Izitshalo yemifino cultured: izinhlobo kanye nezici

izitshalo Vegetable - umqondo ngokwanele capacious, okuyinto imingcele esilufifi kakhulu. Basuke ngakho siqine ezimpilweni zethu ukuthi singazi ngisho cabanga yokuthi ke singasho sithi kubo, futhi lapho bephuma. Ngo ukulima, injongo eyinhloko ukutshalwa ukuthola imifino ekugcineni.

Ukwahlukanisa izitshalo yemifino

Izimpawu, okuyinto kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi izitshalo yemifino enkulu. Ba ungabahlukanisa izici hhayi kuphela morphological, kodwa futhi isikhathi umjikelezo wokuphila, kanye izimo ezikhulayo, isikhathi sokuvuna kanye nezinye izici eziningi. Noma kunjalo, konke okungenhla eside kunengqondo abalimi, kodwa umthengi isilinganiso sikhathazeka kakhulu Ukwahlukaniswa ingxenye edliwayo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izitshalo yemifino unganakile Ubonakala ehluke ngokuphelele, banayo eziningi izici ezivamile, okuyinto enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuzisho eqenjini. Ukwahlukanisa imifino akukhona ukuthi kubaluleke kuphela abalimi kodwa zokupheka, lezimpahla abacwaningi, zezitshalo.

I Botanical ngezigaba

izitshalo kutshalwa (imifino), izibonelo zazo abaningi bethu kungaletha inala kokuzijayeza ngelanga kungenziwa labizwa kuye yilungu lomkhaya noma eqenjini elithile Botanical. Ezweni lethu, kutshalwa ikakhulukazi imifino, omndeni Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae nobhontshisi. Ungase futhi ukuhlangabezana abameleli iklabishi, Amaryllidaceae, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi goosefoot.

Buhle ngezigaba Botanical ukuthi ikuvumela ukuba unciphise izitshalo (imifino) ngekwehlukahlukana yabo isibaluli izitshalo ahlobene, okuyinto ebaluleke lapho ekhula kubo. Nokho, nansi zokusabalalisa abathengi kuzokuhlupha kakhulu, njengoba for balimi abavamile.

Ukwahlukanisa bempilo

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyisigaba esikahle kakhulu abavamile balimi nayizimfundamakhwela abangenayo ngokujulile ulwazi wezitshalo. Ngokusho lokhu ngokuhlukana, uhlobo izitshalo zemifino kuchazwa ngokuthi yonyaka, biennial futhi zisetshenziswa.

Unyaka zihlukile kuleyo banayo umjikelezo wokuphila Eqala nokuhlwanyela iphela kumiswa imbewu, indawo ngomnyaka owodwa. Lezi zihlanganisa: .. Amakhabe, isitshalo seqanda, amakhabe, ukhukhamba, zucchini, radishes, njll Iningi lawo abantu ajwayelekile kithi kusuka ebuntwaneni futhi zikhona etafuleni lethu cishe nsuku zonke.

Ngo isitshalo biennial ngonyaka wokuqala zingase zimiswe kuphela rosette amaqabunga, kanye izitho ekhiqizayo, kungaba buthelela inqolobane ezithile izakhi. Khona-ke, uma izimo ziba zangaphandle sezulu okungekuhle, zingena kwesikhathi okuthiwa lokuphumula. Futhi nangu ngomnyaka wesibili simila usuqalile yakha stem nembali, bese kwakhiwa futhi uvuthwe izithelo. Lezi zihlanganisa: beet, anyanisi, iklabishi, izaqathe, parsley, kanye nezinye imifino evamile futhi ajwayelekile.

Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi kungavamile ngakho bantfu eliveni lakitsi kanye etshalwa ikakhulu okuncane. Izitshalo isiko Vegetable kwalesi silwane onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila amafomu izimpande kuphela, amacembe kanye efihlekile. Kodwa izitho zabo elikhiqizayo akha ikakhulu ngonyaka wokuphila wesibili nowesithathu. Abaningi yalezizindlela ukuba aphile ezintathu - iminyaka emihlanu. Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi iyefana biennials ukuthi ebusika bangena dormancy futhi aqale usabalalise izakhamzimba.

Ukuze Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi zihlanganisa: garlic, i-artichoke, horseradish, asparagus, Sorrel, onion Welsh, nabanye abaningi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, unyaka eziningi kungabuye kwakhula njengoba Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenzisa ukutshala in zokugcina. Kungenzeka futhi, futhi ukuhlanekezela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma izaqathe entwasahlobo eside amakhaza beet bangase baqale ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wokuqala.

Ukwahlukanisa isikhathi kwesikhathi vegetative , futhi indlela yokukhula

izitshalo Vegetable, izibonelo inikeziwe kulesi sihloko kungabuye bahlukaniswa ngokomthombo nangezinga obuphelele kwesikhathi sabo ezikhulayo. Kulesi sici, sifakazela bungabonakala izinhlobo zokuqala, maphakathi kanye sekwephuzile. Kodwa ngokusho indlela yokukhula izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa: komhlaba kanye Hothouse.

izitshalo Ground yemifino okuhloswe ukulima endle, kepha Hothouse - kuphela ukutshalwa zokugcina noma zokugcina. Nokho, kungaba imifino kuphela ongaphakeme ekhula esekhulile abamba ukushisa. Nokho, Okwamanje, ukutshala izitshalo in zokugcina zonke mancane amathuba okuthi ukusebenzisa phansi. Ngokuvamile, izimpande izitshalo ezibekwe isixazululo ekhethekile, esakhiwa iyinhlanganisela izakhi ezibalulekile. Kodwa kukhona bezibona ukuthi Imifino ngale ndlela, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi akusizi, ngisho noHezekeli - ungakulimaza umzimba womuntu. I eyigugu kakhulu zisekhona imifino eziwubhuqu.

Ukwahlukanisa nokugcina izinga ukudla asetshenziswe

Ukugcina izinga inquma ikhono esitolo zemifino. Kule ndaba singazibona izitshalo yemifino, okuvame ukuba bangene isimo ukuphumula, nalabo abangenayo izakhiwo ezinjalo.

Ngokusho ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye isitshalo kungenziwa ukudla, amaqembu amabili amakhulu bungabonakala: izithelo, imifino, noma okuzala futhi vegetative. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa izitshalo okusanhlamvu yemifino, ithanga nightshade. Futhi nangu yesibili ubalwe njengenye ajwayelekile kithi sonke, impande, tuber, isibani imifino, esinezimila ihlumela namasiko.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyisigaba esikahle kakhulu abathengi avamile nabasabalalisi imifino.

izitshalo Izithelo nemifino

Isici evelela yalezi imifino ubhekwa isici okungukuthi isithelo zemifino. Ezinye zazo ongasinika yona ngo lwesigaba of ripeness Botanical, abanye - esigabeni ukuvuthwa lobuchwepheshe. Lezi zihlanganisa wonke amakhabe ozithandayo, utamatisi, amakhabe, Ugalonci, nabanye abaningi. Lezi zitshalo udinga ukudala izimo kangangokuthi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uqale eziqhakaza futhi yakha izithelo. Kulokhu, kusuke kukufanelekele ukwenza kungakhathaliseki izithelo zabo elithile ripeness.

Izici ukutshalwa izitshalo yemifino

izitshalo kutshalwa (imifino), izibonelo zazo zingatholakala esihlokweni, futhi ezinye izici ezikhulayo. Okokuqala kuyafaneleka ukuthi indawo yokugcina lapha udlala indawo isakhiwo. Unganakile, kufanele sizame ukufunda amasu yezolimo imifino ukuthi ufuna ukuhlakulela esizeni sakhe.

izici eziphilayo walabo noma nezinye izimila nazo zikhula neqhaza yokuthi kubalulekile ukukhetha izimo zezulu we yemifino ethile. izitshalo Vegetable kudingeka ezivamile kulinywe yabo: akunakwenzeka iminyaka eminingi ngesikhathi esifanayo noma isitshalo ahlobene ukutshala kusayithi efanayo. Zonke ezinye izidingo elikhulayo akhethiwe luyingxenye ngabanye, kanye ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nenani Umanyolo ezidingekayo.

Ukwahlukanisa V I. Edelshteyna

Usosayensi Soviet Edelstein uye wazakhela ngezigaba ekhethekile, ukuze lokho kwenzeke kwakuzodingeka ukwehlukana izitshalo yemifino akuzona kuphela yemvelo, kodwa futhi ezimweni Agro-lobuchwepheshe. Ngokusho lokhu ngezigaba ingahlukaniswa imifino yethu: iklabishi, impande, tuber, ama, izithelo, amaqabunga, zisetshenziswa kanye amakhowe.

Ngayinye yalezi amakilasi usunike nomndeni.

ngezigaba Jikelele

Ngokuvamile, lokhu ngezigaba kungaba uyibize ngokuthi kwesayensi, the more it is elakhelwe abathengi. It imifino kungukuthi okuqoqwe Imfanelo Nokho, sigqame zinhlobo ezifana nezilimo eziyizigaxa, izimpande, izitshalo esigaxeni, iklabishi, enamaqabunga aluhlaza, okubabayo, onion, utamatisi, ithanga, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu, dessert. Kodwa uphayinaphu, ukuze wonke umuntu ukumangala, ososayensi baye akunqunywa kodwa futhi imifino noma izithelo.