hambo oluthakazelisayo ezweni izilwane zasendle. Umhlahlandlela uyotholakala ukwethula kini ukuba ukuphila zezinyoni nezilwane. Futhi kule amaholide ebusika ungakwazi ukugibela snowmobile.

7. Family Tour. Lolu hambo yakhelwe ngempelasonto. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngeke vakashela kuphela ezindaweni zokungcebeleka, kodwa futhi eziningi zezindela.

8. Tour "National Cuisine". Awukwazi kuphela ukujabulela ubuhle benarha evikelwe, kodwa futhi ukunambitha izitsha cuisine kazwelonke.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Mordovia yokulondoloza imvelo kubo. izitolo Smidovich futhi ivikela ingcebo yemvelo. Uma unquma ukuvakashela futhi ujabulele ubuhle bendawo, ungakhetha ngokuphelele ngokwabo omunye izinkambo eziyisishiyagalombili ahlinzekwa okwamanje. Bonke ehluke kakhulu futhi wonke umuntu bona bangathola kukho efanelekayo. Sifisela wena ukuphumula okuhle Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga futhi ujabulele ubuhle bendawo.