Lo mbukiso neenthombeni - Iyini? Imigomo ukuchayeka ezithombeni

Digital SLR ikhamera manje kukhona cishe kuzo zonke umndeni, kodwa uzisebenzise kanjani ukuba ningaqondi bonke ukhathazwa. Uma photographer Ezifuna ke lesi sihloko ukuphi! Exposure photography - izisekelo ngakho photography okhokhelwayo. Awukwazi ukwenza noma yimuphi uzimele ezinhle, uma ungenayo nhlobo ke. Lona cwaningo izithombe lokuqala. Bamane kudingeka wazi imithetho yalo ukuchayeka photography. Amapharamitha ezifakwe kulo mqondo, unganakile Ubonakala emangalisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngakho, sibheka ukuthi yini kulo mbukiso isithombe. Indlela yokugwema amaphutha imfundamakhwela bezithombe? Kufanele siqale sifunde amagama aphansi, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo ungeke uluqonde noma isitatimende esisodwa, futhi ayikwazi practice nokusebenzisa iseluleko izihloko professional.

Imibandela

Lo mbukiso neenthombeni - lena uhlu imingcele ethize, ngasinye sazo ubukele esimweni lapho ukuqopha. Igajethi yakho, enqamula lens, okuthela elinganisiwe yokukhanya ongena kusukela ngaphandle, futhi ithumela izilungiselelo imiyalo. ukukhanya Good - esibalulekile ngoba isithombe esihle.

ukuchayeka nemingcele

Ake sicabangele ukubaluleka ukuchayeka nemingcele.

• Diaphragm (f). Gxila devaysa yakho babe amacembe mncane (plastic noma sensimbi), okuyinto uvula uphinde uvale imbobo lens. I beso kukhawula yokucucuza ukukhanya lapho sidlula-lens. Lokhu value ephawulwe ne f incwadi, kanti lesi sibalo elilandelayo ukukhombisa ukubaluleka kancane noma ngaphezulu. Kukhona into efana f-inombolo. It is okhonjiswe F / x. Kulesi x ingxenyenamba - kuyinto lens ubude ebalulekile.
• Ngcaphuno. Lokhu ipharamitha kukalwa ngemizuzwana bese kukhishwa nezingxenyana ezithile imizuzwana. Kusho isikhathi sokubeka izingcwecwe elangeni ugongolo ukukhanya phezu impahla ibe nokuzwela ikhamera.
• Photosensitivity (ISO) ubonisa indlela ifilimu noma i-matrix aphendvule yokucucuza ukukhanya. Ephakeme inomboro ISO, le licace isithombe.

ibhalansi elimhlophe

Omunye nemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu sokudubula - ukulinganisela emhlophe. BB obangela Umbala ozimele yakho. Lena ipharamitha eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto angeke wathinta ngesikhathi sokudubula ezijwayelekile. Enough silungisa igajethi yakho.

Kuqondane ukuthi photographer unganelisekile ukuhumusha umbala ozimele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba ulungise ezimhlophe silinganise ngokwakho. Ngenxa yale njongo, ompunga ikhadi ekhethekile. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke nje thatha isithombe ishidi elimhlophe lephepha. Its igajethi yakho, futhi kuzothatha njengendlela reference. Kunenye inketho izilungiselelo ungakhetha eyodwa yezinketho: kunamafu, Tungsten, ukukhanya Fluorescent nokunye.

Kusukela ochwepheshe ungase futhi ukuzwa inkulumo ethi "ekspopara" futhi "unxantathu yokuchayeka."

Ekspopara - a beso Ngohlelo nesivinini yokucina. Exposure Triangle - yonke nemingcele amathathu ashiwo ngenhla. Kufanele kube ngiqikelele ukuthi ngiphuza izithombe kwimodi manual, ngoba lapha ungasetha ipharamitha ngayinye. Kufanele wazi: ukushintsha ngamunye nemingcele ukuboniswa esithombeni.

Ukudlala diaphragm: umphumela bokeh

Isho ukuthini leyo igama funny? Lona uma isithombe sibonisa indoda futhi ababemzungezile ubona zangemuva ezifiphalisiwe, le lamatshwayo ezinemibala imibuthano, amachashazi, amakhekheba eqhwa, imivimbo ezinemibala. Ingemuva ubukeka nenhle, futhi lutho ekuphazamisayo kuye emehlweni. bokeh umphumela okwazi izithombe isidina kunazo ukwenza wobuciko! Ake abakuyo.

izilungiselelo zakho optical

Kulokho, isimiso, incike umphumela bokeh? Uma udinga ukuthola umphumela okwenyanga ngokukhethekile, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle izihlungi ekhethekile nje agqoke lens. Ukuze babe zangemuva ezifiphalisiwe nje okudingeka usebenzele kuzo izilungiselelo zamagajethi.

Ngakho bokeh incike:

• the isikhala ukujula;
• degree sokudubula Objects ensimini.

I degree of ukufiphala kunqunywa amapharamitha alandelayo:

• Imbobo. Kufeza indima ebalulekile kakhulu. La mahlamvu, ngaphezulu avuliwe, esilufifi ngaphezulu ngemuva iyoba. Enika! Qaphela lapho kokufaka beso evulekile kakhulu. Uma umuntu oyedwa kulesi sithombe Kuyophumela ethubeni, cishe, kahle, iqembu labantu noma isakhiwo kungenzeka ukuthi baphume esilufifi. Sebenzisa bokeh umphumela ngengqondo, hhayi yonke indawo kwenzeka into efanele.
• Ubude ebalulekile. Ayanda value, i-evelele umphumela kuyoba. Uma yokukhanya bakho ufanelekile lens zoom, kulula ijikise round.
• Ibanga into sokudubula. I eduze wena kumuntu, aba maningi amathuba okuba besizinda enhle esilufifi. Ungeqisi it, ngoba idivayisi okusadingeka ulungise ukugxila. Ngokufanele, phakathi komuntu kanye nesizinda kuyoba ibanga imitha elilodwa. Khona-ke ngemuva kuyoba wobuciko.

Abantu ababeke isithombe - lena isinkwa sabo, qala ukusebenza-beso lens. Lena imishini yobuchwepheshe ezibizayo, kodwa umphumela-lens bokeh kuvela kakhulu.

Ukufiphaza nazo efanelekayo lens Macro futhi esilufifi portrait lens. Isidingo sokuqala ngokudubula izinto ezincane kakhulu.

Bokeh umphumela futhi izinto ezazikhona

Ukudala umphumela ukufiphala, udinga ukuthenga eziningi okuhlungayo ezibizayo nekhamera behlupha izilungiselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. wokutakula abaningi abaqeqeshiwe kusho etholakalayo. Lokhu kungaba:

• polyethylene ifilimu;
• Indwangu engasindi (chiffon, organza);
• amaduku ngephethini ezithakazelisayo.

Lezi zinto ingasetshenziswa njengoba ngemuva. Ungakhohlwa: ekuphumeleliseni phakathi ingemuva kanye into kwaba ibanga imitha elilodwa.

Kunokunye ongakwenza kokusebenzisa upulasitiki. Ukugoqa ke emhlabeni lens, ukuze ayengaziqondi encane ibe eliyifanela isihloko. iphakethe Secure kungaba izingcezu ezincane yemigoqo ethile eminyangweni kahulumeni.

Sika isicucu ingilazi organic, amakhadibhodi, umbuthano orgalipta noma ezinye ukuma ofiselekayo. isihlungi okunjalo okuzenzela uzokwenza isithombe esiyingqayizivele, kodwa kanjani ukukulungisa ku lens. Indwangu noma scarves zingafakwa ku emaphethelweni lens ukuze uthole umphumela engavamile.

ukuchayeka Ukulungiswa

Lo mbukiso neenthombeni - lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho ake sixoxe indlela yokumisa ke. ikhamera ngamunye has nezimfanelo ezingavamile zomunye ayo ekwakheni mbukiso. Esikhathini incwajana uzothola indlela ukusebenzisa "okhiye okushisayo" umzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, e amadivayisi SLR Nikon usebenzisa inkinobho FN, ungalungisa ISO. Leli sondo eduze kwesikrini kuyokwenzeka ukulungisa ijubane yokucina. Ukuze ulungise beso, cindezela inkinobho elincane eduze inkinobho yokucina ukukhululwa.

Semi-othomathikhi imodi SLR amakhamera

Ukuze uthole izithombe nge ukuvezwa ezahlukene, ungakhetha omunye imodi semi-automatic we igajethi. Lokhu siyindlela esikhulu Wabasaqalayo. Ukushintsha kuphela ipharamitha eyodwa yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ezintathu, uthola ukuchayeka lengiyo izithombe digital.

Ngo SLR professional Canon ekhiqizwa ikhamera isithonjana isondo kusho tv yesivalo igunya; av - beso kuqala.

izindlela Creative at Nicon:

• M - Imodi Manual.
• P - Imodi semi-automatic.

Enika! Beginners kufanele usebenzise imodi semi-automatic, ukugxila beso igunya noma isivinini yokucina. Imodi Manual kuyoba nzima ekuqaleni. Akubalulekile ukuphila kwakho kube lula futhi balisebenzise othomathikhi nezilungiselelo. Njengoba kuboniswa umkhuba, kuba lula kuwe, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzobe nje lazy kakhulu ukuba siqonde izilungiselelo uzolahlekelwa amathuba okuwenza izithombe zokudala.

Iseluleko Professional kule ndaba kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa izithombe esihle bayokhululwa kuphela ngemva kokuba narabatyvaniya abakuyo. Shoot okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ubhale phansi amagugu kwemigomo obala kahle, kanye izinkomba, okuyinto kufanele kugwenywe.

Enika! Akufanele ukushaye indiva imiyalo ku negajethi. Lolu lwazi kuzokwenza ngokugcwele ukuba wenze isibhamu esikhulu.

isikali ukuchayeka

Izinga ukuchayeka - ipharamitha ukuthi ulandisa indlela kwesokudla uzibekela ukubaluleka unxantathu. Thola usebenzisa imiyalelo ikhamera yakho ukuchayeka ezingeni inkomba. Bheka kuye. Ingabe wavukela ilungelo? Isithombe uzokhanya kakhulu. Esimeni kwesokunxele - wachayeka. ukuchayeka Lungile photography - lena lapho uphawu at zero.

Scale ukuchayeka kungabuye kushintshwe ngesandla. Uma ukuchayeka isinxephezelo isethelwe kuqanda, futhi isithombe akuyona ukukhanya okwanele noma kumnyama, bese udlala nge inkomba kushelela.

Metering esithombeni (izindlela)

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu izindlela ukuchayeka photography. Lokhu-matrix, indawo kanye isilinganiso. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo:

• I-matrix ubizwa nangokuthi multi-zenani, okucatshangelwa ukuthi noma multioznym. Kule modi, ikhamera ngokwayo yenza metering ezithombeni. Ukuze usebenze kudingeka okukhanyisa iyunifomu. Kuyinto imodi awahluphi.
• Centre-isisindo. Mode kwenza olungalé beluyokuba iqhwa phakathi. Imiphetho izithombe esephelelwe umsebenzi. Imodi Omkhulu ukusebenza ku ekumeni.
• Point. Imodi nzima kakhulu. Newbie abakwazi ukubhekana naso. Okufanayo kulowo eyedlule, kodwa nesilinganiso kwenzeka% 5 kuphela yesithombe. Ukuze usebenze kudingeka ukuba ngokudubula into ukuthi ovuthayo kahle futhi waba abandayo.

izindlela metering

Okungenhla efakwe ohlwini izinhlobo metering, kodwa wonke umuntu abe ethile ebalulekile. Umphumela kancane ehlaselwe ukukhanya kuma, kuphela kuthinta into sokudubula. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha amabili zezinhlangothi imifino. Omunye wabo orange, ezinye - blue. I ukukhanyisa egumbini elilodwa, futhi izitsha ukukhanya uwela ngokulinganayo. Nge indawo metering ukuchayeka value futhi sithola into ngayinye. Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-blue ipuleti has a ukukhanya engezansi, futhi ephuzi - okukhulu. Kodwa uma ubheka, akufanele kube, ngoba izimo zokukhanya entweni eyodwa.

Kanjani ukukhanya phezu metering

Isizathu sokuba lezi umehluko embukisweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo ukukhanyisa - ku reflectivity anemibala ehlukene. Ungaqhubeka ukufunda nokushintsha izitsha abamhlophe nabansundu. Illumination ngesikhathi esifanayo akumele ushintshwe. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho zokuchayekela amapuleti black ungadinga okungaphezu izitsha ezimhlophe. Isiphetho: uma metering ingathathwa zibe akhawunti kungakhanyi ukukhanya kwezindaba into kokudubula, ukubonakaliswa kwayo izici.

Exposure ikamelo smartphone

Qonda ukuchayeka photography - lokhu kusho ukuthola izithombe ezinhle kunoma iyiphi igajethi! Smartphones Modern anemisila ikhamera omkhulu, futhi izithombe ube mubi kakhulu ikhamera. Idivayisi ukuhamba - is a plus elikhulu, ngoba akunakwenzeka njalo baphathe igajethi ivolumu esibukweni.

Ngeshwa, umthelela yokuchayeka ikhamera esakhelwe cishe kungenakwenzeka. Esakhelwe ngaphakathi lenza izilinganiso futhi ihambisa ukugeleza ukukhanya.

Gaunt L. "lombukiso izithombe»

Incwadi iphatha ukufakwa embukisweni njengoba kunqubo. Umbhali ngentshiseko uchaza indlela le nqubo iseduze ubuciko, ngoba lena akuyona iqoqo isidina yokukala nemingcele!

Encwadini "Lo mbukiso ezithombeni" Gaunt ukhuluma ngani ukuthi uma imingcele abakhethiwe kahle kubalulekile ithoni laligujwa esithombeni. imibala abamhlophe nabansundu kufanele bahlanzeke, futhi shades Lesisemkhatsini akufanele siphambane.

Yini incwadi uyofundisa? Umbhali uzokutshela ukuthi ukuchayeka lengiyo izithombe - isinqumo ngalokho ithoni uzonikezwa ingacaci. Le ncwadi izokusiza ukuba uqonde bona ukuchayeka ezibalulekile kanjani izithombe. Indlela yokugwema amaphutha kuleli cala, tshela umlobi odumile.

Funda amathuba ikhamera. Lapho umuntu ethatha lokuqala reflex wakhe ikhamera bese uqala ukuyiqonda izilungiselelo, isinyathelo esinzima kakhulu ukutadisha izinto eziyisisekelo ukuchayeka photography. Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo le nkinga, uzoba isinyathelo eduze ubuciko izithombe okhokhelwayo.

Kulesi sihloko okufundile ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi kungabonakala kusitholi sokubonwayo ikhamera bese kanjani ukuyisebenzisa ukuthatha izithombe exposure lesifanele. Ngokuthenga imishini eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto ikhamera reflex, wena kufanele ufunde imiyalelo njengenkundla mantra. Uma ungazi ukuthi iningi izinkinobho igajethi ke ngokuya izilungiselelo, wena kuphela uthole bedidekile. Ngakho funda, nama-albhamu umndeni zenu zigcwele eliphezulu ngokwedlulele izinga izithombe.